What kind of corn is planted in central and southern Hebei?

(II) Distribution of Corn Planting in China The corn planting area in China is about 300 million mu. Distributed in about 24 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions. Among them, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Hebei, Shandong, Shanxi, Henan, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan and Guangxi are the main provinces. In 2002, the world's corn planting area was 6.5438+0.375 million hectares, with a total output of 602.2 million tons and an average output of 4,380 kg/hectare. China planted 24.476 million hectares of corn, 65.438+0.25 million tons and 56.5438+000 kg/hectare. This is a country that grows corn all year round. Corn is planted from Nehe River in Heilongjiang Province in the north to Hainan Province in the south. (3) The whole country is divided into six planting areas: 1. The northern spring sowing corn areas include all of Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Ningxia and Inner Mongolia, most of Shanxi, and parts of Hebei, Shaanxi and Gansu. This area belongs to the continental climate of cold temperate zone, with short frost-free period, cold winter, dry and windy spring and humid summer. The average annual precipitation in most areas is above 500 mm, which is unevenly distributed, and 60% is concentrated in summer, forming the characteristics of spring drought, summer and autumn waterlogging. Corn planting is basically a one-year cropping system. Planting methods include corn harvest, corn-soybean intercropping and spring wheat-corn intercropping. The following points should be paid attention to in maize cultivation: (1) replacing new varieties, breeding or introducing new hybrids with high yield, lodging resistance and suitable for close planting. (2) Increase investment, especially chemical fertilizer investment, improve soil fertility and increase soil organic matter content, so as to give full play to the advantages of light, heat and water conditions in this area and create favorable conditions for corn growth and development. (3) Expanding the planting area of plastic film corn. (4) Water the soles of feet, sow deeply, preserve seedlings, and promote the early development of strong seedlings. (5) Strive for early sowing, strengthen field management, accelerate early growth and development, strive for early flowering, and extend flowering to maturity: give full play to the advantages in dry matter production in the later stage. 2. Huanghuaihai summer sowing corn area is located in the south of northern spring corn area, north of Huaihe River and north of Qinling Mountain. Including Shandong. Henan, south-central Hebei, south-central Shanxi, central Shaanxi, Jiangsu and northern Anhui are the largest corn producing areas in China, with a planting area of 7,333,300 hectares (about1/kloc-0,000,000 mu), accounting for more than 30% of the national corn planting area, and the total output accounts for about 50% of the national total. This area belongs to temperate semi-humid climate, with frost-free period 170 ~ 220 days, and annual average precipitation of 500 ~ 800 mm, mostly from late June to early September. Natural conditions are extremely favorable for the growth and development of maize. However, due to high temperature, large evaporation and concentrated rainfall, droughts in spring and floods in summer often occur, as well as natural disasters such as wind and hail, salinity and low temperature. The farming system is basically double cropping a year, and the main factors limiting maize yield are various planting methods, interplanting and multiple cropping, high multiple cropping index and insufficient soil fertility. In maize cultivation, we should pay attention to the following points: (1) Promote compact maize hybrids with early maturity, high yield and strong stress resistance. (2) Increase fertilizer input and give full play to the yield-increasing potential of fertilizer. In this area, corn fertilization area accounts for about two-thirds of the total area, and phosphorus fertilizer is insufficient, and potassium fertilizer is even less. Therefore, the fertilizer application rate should be increased to 12 kg of pure nitrogen and appropriate amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. (3) Intercropping corn with wheat stubble and summer sowing corn in North China are in the driest season of the year, and the plough layer is very dry. Combining with the last crop in the later period, preparing sufficient soil moisture before sowing, proper deep sowing (6 ~ 7 cm), strict covering and suppression are important measures to strive for the whole seedling. For interplanting corn, in order to reduce the shading during the wheat growth period, it is necessary to water it again before and after the wheat harvest to prevent drought, protect seedlings and promote strong seedlings and early development. (4) The rainy season in North China generally begins in late June, and summer maize is prone to bud waterlogging after wheat stubble. Therefore, early sowing or interplanting can promote seedling jointing before the rainstorm, and avoid and reduce waterlogging damage. If the precipitation gradually decreases after the end of August and autumn drought occurs, water should be used to promote grain filling and increase grain weight. 3. The corn region in the southwest hills of China includes Sichuan, Guizhou, Guangxi, Yunnan, Hubei and western Hunan. A small part of southern Shaanxi and Gansu. The sown area of corn is about 4 million hectares (60 million mu), accounting for a quarter of the national corn area. It belongs to temperate and subtropical humid and semi-humid climate. Abundant rainfall, good hydrothermal conditions and poor lighting conditions. More than 90% of the land is hilly and plateau, with frost-free period of 200-260 days, annual average temperature 14- 16℃, and annual precipitation of 800- 1200mm, mostly from April to 10. Intercropping corn with wheat, sweet potato or legume crops is mainly carried out in mountainous grassland, and only one season of spring corn can be planted in alpine mountainous areas. In maize cultivation, we should pay attention to the following points: (1) expand the planting area of hybrid maize, fully tap local germplasm resources (pure breeds with excellent genetic characteristics are called germplasm for cultivating hybrid varieties), and select single cross, double cross, triple cross and group reform according to ecological division to expand the area of excellent hybrid varieties to more than 80%. (2) Popularize plastic film mulching for maize in mountainous and hilly areas, strive for cultivation time and accumulated temperature, and increase the yield per unit area by 30%-50%. (3) Expand the intercropping area, improve the multiple cropping index, and popularize the standardized planting of corn. (4) Expand some winter corn planting in Yunnan and southern Guangxi. (5) Most mountainous and hilly areas in this area have poor soil and rainy weather, so attention should be paid to strengthening pest control. 4. The southern hilly corn region includes Guangdong, Hainan, Fujian, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Taiwan Province and other provinces, southern Jiangsu and Anhui, and eastern Hunan and Hubei. The area of corn is small, accounting for about 5% of the national area. 5. Northwest corn irrigation area includes Xinjiang, Hexi Corridor in Gansu and Hetao Irrigation Area in Ningxia. It accounts for 2%-3% of the national corn planting area. 6. The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau corn region, including Qinghai and Tibet, is an important pastoral and forest region in China. Corn is one of the emerging crops in this area, with short cultivation history and small planting area. China is the second largest corn producer in the world, with an annual output exceeding 1 100 million tons, accounting for 20% of the world's total output; At the same time, China is also the largest consumer of corn, and more than 90% of its consumption depends on domestic production. In the past five years, China imported corn for two years and exported corn for three years. Although the annual import and export volume ranges from several million tons to more than one million tons, it occupies the second position in the international market (the United States is the first exporter and Japan is the first importer), but it accounts for 5%- 10% of domestic consumption. China's traditional corn export markets are Japan, South Korea and Southeast Asian countries, while China's traditional corn import sources are the United States and Argentina. Northeast China is the main corn producing area in China, and Jilin Province is the largest corn producing province in China. 1996 Jilin province produces corn17.5 million tons, accounting for 14% of the national total output. Followed by Shandong Province and Heilongjiang Province, the output is160,000 tons and145,000 tons respectively. The annual output of Hebei and Henan provinces is also10 million tons.