Where are watermelons, pears, grapes and peaches produced?

China is the largest watermelon producing area in the world, but watermelon is not native to China. Watermelon originated in Africa. It was originally a wild plant of Cucurbitaceae, which was cultivated artificially to become an edible watermelon.

As early as 4000 years ago, Egyptians planted watermelons, and then gradually moved northward, first from the Mediterranean coast to northern Europe, and then south to the Middle East, India and other places. In the 4th and 5th centuries, watermelon was introduced into China from the Western Regions, so it was called "watermelon".

According to Xu Guangqi, a scientist in the Ming Dynasty, the book "The Complete Book of Agricultural Administration" records: "Watermelon is named after being planted in the western regions." Li Ming's Compendium of Materia Medica records: "According to Hu Jiao of Uighur, there is a kind of melon called watermelon. Watermelon entered China from the Five Dynasties; There are north and south today. " Thus, watermelon cultivation in China has a long history.

pear

The provinces with the largest pear production in China are Hebei, Shandong, Liaoning, Jiangsu, Sichuan and Yunnan. The main pear producing area is Yantai, Shandong Province, and the cultivated varieties are Huangxian Changba pear, Qixia Dashuixiang pear, Laiyang Rosa roxburghii, Laixi Crystal pear and Xiangshui pear. In Handan, Shijiazhuang and Xingtai, Hebei Province, the main varieties are Yali pear and Xuehua pear; There are autumn Pak Lei, Yali pear and Qiuzi pear in Suizhong, Beizhen, Yixian, Jinxi and Fuxin in Liaoning Province. Anhui Dangshan and its surrounding areas are crisp pear producing areas; Gaoping, Shanxi is the producing area of huanghuali, and Yuanping mainly produces huanghuali and avocado. Lanzhou, Gansu Province is famous for producing winter pears. Sichuan Jinchuan Sydney and Xi Juan Pear; Korla fragrant pears and crisp pears in Xinjiang, and western pears in Yantai and Dalian are also well-known at home and abroad.

grape

In the vast area of 45-25 north latitude in China, there are different grape and wine producing areas. However, due to the differences in specific ecological environment and regional economic development, these producing areas are small and scattered, and most of them are in the east of China. Distribution of main wine grape producing areas: 1. The northeast producing areas include the foot of Changbai Mountain and the northeast plain to the south of 45. It is extremely cold here in winter, the temperature is -30-40℃, and the annual active accumulated temperature (≥ 10. The temperature is 2567-2779℃, the precipitation is 635-679 mm, and the soil is chernozem, which is fertile. European grape (V. vinifera) can't survive in cold winter, while wild grape (V. amurensis) has become the main variety cultivated here because of its strong cold resistance. According to the statistics of 1960, the total amount of wild vitis amurensis in Northeast China at that time had reached 15000 tons, which was mainly used for wine making. 2. The producing areas of Bohai Bay are Changli, the hilly area of Jixian County in Tianjin Binhai District, the northern hills of Shandong Peninsula and Daze Mountain in the northern half of North China. Because it is close to Bohai Bay and influenced by the ocean, it is rich in heat and abundant in rainfall. The annual accumulated temperature is 3756-4 174℃, and the annual precipitation is 5560-670 mm The soil types are complex, including sandy soil, coastal saline-alkali soil and brown soil. Superior natural conditions make it the most famous wine grape producing area in China, among which Cabernet Sauvignon in Changli, Rose Fragrance in Tianjin Binhai, Chardonnay in Shandong Peninsula, Guirenxiang, Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Jiali Brewing, Baiyuni and other grapes are all famous in China. Bohai Bay is the producing area with the largest planting area and the best variety of wine grapes in China. The output of wine accounts for 1/2 of the national total output. 3. Shacheng producing areas include Xuanhua, Zhuolu and Huailai. It is located in the north of the Great Wall, with abundant sunshine and moderate heat. The temperature difference between day and night is large, the summer is cool, the climate is dry and the rainfall is small. The annual accumulated temperature is 3532℃, the annual precipitation is 4 13 mm, the soil is cinnamon soil, sandy and hilly, which is very suitable for grape growth. Longan and milk grapes are the specialties here. In recent years, world-famous wine varieties such as Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot have been popularized. 4. The producing areas of Qingxu are Fenyang, Yuci and the northwest mountainous area of Qingxu, with cool climate and abundant sunshine. The annual accumulated temperature is 3000-3500℃, the precipitation is 445 mm, and the soil is loam, sandy loam and gravel. Grapes are planted in mountainous areas and are very dark in color. Longan in Qingxu is a local specialty. In recent years, Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot have also begun to be used in wine making. The origin of Yinchuan includes the vast alluvial plain along the eastern foot of Helan Mountain, where the weather is dry and the temperature difference between day and night is large. The annual accumulated temperature is 3298-335 1℃, and the annual precipitation is 180-200mm. The soil is sandy loam with gravel, and the thickness of the soil layer is 30-180-200mm. This is the largest wine grape base newly developed in northwest China, mainly planting world wine varieties Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot. 6. The producing areas of Wuwei include Wuwei, Minqin, Gulang and Zhangye, which are located on the edge of Tengger Desert, and it is also a new wine producing area on the Silk Road in China. The climate here is cool and dry, with the annual active accumulated temperature of 2800-3000℃ and the annual precipitation of110 mm. Because there is no heat, it is cold in winter, which is suitable for the growth of early and middle ripening grape varieties. In recent years, Merlot, Pinot Noir and Chardonnay have been developed. 7. The producing areas of Turpan are Shanshan River and Hongliuhe River in Turpan Basin, which are below 300 meters above sea level. Surrounded by mountains, hot air is frequent. In summer, the temperature is extremely high, reaching over 45℃, and the annual active accumulated temperature is 53 19℃. Rainfall is scarce, only 16.4mm throughout the year. This is the production and drying base of seedless white grapes in China. More than ten years ago, Guo Qichang, a famous wine expert, tried to plant wine chrysanthemums such as Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Huokeng, Syrah and Lilac here. Although glucose is high, the acidity is low, the flavor is insufficient and the quality of dry wine is poor. The sweet wine produced has the characteristics of western regions and its quality is still good. 8. The birthplace of the old Yellow River includes Xiaoxian County in Anhui, Lankao County in Henan, Quan Min County and other old Yellow River counties. The climate here is hot, with an annual accumulated temperature of 4000-4590℃. The annual precipitation is more than 800mm, concentrated in summer, so the grapes grow vigorously, the diseases are serious and the quality is declining. In recent years, the newly developed winemaking bases in some wineries have basically controlled the epidemic of diseases by introducing late-maturing varieties such as Cabernet Sauvignon and improving cultivation techniques, and the quality of grapes is expected to be improved. 9. The high-rise sources in Yunnan include Maitreya, Dongchuan, Yongren and Panzhihua on the Jinsha River at the junction of Sichuan and Yunnan at an altitude of1500m. The soil is mostly red soil and brown soil. The climate here is characterized by abundant sunshine, sufficient heat and timely precipitation. June of last year to June of the following year is an obvious dry season, with precipitation of 329mm (Maitreya, Yunnan) and 100mm (Panzhihua, Sichuan), which is suitable for the growth and ripening of wine grapes. Taking advantage of the natural advantages and unique microclimate in dry season, cultivating Eurasian grapes has become a major feature of grape planting in southwest China. After decades of development, the above nine producing areas have gradually formed, and the basic framework of China wine grape producing areas in 2 1 century has been constructed.

Then there is the northern part of Xinjiang along the Tianshan Mountains, and the edible grapes produced in Turpan account for the majority.

peach

Except Heilongjiang Province, peach trees are cultivated in other provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions in China, with the main economic cultivation areas in North China and East China, with relatively concentrated areas in Haidian District of Beijing, Pinggu County and Jixian County of Tianjin, Feicheng, Yidu and Qingdao of Shandong Province, Shangshui and Kaifeng of Henan Province, Funing, Zunhua, Shenxian and Linzhang of Hebei Province, Baoji, Xi 'an of Shaanxi Province and Chengdu of Sichuan Province. According to the statistics of 1994, the cultivated area in China has exceeded 3.6 million mu, and the peach output is 200,000 tons, ranking first in the world.