Why is the temperature distribution in the tropopause high at high latitudes and low at low latitudes?

Tropospheric thickness is positively correlated with air temperature: low latitude (thick) 17- 18km, middle latitude 10- 12km, and high latitude (thin) is only 8-9km. The tropopause at low latitudes is about 10km higher than that at high latitudes.

With the increase of tropospheric altitude 1km, the temperature will drop by 6℃. Judging from the drop range of tropopause temperature relative to the surface temperature, the drop range of tropopause temperature at low latitudes is 60℃ more than that at high latitudes, but the near-surface temperature at low latitudes cannot be 60℃ higher than that at high latitudes, so the tropopause temperature at low latitudes is lower than that at high latitudes.

Variation of Tropospheric Temperature with Height

In the troposphere, because the direct source of its main heat is ground radiation, the temperature decreases with height. The troposphere temperature in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is obviously higher than that in other areas at the same height, because it improves the position of ground radiation.

The general law of troposphere changing with height: the temperature drops by 0.65℃ every time the height rises 100 meters.

Because of this change in temperature, there is a strong air convection movement.

Stratosphere, because it is far from the ground, the influence of ground radiation on it can be ignored, and its heat comes from solar ultraviolet radiation absorbed by ozone. So it is cold and hot, and the atmosphere mainly flows horizontally.

The middle layer, also known as the upper troposphere, is also cold at the top and hot at the bottom, with obvious convection. (Away from the ozone layer again)

Near the ground, where the temperature is high, the air moves upward, and where the temperature is low, the air moves downward, forming air convection. When the troposphere temperature is high and low, air convection is easy to occur. Significant convective movement and sufficient water vapor make the weather phenomena in the troposphere complex and changeable, and the main weather phenomena such as clouds, rain, snow and lightning all occur in this layer. Various weather changes in the troposphere affect the survival and behavior of organisms, and the troposphere is the layer in the atmosphere that is most closely related to people's life and production.