What are the characteristics of tropical monsoon climate?

1. High temperature all year round, the annual average temperature is above 22℃, and the coldest month is generally above 16℃ in the winter half of the year. In Xishuangbanna in Yunnan and southern India, the high mountains and plateaus in the north block cold air from invading southward, so the temperature is relatively high in the winter half.

2. The dry and rainy seasons are obvious, precipitation is concentrated in the rainy season, and the precipitation is large. Under the control of the dry northeast monsoon, precipitation is scarce in winter, and the temperature is the coolest time of the year. Generally, the average humidity usually falls between 50 and 75%, which is the cool and dry season.

The summer half of the year is the hottest half of the year as the sun has begun to heat the northern hemisphere directly. After the southwest monsoon comes, it is easy to generate various lingering fronts, and tropical cyclones generated from the ocean often come. , and thunderstorms caused by thermal convection in the afternoon, the rainfall increases significantly and there are heavy rains from time to time. The average humidity at this time generally falls between 75 and 100%, making people feel unbearably humid and hot. This is the hot and humid rainy season.

3. The monsoon is significant. The northeast monsoon emitted by the land high pressure during the dry season merges into the equatorial convergence zone on the ocean. During the rainy season, the southwest monsoon from the Southern Hemisphere subtropical high merges into the Thar Low.

4. Tropical cyclones prevail. In sync with the "summer monsoon", the tropical cyclone season is from mid-May to mid-September every year.

The Indian Peninsula and the Indochina Peninsula are typical areas of this climate and are also the main areas. However, the start and end times of the seasons are different between the two:

Peninsula India usually has the rainy season from June to September, and the dry season from October to May of the following year. The weather is extremely hot in the late dry season (April-May), with the highest temperature often reaching over 40°C. Heavy rains in the rainy season often cause floods.

In Indochina, the rainy season is usually from May to October, and the dry season is from November to April of the following year. April or May is the hottest month, with the highest temperature generally between 38-40°C. During the rainy season, there are frequent convective rains and typhoon rains, often lightning and thunder, and heavy rains can cause disasters and cause huge property losses. The temperature is high throughout the year, with two seasons: dry and wet.

Extended information:

Tropical mountain low-mountain evergreen broad-leaved forest, also known as monsoon evergreen broad-leaved forest, is the main mountain vegetation type in Xishuangbanna. Generally distributed in mountainous areas above 900m above sea level.

This type of forest vegetation usually has two layers of trees, mainly composed of evergreen broad-leaved Fagaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Lauraceae, Theaceae and other tree species. The canopy is neat and connected to each other, with shrubs and herbs. There are fewer plant species in the upper layer, mainly saplings and seedlings of the upper layer trees.

In terms of ecological appearance characteristics, tropical mountainous evergreen broad-leaved forests are characterized by the composition of evergreen plants with medium and small high buds that are mainly leathery, whole-edged, and medium-leaf, with abundant woody vines in the interlayers. But epiphytes are rare.