The origin of the emperor

The earliest "emperor" in ancient China was a general term for "three emperors and five emperors". Huang San refers to the emperor, the Yellow Emperor and Ren Huang, and is the legendary ancient san huang. "Emperor" originally refers to the supreme master of all things in the universe-heaven and earth. Later, many countries scuffled, each claiming the title of emperor, and the western emperor, the eastern emperor, the middle emperor and the northern emperor appeared, which made the "emperor" in the sky come to earth and became the honorific title beyond the "king". (There are also Huangdi, Yandi, Chiyou, etc. During the tribal period).

After Qin Shihuang unified the whole country, he considered himself a "sage, Huang San, who made great contributions to the Five Emperors". He combined the two highest titles of "Emperor" and "Emperor" into one and became his own emperor. From then on, the son of heaven was called the emperor.

■ another name for the emperor

In feudal society, although "Emperor" is an extremely noble title, courtiers can't call the word "Emperor" in front of the emperor, and often only use the emperor's posthumous title.

The Eastern Han Dynasty (AD 25-AD 220) called the emperor "Guo", because in ancient times, governors called it "Guo" and doctors called it "home", so people took "Guo" as the general name of the country, and the emperor was the embodiment of the country, so they called the emperor "Guo", and the Jin Dynasty (AD 265-AD 420) still used this title.

The Tang dynasty (6 18 ~ 907) called the emperor a "saint" and called him a "homebody" in the palace. Because the imperial power is supreme, it is called "home".

In the Song Dynasty (960- 1 127), the emperor was called the temple ancestor. For example, Song Shenzong is called "the ancestor of God" and Song Renzong is called "the seedling of man". There is also "official" and "official", which means "five emperors are above and three kings are below"

In addition, there are other nicknames for the emperor, such as, Your Majesty, Emperor, Shang, Cheng Yu, Che Jia, Jia, Long live the Lord, Saint, (Northern Dynasty), Lang Zhu (Liao, Jin) and so on. There is also a nickname given to the emperor according to the year number.

■ The difference between an emperor and a king

The king and the emperor are both heads of state of monarchies, but there are differences between them. In English words, "Wang" is "Wang" and "Di" is "Di". What is the difference? For example, in ancient China, the emperor was the number one figure who unified China, and the royalty and heroes who were enfeoffed everywhere were called kings. In other words, the king was sealed by the emperor. This difference also applies to Britain and some other European countries. Take Britain as an example. There is an emperor above the British monarch. who is it? Pope. The king of England saluted the Pope when he ascended the throne, and then the Pope crowned him. The full names of British monarchs indicate their ruling areas. For example, Charles I called him "King of Great Britain and Ireland, Defender of the Church of God in Hong En". After India became a colony, Queen Victoria was named "Queen of India" in 1876. Because India is a pagan region and the Pope can't control it, the title of "Emperor" has been added to the title of King of England since then. But the king of England is only the emperor of India. For example, Edward VII's full name is "King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and all overseas territories, defender of the state religion, and Indian emperor Edward VII". After India's independence, the title of "emperor" of the king of England was cancelled. Napoleon established the First Empire of France, calling himself the emperor. At its peak, the First Empire ruled most of Europe and controlled a large number of colonies. When Napoleon proclaimed himself emperor, although the pope was crowned in form, in fact Napoleon despised the pope and was actually out of his control.

How many emperors are there in China? Opinions vary. If we only count from Qin Shihuang, there are 2 in Qin Dynasty, 3 1 in Han Dynasty,1in Three Kingdoms,1in Jin Dynasty, 78 in Wuhu Sixteen States, 59 in Southern and Northern Dynasties, 3 in Sui Dynasty, 22 in Tang Dynasty, 55 in Five Dynasties and Ten Countries, and 60 in Song Dynasty. There were 12 people in the Qing Dynasty, as well as Nanming and Beiyuan, others such as Li Zicheng and Zhang, and Yuan Shikai, the father and son of Hong Xiuquan of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. They were even called Emperor Hong Xiandi for only two months, adding up to 408 people.

But if we add the kings, princes and marquis in the Eastern and Western Zhou, the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, which lasted for 840 years before Qin Shihuang, there will be more. These Wang Yongyuan are *** 12 1, 217,23. If you count the 60 emperors in Shang and Xia Dynasties before the Zhou Dynasty, there should be 829 emperors in China.

Try to collect a lot of information about emperors from the history of the 25th century and make a list, including dynasty, title, year of birth, year of reign, age of accession, year number, etc. , and list the cause of death in the remarks. Try to condense the information of these 400 emperors in this article.

Although Emperor China pretends to be the son of heaven and claims to live forever, there are not many people who live long, and there are many people who are short-lived. More than half of them are under 50 years old (not counting those before Qin Shihuang). The other 30 dates of birth and death are unknown).

There are only five people over 80 years old, namely the longest-lived Emperor Qianlong (88 years old), Liang Wudi Xiaoyan (85 years old), the only female emperor Wu Zetian (8 1), Song Gaozong Zhao Gou (80 years old) and Wusu Wang Qian □(80 years old).

There are 10 people over 70 years old, including Kublai Khan (79 years old), Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty (77 years old), Zhu Yuanzhang (70 years old), and Sun Quan, the Emperor of the Three Kingdoms (70 years old).

There are 38 people over 60 years old, including Liu Che (69), Emperor Kangxi (68), Genghis Khan (65), Emperor Wendi of Sui (63) and Liu Bang (6 1).

There are 60 people over the age of 50, including Yong Zhengdi (57) and Li Shimin (50).

There are 55 people aged 40 to 49, including Ying Zheng of Qin Shihuang (49), Zhao Kuangyin of Song Taizu (49), Li Yu (4 1), Emperor Taizong of the Qing Dynasty (4 1) and so on.

There are 62 people aged 30 to 39, including Wei Wendi Cao Pi (39), Guangxu Emperor (37) and Xianfeng Emperor (30).

There are 50 people aged between 20 and 29, including Qin Ershi Prize-winning Hu Hai (23) and the emperor shunzhi (23).

There are 28 people aged from 10 to 19.

/kloc-There are 29 doll emperors under 0/0, including 8-year-old Emperor Liu Zuan, 6-year-old Yuan Ningzong, 2-year-old Emperor Liu Bing and Emperor Liu Long. They ascended the throne 65,438+000 days after birth and died before their first birthday.

These young emperors, who died young, knew nothing. But some emperors ascended the throne when they were only a few years old, and they sat for decades, which had a far-reaching influence.

The longest reigning emperors were Kangxi (6 1) and Qianlong (60).

Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty and Emperor Renzong of Xixia were both in 54 years.

Xixia worshiped Buddhism for 53 years.

1 1 positions have been in office for more than 40 years.

Including Emperor Sheng of Liao Dynasty (49 years), Emperor Wanli (48 years), Emperor Liao Dao (46 years), Emperor Jiajing of Ming Dynasty (45 years), Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty (44 years), Emperor Song Lizong (4 1 year)

Those who have been in office for more than 30 years have 19.

Including Qin Shihuang (36 years), Song Gaozong (35 years), Song Huizong (35 years), Tang Gaozong (34 years), Emperor Guangxu (33 years), Emperor Daoguang (30 years) and Zhu Yuanzhang (30 years).

3 1 position has been in office for more than 20 years.

Including Song Xiaozong (27 years), Emperor Taizong (23 years) and Genghis Khan (2 1 year).

10 to 20 years, there are 103 positions.

Including Emperor Taizong of Liao Dynasty (20 years), the emperor shunzhi (18), Emperor Chongzhen of Ming Dynasty (17), Song Taizu (16), Wu Zetian (15), Emperor Tongzhi (14) and Southern Tang Dynasty.

More than 240 emperors have been in power for less than ten years.

There are at least 600.

Five Dynasties, Ten Countries and N Korea Countries

The dynasty (about BC 1675- BC 1029) began in Shang Tang and ended in Shang and Zhou dynasties. It enjoyed the country for 646 years and had 30 emperors. Because Shang Dynasty was once the capital of Yin, it was also called Yin Shang. Slavery developed greatly in Shang Dynasty, and reached a higher level in culture and bronze smelting. The surname of Shang Dynasty. Shang Wang is the first brother and the second son.

After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), Shang Tang learned a profound lesson from the demise of the Xia Dynasty, abolished the tyranny of cruelly oppressing the people, and adopted the policy of "forgiving the people and governing the business", which eased the internal contradictions of the Shang Dynasty, stabilized the political situation, and became increasingly powerful. He conquered many countries around him, won a series of victories and became a powerful country. According to documents, the Shang Dynasty moved its capital five times. Archaeologists have found important remains of large palaces, tombs and workshops in these four sites, such as Palace No.1 found in the middle of Erlitou site, with an area of 10000 square meters. In the late Shang dynasty, domestic contradictions were very sharp, and the governors of the four sides also rebelled. Faced with this situation, Di Xin, King of Shang Dynasty, did not think about reform, did not listen to advice, and blindly pursued a life of extravagance and extravagance, further intensifying domestic contradictions. At the same time, militaristic, mobilized troops to conquer Dongyi, increased the burden on the people, and made the domestic forces empty. Zhou Wuwang's army attacked Konoha, a suburb of Shang Dynasty, but the army of Shang Dynasty had no fighting spirit, and "former disciples defected" cleared the way for the army of King Wu. Seeing that the tide was over, Di Xin fled to Lutai, took out Yu Pei and set himself on fire. Shang dynasty is over.

Shang Tang reigned for 30 years.

Shang Tang, surnamed Zi. The ancestors of Shang Dynasty signed a contract to help Dayu control water and established Shang Tang in Bo (now Shangqiu, Henan). He appointed Zhong Guo and Yi Yin as phase, and gradually became stronger. Xia Jie is cruel, and people's resentment is boiling. So he set about conquering Xia, defeating Xia Jun and establishing Shang Dynasty. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), laws such as Punishment in Tang Dynasty and Mingju were revised, and Guan Xinmin's life was compared. /kloc-Shang Tang ascended the throne in 0/7, and the emperor died in 0/3.

Waibing reigned for three years.

Shang Tang's son, Waibing, died after three years in office.

Zhong Ren reigned for four years.

Zhong Ren, the son of Shang Tang, is Waic's younger brother. Shang Wang is the first brother and the second son. Zhong Ren died after four years in office.

Tai Jia reigned for 33 years. Taijia is the grandson of Shang Tang and the son of Taiding. At the beginning of his reign, he was banished to the Children's Palace by Yi Yin for "subverting the standard punishment of the Tang Dynasty". Three years later, he was rehabilitated and became a successful king. This is the story of "Tong Gong repents".

Woding

Be in power for 29 years

Woding, son of Tai Jia. Warding reigned for 29 years.

Taigeng

Be in power for 25 years

Tai Geng, Tai Jiazi, Wo Dingdi.

Jony J reigned for 36 years.

Jony J, Taigengzi.

Yongji

In 12 years.

Yongji, little jiadi. The Shang dynasty began to weaken.

Taiwu reigned for 75 years.

Taiwu, Yong Jidi. It is quite refreshing that a teacher is diligent in Xiu De and manages the country and the people.

Zhong Ding was in office 1 1 year.

Zhong Ding, Taiwuzi, moved to the capital after he acceded to the throne.

Foreign minister in office 15 years.

Wairen, Zhongding Emperor, Taiwuzi.

His family ruled for nine years.

He, Tai Wuzi, foreign brother, moved the capital.

Zu Ti reigned 19 years.

Zu Ti, the son of Heqi, moved the capital to Pi after he succeeded to the throne, and the social economy of Shang Dynasty was restored and developed, and Shang Dynasty prospered again.

Zuxin reigned 16 years.

Zuxin, Zuziyi, reigned 16 years.

Wo Jia ruled for 20 years.

Wo Jia, the first son, the new land.

Zu Ding reigned for 32 years.

Zu Ding, son of Zuxin.

Nangeng reigned for 29 years.

Nan Geng, Wo Jiazi and Nan Geng moved their capital to Yan (now Qufu, Shandong).

The Yang family reigned for seven years.

Yang Jia, Zu Ding Zi. "when the yang family was emperor, yin declined."

Pan Geng reigned for 28 years.

Pan Geng, Zu Ding, Yang Jiadi. Pan Geng moved the capital to Yin, and the Shang Dynasty was called Yin Shang ever since. After moving the capital, the social economy developed greatly and Yindu became the political and cultural center at that time.

Xiao Xin ruled for 2 1 year.

Xiaoxin, Zu Dingzi and Pan Geng's younger brother. Business is down again.

Xiao Yi ruled for 2 1 year.

Xiao Yi, Zu Ding Zi, Xiao Xindi.

Wu Ding reigned for 59 years.

Wu Ding, Xiao Ziyi. Wu Ding is the best king after Pan Geng. His politics improved and the Shang Dynasty revived. When he was young, he went to the folk life for a period of time and knew the sufferings of the people. After he ascended the throne, he worked hard to revitalize the great cause. He went out to crusade against the devil, the earth, Qiang, people, tigers and other countries. The scale of the war is not small, and thousands of troops are often used. The largest one is 13000. In these battles, Zheng served many small countries, expanded his territory and captured a large number of prisoners. At that time, with the improvement of the development level of social productive forces, the bronze industry made a breakthrough, in addition, it also made great achievements in textiles, medicine, transportation, astronomy and so on.

Zu Geng reigned for seven years.

Zu Geng, Wu Dingzi.

Zujia reigned for 33 years.

Zujia, Wu Dingzi and Zu Geng's younger brother.

Yan Xin reigned for six years.

Yan Xin, Zujiazi.

Geng Ding reigned for 6 years.

Geng Ding, Zujiazi, Xin Xindi.

Wuyi reigned for 4 years.

Wuxu, the son of Geng Ding. He was electrocuted by lightning during his four years in office.

Taiding reigned for three years.

Tai Ding, a native of Wu. During his reign, Ji Li (Ji Chang's father) was more prestigious, and Tai Ding was frightened and killed him.

Di Yi reigned for 37 years.

Di Yi, son of Tai Ding. Di Yi, Shang Dynasty was weaker. Make peace with Ji Chang in a friendly way.

Shang and Zhou reigned for 33 years.

Shang and Zhou dynasties, surnamed Xin, Mingshou, Shoushou, with the same surname Di. Shang Zhou has wisdom and extraordinary strength. He attacked Dongyi on a large scale and won, which made a certain contribution to the spread of Central Plains culture. But Shang and Zhou dynasties were cruel and lewd. Spoiled da ji, tortured the people, overhauled the palace, and the people were miserable. At this time, the Western Zhou Dynasty gradually became stronger and finally destroyed the business. Zhou Wang set himself on fire and died. Shangwu Shang and Zhou Dynasties and Xia Jie also became the pronouns of tyrants-"unruly kings".

China's top ten emperors.

(1) The oldest emperor: Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty, 88 years old.

(2) The shortest-lived emperor: the emperor of the Eastern Han Dynasty died before he was one year old.

(3) The youngest emperor when he ascended the throne: The Eastern Han Dynasty was defeated by the emperor, just after 100 days.

(4) The oldest emperor when he ascended the throne: Wu Zetian, aged 67.

(5) The longest reigning emperor: Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty, reigned for 62 years.

(6) The emperor with the shortest reign: Hong Yan Cheng Lin in the last years of the Jin Dynasty, died in battle in just one day.

(7) The emperor with the most concubines: Emperor Wu of Jin Dynasty, 10000 concubines.

(8) Emperor with the most children: Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty, with 36 boys and 20 girls.

(9) The most dissolute emperor: Yang Di, with 3,000 people from generation to generation.

(10) Last Emperor: Emperor Puyi