How to plant gastrodia elata.

Question 1: How to plant Gastrodia elata? Summary of planting techniques of gastrodia elata growers in the hometown of gastrodia elata. Specific techniques can be learned on the spot. The following is written information.

The supply of gastrodia elata seeds and Armillaria species technology for free learning.

First, the preparation and treatment of planting gastrodia elata. According to the planting instructions 1 m2 Gastrodia elata:

1, wood. A stick about 18 thick, with a diameter of 4-65438 cm (if it exceeds 8 cm, it will be split in two) and a length of 60 cm. Fresh sticks or sticks that have been cut for less than three months can be used, and each stick is cut with four oblique mouths (that is, fish scales); Except pine and fir trees, other miscellaneous trees can be used, but green bars, chestnuts, chestnut trees, fruit trees and poplars are the best.

2. Branchlets and forks. A twig with a diameter of 0.5-3 cm weighs about 4 kg.

3. The leaves are loose. Deciduous leaves of any tree species, including moss and needles (commonly known as pine wool), can be mixed together. Before use, it needs 2 kilograms to be crushed or cut into small leaves, and it can be used by soaking in water.

4. Soil quality. Mountain sand and river sand can be directly used in fields and slopes that have not been fertilized with farmyard manure. If you choose the field where crops were planted that year, you must turn it over 30 cm thick to grow gastrodia elata.

5. Strain. Armillaria mellea mycobacteria 1 kg, dig out or cut the bottom of the bottle, pour out the mycobacteria, and disperse them into individual ones for later use.

6. Types of Gastrodia elata. About 0.5 kg. 7. watering can. That is, a flowerpot.

Second, planting time and site selection. The suitable altitude in mountainous areas is 300- 1800-2600 meters. In low-altitude areas such as basins and plains, it is required to cover indoors with shade sheds, basements and caves.

Third, build boundaries. Indoor flat cultivation can be divided into side ponds with width of 80 cm, height of 20 cm and unlimited length by bricks or boards. We are shooting and editing a complete set of technical videos of the latest indoor box cultivation of Gastrodia elata, so please pay attention.

The slope boundary should be built in fields or mountains, with a depth of 10 cm, a width of 80 cm and unlimited length, which is convenient for operation. The distance between frames is 50 cm, which is convenient for digging drainage ditches and walking.

Fourth, sowing and cultivation. Place pine leaves at the bottom of the frame with a thickness of 5cm, and place thick sticks one by one with an interval of about 2cm, either horizontally or vertically, with the incision upward. Fill sand until the bark of coarse branches is flat, but it can't cover the bark of coarse branches, spray water until the sand is soaked, spread a thin layer of leaves to cover the coarse branches, sow branches at intervals of 6cm, and sow hemp seeds at intervals of 65438+. Spread loose hair until the surface of the stick is flat. Don't press too hard. The requirements are relaxed. The stick is covered with twigs about 3-5 cm thick and covered with soil about 15 cm thick. Leave the branch alone when it opens, it can play a role in ventilation. After the cultivation, people with water source spray a spray of water to let some sand penetrate into the twig fork, and then add some sand to keep warm and moist. The above is a single-layer planting method and a double-layer gastrodia elata planting method. Other planting procedures are the same, except that after spreading a thin layer of branches, it is not necessary to cover the branches with 15cm thick soil, just cover the branches and spray some water, and the soil layer will fall down. After filling the soil until the surface of the fork is smooth, plant another layer according to the first layer method, cover the fork, and cover the sand with 15cm thick soil. After training, it is completed.

The above is a one-step planting method. However, in the proper season, planting Armillaria gastrodia elata and then planting gastrodia elata seeds can adjust and rationally use the labor force in the leisure season and achieve the same effect.

Fifth, management is more important. 1. temperature: the outdoor growth of gastrodia elata is dominated by natural temperature, and the optimum temperature is 10-26℃ in the fungus material 30M below the soil surface, while other temperatures are dormant. In the soil layer, the short-term low temperature tolerance of Gastrodia elata is subject to the weather forecast, outdoor -30℃-33℃, indoor-10℃. Short-term high temperature resistance of 40 degrees. Therefore, in winter, we should cover the soil with a thin layer of weeds or dead leaves, and then cover it with a film, which covers more than 20 cm of weeds to keep warm, moisturize and prevent freezing. When winter goes and spring comes, when the ground temperature is stable above 10 degrees, remove the film and let the rain naturally soak and wet. Gastrodia elata planted in spring need not be covered with plastic film, but should be covered with grass to shade and moisturize.

2. Moisture content: in the year of drought and flood disaster, if it lasts for more than 20 days, it is necessary to strengthen the protection work; After half an hour of heavy rain in the waterlogging period, it is best to cover the film to let the water drain into the ditch, and the weather will open immediately, so as to preserve moisture and drain waterlogging and carry out comprehensive management. In June, July and August, Gastrodia elata enters the physiological maturity stage, and high yield can only be obtained after drought with sufficient water and water supplement 15 days. Water supplement is carried out after the ground temperature drops at sunset. Water should be controlled in September to prevent Armillaria mellea from growing too fast and digesting Gastrodia elata into empty shells and reducing production. 65438 10 to the end of April of the following year, digging and sowing can be carried out at any time.

1 m2 Gastrodia elata generally harvests 7 kg of fresh Gastrodia elata and processes 2 kg of dried Gastrodia elata. & gt

Question 2: Where should Gastrodia elata be planted? 40 points are mainly distributed in Jilin, Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, Hebei, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu, Jiangsu, Anhui, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Taiwan Province, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan and * * *. Nepal, Bhutan, India, Japan, the Korean Peninsula and Siberia are also distributed. Gastrodia elata is born in sparse forest, forest clearing, forest edge and shrub edge, with an altitude of 400-3200m.

Planting method:

Breeding Miao Di

Choose moist loam or sandy loam with good air permeability and water permeability, which is loose and rich in humus, and dig holes with a depth of 35 cm and a width of 85 cm for cultivation.

When choosing land, it is best to choose raw wasteland. The pH value of the soil is 5-6. Avoid clay, waterlogging and continuous cropping. In addition, Gastrodia elata can also be planted in bomb shelters, caves, basements and other places.

Culture bed

Before planting gastrodia elata, Armillaria mellea should be cultivated first.

Generally, broad-leaved trees can be used as materials to cultivate Armillaria mellea, but oak, chestnut and Quercus variabilis are better.

seed treatment

Seed selection:

Select gastrodia elata, which was dug out that year, and remove commercial hemp. Select all hemp seeds and then screen them, and remove inferior hemp seeds such as rotten hemp and deformed hemp. Finally, gastrodia elata, which is similar in size, strong, neat in appearance, big in size, good in color and non-invasive, was determined as the hemp seed for next year.

Seed dressing:

Seed dressing with new high-fat film 10-50 times liquid to prevent disease invasion.

Dig the bottom of the pit, level it, spread a layer of broadleaf leaves and humus soil, and then put the prepared wood evenly at the bottom of the pit with a spacing of 6-8 cm, and put 6-8 pieces of wood in each nest.

When planting, the branches of Armillaria mellea are attached to the fish scales on both sides of the wood, and then the seeds of Gastrodia elata are placed on the branches of Armillaria mellea and the wood to quickly establish a nutritional relationship between them.

Divide the remaining Armillaria species into soybean-sized particles and scatter them evenly on the wood.

Fill it with humus soil or fine sand, and compact it gently, leaving no gaps.

If there are many seeds, plants and branches, you can cultivate another layer on top of the first layer. The method is as above.

Please note that the upper and lower wood is in the shape of a well. Finally, cover with fine soil about 15cm, and cover the litter to form a turtle's back, which is slightly higher than the ground and convenient for drainage.

Question 3: How to plant and manage Gastrodia elata "Three Essentials".

1. Choose a good place: the ideal cultivation place should be warm and humid, not cold, dry or flooded. Generally, it is cultivated in wild wasteland, forest gap, shady slope and sandy soil, and indoor, basement, cave dwelling, courtyard and lianas can be fully cultivated. In short, an environment suitable for the growth of gastrodia elata can be artificially created, and gastrodia elata can be planted in any area.

2. Scientific management: Gastrodia elata planting technology is relatively simple, and you can learn basic operations with different educational levels. After planting gastrodia elata, it is only the management of humidity and temperature. However, scientific management should be adhered to, and the specific cultivation management is as follows: First, the site soil should maintain a certain water content, and it should be watered in time during drought; Secondly, the temperature in the breeding bed (pond) is not higher than 28℃; Third, control humidity, and clear ditches and drain water on rainy days; Finally, build a shade shed to avoid high temperature rot.

3. Timely harvesting: Practice has proved that timely harvesting is a very important link, but it is often easily overlooked in gastrodia elata planting, which eventually leads to the occurrence of "hollow hemp" and other situations; Gastrodia elata cultivated after June 165438+ 10 must be harvested for one year. For those cultivated in spring, it is not necessary to postpone the harvest time, so as not to cause rotten hemp and moth-eaten. If bolting occurs, it will have no commodity value.

disease control

Mildew: ① Select shady mountain and shady place with trees, and cultivate Gastrodia elata in sandy loam with good water permeability and air permeability. (2) When cultivating fungus materials or planting gastrodia elata, once the fungus sticks infected by miscellaneous bacteria are found, they should be removed in time. Scrape off the miscellaneous bacteria in light cases and expose them to the sun for 1-2 days, and discard them in heavy cases. ③ When cultivating Gastrodia elata and Armillaria mellea, the gaps between the fungus materials should be filled with sand, otherwise the remaining gaps will accumulate water when it rains, which will easily lead to miscellaneous bacteria. (4) When planting, the amount of fungus materials should be appropriately increased to promote the vigorous growth of Armillaria mellea, form dominant flora and inhibit the growth of miscellaneous bacteria. ⑤ Carbendazim or potassium permanganate solution can be used to disinfect Armillaria mellea to prevent mixed bacteria infection. Rot: ① White hemp or rice hemp with intact individuals, fresh yellow and white color and no diseases and insect pests are selected as seed hemp, so as to prevent bumping and insolation during mining, transportation and planting. ② Pay attention to the adjustment of temperature and humidity to create the best conditions for the growth of Armillaria mellea, thus inhibiting the reproduction of miscellaneous bacteria. Armillaria mellea can grow normally at 6-30℃, and the optimum temperature is 18-25℃. It will stop growing when it exceeds 30℃, and it will grow best when the air relative humidity is 80-90% and the soil water content is 50-55%. ③ It is best to pile up, disinfect and dry the culture materials for cultivating Gastrodia elata, so as to kill the insects, pupae and miscellaneous bacteria inside and reduce the harm. Sunburn: This is a physiological disease, which mainly affects the growth of aboveground parts. The stem turns black because it is easily exposed to sunlight. Especially in rainy days, after being infected with mold, the affected part fell down and died. Therefore, before gastrodia elata was unearthed, it was necessary to build a shed to shade the sun. Pest control: Gryphon can dig vertical and horizontal tunnels in the soil layer of Tianma pit and eat gastrodia elata in its mouth. 0.5 kg of 50% chlordane and 25 kg of wheat bran can be sauteed, mixed with 7.5 kg of water and sprinkled on the surface of gastrodia elata pit as bait to poison it at night. Grubs, commonly known as "ground silkworms" and "scarabs", often eat gastrodia elata in the pit mouth, making it empty. Trichlorfon can be ground with honey and put on a plate for trapping and killing, or the sweet potato can be cut into matchbox size, soaked in 0.2% 40% dimethoate solution for 12- 14 hours, stirred for 1 time, then soaked for 10 hour, taken out and dried for later use, and put in each cellar for 3-0 hours when poisoned. Children should be prevented from eating toxic potatoes by mistake when they are dry, stored and placed in the sun. Ants: Insecticide can be used to kill ants. At the same time, epithelium and aggregate can be buried near gastrodia elata, which is infested by ants. After 2 days, it can be pulled out and poured with boiling water when ants gather. When planting gastrodia elata, we should do a good job in termite control. 3% chlorzophos Mi Le granules can be mixed with fine soil, with the dosage of 2.5-3 kg per mu in the field and about 65,438+0 kg per hole in the cellar. It can also be controlled by chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos and chlorpyrifos. Aphids: Gastrodia elata can be sprayed with 40% dimethoate emulsion 2000 times to control aphids. Rodent damage: 0.005% bromadiolone, 0.005% chlorpheniramine or 0.02% rat poison bait can be diluted with water and mixed with fresh rice and wheat. , and placed near the pockmark for poisoning.

Question 4: What are the conditions for planting Gastrodia elata? Key points of high-yield cultivation techniques of gastrodia elata.

Gastrodia elata is a perennial herb of Orchidaceae, which is mainly used as medicine by tuber and listed in China Pharmacopoeia.

Among the long-term best-selling varieties in China traditional Chinese medicine market, medicine plays an extremely important role. Except for the huge Chinese medicine.

Outside the market, it has been widely used in medicine, health care, food, beverage, fermentation, aerospace and other industries in recent years, Hong Kong, Macao,

China Gastrodia elata is imported in large quantities from Taiwan Province, Southeast Asia, Western Europe and North America, with a price of $200,000 per ton. It was carefully packaged and then ...

After China's entry into WTO, the demand for Gastrodia elata in the international Chinese medicine market will greatly increase, and the price will also increase.

According to experts' prediction, the planting area and output of Gastrodia elata in China will increase for a long time to come.

The quantity will not be as large as that of Pleurotus ostreatus, Lentinus edodes and Flammulina velutipes, and the price will naturally not fall in the long run.

According to the figures released by the State General Administration of Medicine, the annual output of Gastrodia elata in China is about 500,000 kilograms, and the annual demand is 750,000.

Kg, the sales trend is greater than the supply. The main points of high-yield cultivation techniques of gastrodia elata are introduced as follows:

First, cultivate high-quality and robust bacterial materials.

First, we should choose high-quality and robust Armillaria mellea, which has the characteristics of "three highs and three innovations". That is, high survival rate,

High germination rate and high yield; New bacteria, new hemp seeds, new methods.

Secondly, it is necessary to select and manufacture wooden blocks for cultivating bacteria. Using black sheep, oak, cork oak, chestnut and cork oak

It is best to use trees of FAGACEAE with equal brightness, with a diameter of 6- 15 cm and a diameter greater than 10 cm.

Cut a small mouth every 4-5 inches with a knife and axe.

Third, we should pay attention to training methods. That is, heap culture, pit culture and semi-pit culture should be used, and the inoculation amount should be appropriate

Yes, at the same time, you should always check, water and pay attention to ventilation during the cultivation period. The culture temperature was kept at 65438 05℃

By the way, the water content of auricularia auricula is about 80%, and it will mature in 2-4 months.

Fourth, we should choose a good fungus material. The characteristics of high-quality bacteria are: ① the wood is hard and not easy to rot; ② bacteria

Filaments grow vigorously, with white growth points at the top and evenly distributed hyphae; ③ The bacteria are fresh and not rotten. pay attention to

Fungi with bacteriocin blackening cannot be used for culture.

Second, choose cannabis seeds and websites.

It is best to use white hemp for cultivation, and the individual should be intact, with a single weight of 20-50g.

Suitable. Cannabis rice can also be used as seeds, with few seeds and fast reproduction, but late harvest. Gastrodia elata used as seeds should be stored.

Hidden in the basement or in the shade, the ground temperature should not be higher than 15℃, otherwise it will germinate. When transporting, collision must be prevented.

Injury, but also to prevent glare.

The ideal place should be warm and humid, not cold and dry. Generally, it is a wasteland in the forest gap, and the sand is relatively slow.

Slopes with sparse shadows. You can also make full use of indoors, basements, caves, courtyards, front and back of houses,

Woody and lianas can be cultivated in covered open space, and each field can be dug with six pits, and each pit can be planted with three layers.

Dry goods 17-20kg. You can also use * * *, short sticks, fine wood, and artificial creation can adapt to any area.

New planting methods such as climate and environment.

Third, determine the appropriate sowing date.

The cultivation techniques of Gastrodia elata are more difficult to master than Pleurotus ostreatus, Flammulina velutipes and Auricularia auricula, but compared with Pleurotus ostreatus,

It is much easier in technology and technology, and you can learn with or without professional skills. tall gastrodia

After sowing, it is only the management of humidity and temperature, and the labor intensity is low. General housing, air defense facilities, large-scale

Sheds, open spaces and workshops can all be used for farming, and the needed sand, branches, sticks and leaves are easy to obtain.

To the material. There are many cultivation methods, such as pots, boxes, baskets, bedsteads and floors. Asexual cultivation

Training every year 1 1 to may; Sexual cultivation is carried out from April to June every year, and the national climate temperature difference is large, but due to the geographical system,

Suitable for cultivation, men, women and children can go into battle.

Vegetative planting 1 m2 gastrodia elata requires 15 kg of tree sticks, 20 kg of sand and sawdust, 2-

-3 bottles, 0.3kg of rice hemp and 0.75kg of white hemp. After 6 months, finished hemp and hemp were produced per square meter.

Cannabis is about 15kg, which is worth 400 yuan. Sexual cultivation, put 10 capsules per square meter, and 2-3 bottles of Armillaria mellea.

Two bottles of germinating bacteria, 0/5 kg of tree sticks/kloc-and 20 kg of sawdust (or cotton husk and corncob) can be harvested in six months.

Zero generation rice and hemp value 500 yuan. Cannabis seeds and fungi that are asexual and sexually propagated in the same year can be used in the next year.

Planting seeds, no longer buying cannabis seeds, can only reduce expenses by 80%.

Gastrodia elata is mainly planted in winter, and it is also planted in Kechun. It is best to sow in winter when the temperature is 15℃, which is too early ... >>

Question 5: What kind of environment is gastrodia elata suitable for planting? Gastrodia elata is a medicinal plant growing in high altitude areas, and the wild people are mostly distributed in mountainous areas with high altitude. In southwest China, Sichuan, Yunnan, Shaanxi and Hubei generally grow in mountainous areas with an altitude of 800 ~ 2500m, while wild gastrodia elata in Jilin Province is mostly distributed in alpine areas with an altitude of 500 ~1000 m. The vertical distribution of gastrodia elata is related to climatic conditions, and the climatic characteristics in mountainous areas are: cold and humid in summer and thick snow in winter. Gastrodia elata litter has a thick layer and a large ground coverage area, so it is not easy to be threatened by freezing injury. The vertical distribution of gastrodia elata brings some difficulties to artificial cultivation. It is necessary to simulate and create climatic conditions in alpine areas to meet the needs of gastrodia elata growth and development, and artificial cultivation can be successful.

Question 6: How long does it take to harvest gastrodia elata?

Under the condition of artificial cultivation, it takes about 3 years for Gastrodia elata to complete a growth cycle. Its growth process is basically like this. From June 165438+ 10 to February of the following year, gastrodia elata seeds are mature in late June, and should be sown within one week. Please note that gastrodia elata seed and hemp seed are two concepts in production. The former refers to cutting hemp into sections, growing aboveground stems with spikes on them, and pollinating tiny seeds; The latter refers to rice hemp or hemp rice, that is, gastrodia elata. Gastrodia elata germinates about 15 days after planting and sowing, and can grow into hemp seeds at 1 1 that year. After about 8- 12 months, hemp seed became an arrow hemp in this year's10-1month. In the spring and summer of the third year, the arrowhead bolts and blooms, and then forms seeds after pollination, thus completing a growth cycle.

However, in actual production, most cannabis seeds are bought and sown, and the result of this is that it becomes a growth cycle every year. Strictly speaking, this statement is wrong, but it is also possible to use it as a conventional statement in actual production. The growth period of Gastrodia elata is actually only 2 10 days (March-September), and the other is hibernation.

Question 7: What wild gastrodia elata is planted artificially? Modern medical research has confirmed that Gastrodia elata has the functions of sedation, lowering blood pressure, increasing coronary blood flow, promoting cerebral blood flow, reducing cerebrovascular resistance, increasing hypoxia tolerance and protecting myocardial ischemia. Gastrodia elata has a good effect on vertigo caused by many reasons, and also on hypertension and neurasthenia in the elderly, among which wild Gastrodia elata is the most effective. First, due to the influence of the external environment, the size of wild gastrodia elata is not as large as that of artificial cultivation, nor is it uniform. Secondly, because the wild gastrodia elata grows in the jungle soil with more humic substances, most of them have black "skin" and no artificial appearance. Thirdly, wild gastrodia elata contains more medicinal components, namely gastrodin and gastrodin ether glycoside vanillol. . . . Its special fragrance is unmatched by artificial cultivation, especially in the persistence of odor. After ordinary gastrodia elata is put on the counter for a period of time, it is basically tasteless, while wild gastrodia elata is different. Even if it is dried for a long time, it can remain unfading for a long time.

Question 8: How to plant Gastrodia elata? What kind of soil does it need to grow gastrodia elata? 1. Select suitable tree species to cultivate Armillaria mellea. Gastrodia elata can be cultivated in FAGACEAE, betulaceae, Rosaceae, Leguminosae and other tree species without aromatic oil. Among them, oak, birch, watermelon, cherry, acacia and Toona sinensis are better. Armillaria mellea should be cultivated 2 ~ 3 months in advance in winter, and a fixed Armillaria bed should be built; Armillaria materials for spring planting should be built in September ~ 65438+1October. Cutting time of trees: during the winter solstice, after the trees are cut and broken, they will be cultivated in the cellar for 20-30 days, and can be cultivated in the cellar from June to September. 2. The dosage of Armillaria species and Armillaria material is 2 bottles per square meter. The amount of Armillaria mellea fungus is 6-8 coarse fungus materials per square meter (6- 12 cm in diameter and 50 cm in length) and weighs 25-30kg. There are 5 ~ 8 bacterial materials (2 ~ 5cm in diameter and 10cm in length) weighing about 6kg. 3. The characteristics of the sown Gastrodia elata variety 1 are biased towards the female parent, that is, the main characteristics are similar to those of Gastrodia elata, and the outstanding point is that the seed Gastrodia elata has poor meristematic ability. In production, the first generation of sexual hybrid hemp has the best cultivation effect, followed by the first and second generations of asexual hybrid hemp, and there is almost no separation of white and rice hemp seeds after three generations of cultivation. When sowing, put the seed hemp near the fungus material, 6 seed hemp on one fungus material, 4 in the middle of the fungus material, 1 at both ends. The dosage of seeds is about per square meter 1 kg, and the seeds of white and rice hemp are about 40 ~ 50. Both hole sowing and line sowing can be done. The cultivation depth is about 15cm. When the cultivation hole is covered with soil, it should be covered and filled with fine soil. There is no gap between the seed hemp and the soil, between the fungus material and the fungus branch and the soil. The cultivation holes are covered with deciduous broad-leaved trees, thatch, rice straw, corn stalk, etc., and the covering thickness is 2 ~ 3 cm. Then open the drain pipe. 4. Tian Tuan management

(1) Use plastic film to keep warm in winter and early spring. The temperature of the soil layer below 10 cm in the cave should be kept at 0℃ ~ 5℃. In July, August and September, it must be adjusted with plastic film or shade shed to control the temperature within 26℃.

(2) Moisture management: 12 ~ 3 months, humidity control and frost prevention, soil moisture content is 30%, just look at the water content. Increase moisture to promote growth from April to June, and the soil moisture content is 60% ~ 70%, which can be dispersed when held in your hand. From July to August, the humidity and temperature decrease, and the soil moisture content is about 60%. From September to 65438+ 10, control water and inhibit bacteria. The soil moisture content is about 50%, and it will be slightly caked when held in your hand, and then it will be scattered when gently rubbed. 1 1 month, the soil moisture content is about 30%, and it is dry and loose. At the same time, pay attention to weeding and insect prevention during the growing season. 5. Harvesting areas below the altitude of1200m should be excavated after the first frost. When excavating, it should be carried out when the weather is clear and the soil is cool. It is forbidden to excavate in rainy days or after rainy days 1 ~ 2 days. When digging, two kinds of baskets and boxes should be prepared, one for planting marijuana and the other for commercial marijuana. Seed hemp should be sown or transported and stored in time as required, and commercial hemp should also be processed and dried in time. Gastrodia elata belongs to Armillaria species and should be sold on Taobao.

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