Traditional Culture Encyclopedia - Weather inquiry - Geographical environment of Tianzhu Mountain National Forest Park
Geographical environment of Tianzhu Mountain National Forest Park
The geological survey in Shangluo shows that billions of years ago, there was an ancient trough extending from east to west between Yangshan and Shangxian. After several crustal ups and downs, it gradually rose into a uplift, forming a long ridge that runs through the east and west. The geological structure is called Taigu uplift. Later, the ancient Qinling Mountains began to uplift, and its two sides slowly sank, sinking, and the area from Gaoba, Sehe to Fengzhen became a woven groove. Hundreds of millions of years later, due to the action of the earth's crust, it began to uplift again and gradually integrated with the Archean uplift. With the Yanshan movement, the Archean and Proterozoic lands in the north of Shangluo rose steep and towering mountains, and the south and west sank into the sea again. This Paleozoic sea was distributed from Xianghe to the south of Nakamura in the early stage. Later, due to the uplift of the site to the east and the depression of the north to the south, the last sea area, such as Tianzhu Mountain to the west of Nankuanping and Gaoba to the south of Sehe River, was formed. About 200 million years ago, after the strong Indosinian crustal movement, these sedimentary areas began to rise again, and the seawater finally withdrew. Controlled by east-west and northwest-southeast structural faults, it developed into ridge and valley structural landforms. At the end of Mesozoic, the geological structure was basically finalized. Since Tertiary and Quaternary, the neotectonic movement has inherited the old tectonic framework and has the characteristics of intermittent block differentiation movement. At the same time, it has suffered from long-term weathering, denudation and river cutting, and gradually formed a mountainous landform with complex structure, overlapping hills and deep canyons.
Tianzhu Mountain Forest Park, located on the southern slope of Qinling Mountain, is an important part of Stork Ridge. Geological structures are Variscan fold belt and Indosinian fold belt. Slate-Rebecca is a revived fault zone. Due to the uplift of the plate, an east-west supporting beam is formed on the south side of the fault zone, which is almost parallel to the main ridge of Guling. Tianzhu Mountain Forest Park includes most of the supporting beams. The terrain is steep in the north and gentle in the south. The mountains are steep and steep, and the momentum is magnificent and abrupt. The relative height difference is about 1000 meters, and the highest elevation of Tianzhu Mountain is 2074.7 meters, which is the highest peak in Shanyang County. The large-scale terrain belongs to the mountains in the Qinling Mountains. The main strata in the territory are sedimentary facies, mainly limestone, and slate, shale and phyllite appear in some areas.
The soil is mainly brown soil and yellow brown soil, and the vertical distribution law is obvious. The yellow brown soil is below the altitude of 1400 meters. There are brown soil and carbonate brown soil between1400-2000m above sea level. The thickness of soil layers varies. Generally, the soil layer on platforms, terraces and ditches is deep, and the soil layer on steep slopes is thin. The PH value is 5.5-6.5, and the reaction is moderately to weakly acidic. The soil is soft and fertile. The lowest elevation of the peak is1255m, and the highest elevation is 2074.4m.. This mountain has seven opposite peaks. The main peaks are Dading Mountain in the north, TieZhongPing in the east, Hongchiliang in the south and Songshudang in the west.
Beifeng is the main peak, with an altitude of 2074 meters. A pillar rises abruptly from the top of the mountain, more than 200 meters high and more than 300 meters around. Shaped like a bamboo joint, the column shows strange stones. Gu Song hangs upside down, facing the fog, and the fog won't disperse. [2]
Four stools, Tianzhu Mountain (Tianzhu Mountain) from Bancang west to southwest, protruding four peaks, in a cascade arrangement, east-west, the elevation of the main stool is 1729 meters, and there are dense trees in the mountain.
Double rockhopper, in the west of Biantouxi, north-south trend, elevation 1985 meters. This mountain is magnificent, with two peaks at the top and a protruding mouth like a rockhopper.
The Great Paradise is located 9 kilometers southwest of Biantouxi, with the main peak 1488 meters. The mountains are steep, the roads are rugged, the peanut trees are mixed, and the scenery is beautiful, so it is called "Great Paradise".
Dujiashan, 3 kilometers northeast of Songping Township, is 1 120 meters above sea level, with steep mountain walls and difficult climbing. (The above five mountains belong to the south branch of Tianzhu Mountain, which is the watershed between Liangcha River and Jianhe River. The forest vegetation of Tianzhu Mountain Forest Park belongs to the mountainous subtropical coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest belt. According to the appearance, species composition, community composition, community structure and environmental characteristics of plant communities, the vegetation in forest parks can be divided into three types: coniferous forest, deciduous broad-leaved forest and mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forest. The vegetation in forest park can show obvious vertical band spectrum from low altitude to high altitude and from bottom to top:
(1) Evergreen broad-leaved forest belt is distributed in the valley area at an altitude of 700 meters, where not only plants in the north subtropical zone and the middle subtropical zone grow, but also evergreen broad-leaved forest in the south. The main tree species are tung tree, cypress, camellia oleifera, osmanthus, ginkgo, plantain, loquat, citrus, grapefruit, palm, tea tree and camphor tree. And Chinese fir forests and bamboo forests. Deciduous broad-leaved trees include Indus, Paulownia, Liquidambar formosana, Toona sinensis, Quercus variabilis, Mulberry and so on. Shrubs such as Ligustrum lucidum and Holly can grow into small trees.
(2) The Quercus variabilis forest belt is distributed in the mountainous area between 800-1500m above sea level. The main constructive species are Quercus variabilis and Pinus tabulaeformis. Other deciduous broad-leaved trees include poplar, willow, elm, Sophora japonica, sorbus, mulberry, persimmon, chestnut, paulownia, Gleditsia sinensis, Pistacia chinensis, Ligustrum lucidum and Fraxinus mandshurica. Pinus tabulaeformis is quite common, often forming a mixed forest of pine and oak.
(3) Pinus armandii and Quercus acutissima forest belts are mainly distributed in the deep mountains with an altitude of1500-2000m. The dominant species are Pinus armandii, Quercus acutissima and Populus davidiana. Other trees include Pinus bungeana, Tilia amurensis, sumac, maple and Toona sinensis. The undergrowth shrubs and herbs include Pinus tabulaeformis, Fructus Forsythiae, Berberis, Bupleuri Radix, Flos Chrysanthemi Indici and Asparagus. There are more than 800 hectares of Pinus armandii pure forest at the main peak of Tianzhu Mountain, with an average elevation of 10 m, an average DBH of about 26 cm and an average tree age of about 30 years. This is rare in the natural forest distribution area of the whole province, and it has high protection value and scientific research value. In addition, due to the steep slope and thin soil layer, there are shrubs in a large area in the rocky mountainous area of Tianzhu Mountain. Shrubs mainly include: rose, sorbus, hexapod, Viburnum, green leaves, rhododendron, honeysuckle, Daphne giraldii, pine and bamboo. Herbs are: Leymus chinensis, Artemisia, Erigeron breviscapus, Carex, Aralia grandiflora, Adiantum, Cimicifuga, etc. Tianzhu Xiao Mo is one of the eight scenic spots in Yangshan, and it is an excellent place in the natural landscape of Tianzhu Mountain. When you come to the cliff on the north side of Beifeng Dading, you can see a natural stone pillar rising like a giant column. The cylinder is round, nearly 300 meters high. "Shanyang County Records" contains: "It looks like a fairy in Penglai, crowned with blue smoke, covered with Xia Zi, red neon, frosted arms, and sucking the Milky Way in its mouth, as if the sky is held high by mountains." Tianzhu Peak is like a giant, like a candle, like a bamboo shoot, like Tianzhu, with its head held high, tall and stalwart, Gu Song hanging upside down, shrouded in clouds, with extraordinary momentum and spectacular appearance. Mr. Chen Luzhai, a juren in the late Qing Dynasty, wrote the poem Tianzhu Xiao Mo:
Pull out the haze in Wan Li, and the sky looks like a strange peak.
Hanging rocks are suspicious of wind and rain, and extreme wind and rain turn to Xia Dong.
Liezi Sun Yusun, help Furong.
Who has repaired Xianyuan? The bell of the ancient temple came from the underworld.
This poem vividly depicts "the sky is full of clouds", highlights the height of Tianzhu Mountain-picking the stars by hand, the wonders of Tianzhu Mountain-and integrates the different scenery and temperature difference between mountains into poetic description. As the name implies, the width and slope of the beam top can be imagined to what extent. In the past, only a few bold explorers could come here when the plank road of the knife back beam was not repaired. This is definitely walking on thin ice. Be careful. The beam on the back of the knife is only 100 meter long, facing the cliff on the left and the precipice on the right. The front is empty, and the narrowest part at the top is not too wide. The cliff on the right is not for tourists to look down, but it feels shaky. Because the cliff is vertical, if you want to turn around, you are also worried that a gust of wind will blow you into the abyss. Now, the plank road has been built on the cliff of the knife back beam, and the plank road has been climbed, and the foot is volley; At the back beam of the climbing knife, the plank road supported at the narrowest part is only one-fifth of the width, and most of them are erected in the air. Tourists also walk in the air and in the fog. How do you feel?
At the front end of the back beam of the knife, there is a Lingyun Pavilion. Lingyun Lingyun, tourists have been above Xiangyun, overlooking the sea of clouds on cloudy days; When there is no cloud, you can see thousands of miles away Look at the size of Tianzhu here, it is close at hand and within reach. As the saying goes, it is a fairy to break through all the valleys; It is not a hero to dare to look at the stars and the moon for nine days without reaching the sky. This is also the best angle for taking pictures. The horizontal distance of Tianzhu Mountain cableway is 1, 749.8m, the inclined length is 1, 935.4m, and the height difference is 827m. At present, it is the scenic cableway with the highest vertical drop and the longest route in Shaanxi Province, and has the reputation of "the first cableway in the northwest".
The Tianzhu Mountain Passenger Cableway invested and built by Shaanxi Hong Rui Tourism Development Co., Ltd. was officially put into operation in Tianzhu Mountain Scenic Area, with an investment of more than 90 million yuan. It is a single-line circulating six-person hanging box passenger ropeway, and its equipment quality and technical level are leading in the country. The key parts of the ropeway, such as wire rope, reducer, cable clamp and main control electrical appliance, are all imported. The one-way operation lasts for 6.6 minutes, and the one-way transportation capacity is 800 people/hour, and the daily transportation of tourists can reach more than 10000 people. The whole system is controlled by computer.
The highest altitude of Tianzhu Mountain is 2074 meters, and the relative height difference exceeds 1.200 meters. It takes more than 1200 steps to walk from the foot of Tianzhu Mountain to the top of the mountain, and it takes about four or five hours, which makes some tourists daunting. The opening of the Tianzhu Mountain cableway provides an easy way to climb the mountain, which greatly facilitates tourists to visit Tianzhu Mountain and allows more tourists to easily climb the top of Tianzhu Mountain and enjoy the beautiful scenery of Tianzhu Mountain.
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