The weather is two thunderbolts.

Summer is coming and thunderstorms are frequent. Thunderstorms accompanied by thunder and lightning are frightening. Many people want to know why thunderstorms and lightning occur. The following is the cause of lightning for you, I hope it will be useful to you.

Thunderstorms often occur in summer, and when it rains, lightning and thunder are earth-shattering. We know that when the electric field between the positive and negative charge areas in a thunderstorm cloud is large enough, the two charges will be neutralized to generate sparks, and strong light will be generated during the spark discharge, which is lightning. High temperature is generated in the path of light, which makes the surrounding air suddenly expand due to intense heating, and cloud droplets suddenly vaporize and expand due to high temperature, making a huge noise. This is thunder.

Lightning and thunder happen at the same time, so why do we always see lightning first and then hear thunder? This is because light travels much faster than sound. Sound is only 340 meters per second in the air, while the speed of light propagation in the air is 300,000 kilometers per second, which is 900,000 times the speed of sound! Generally, the time for light to travel from the place where lightning occurs to the ground is only a few hundred thousandths of a second, but it takes a long time for sound to run this distance. So, you will see lightning first and then hear thunder.

The Formation of Lightning When the sky is overcast and Lei Yun is developing rapidly, suddenly a dazzling flash cuts through the sky, followed by a deafening noise. This is lightning and thunder, also known as lightning. Thunder is an atmospheric acoustic phenomenon, a sound wave formed by a shock wave generated by a strong explosion in a small area of the atmosphere, while lightning is a spark discharge phenomenon in the atmosphere.

Lightning and thunder occur at the same time, but their propagation speeds in the atmosphere are very different, so people always see lightning first and then hear thunder. Light can travel 300 thousand kilometers per second, while sound can only travel 340 meters. According to this phenomenon, we can calculate the distance from when we see lightning to when we hear thunder. If lightning is in the northwest and thunder is heard every 10 second, it means that this thunderstorm is about 3400 meters away from us.

Lightning usually occurs when there are thunderstorm clouds, and occasionally occurs during thunderstorms, nimbostratus, sandstorms and volcanic eruptions. The most common form of lightning is linear lightning, and occasionally there are strip, spherical, linear spherical, dendritic and arrow lightning. Linear lightning can be generated in clouds, between clouds and between clouds, among which the lightning in clouds and between clouds is the most, and the lightning between clouds and between clouds accounts for only one sixth, but it is the most harmful to human beings.

As we all know, thunder is the most common weather phenomenon in hot summer, while snow is the most common weather phenomenon in cold winter. This is a weather phenomenon in two completely different seasons. How did they show up together?

Thunder requires that the atmospheric stratification is very unstable, strong convection occurs, and there are thunderstorm clouds in the sky. This is easy to achieve in summer because of the strong solar radiation and high ground temperature. When it snows, the atmospheric temperature is required to be low, especially the temperature of clouds in the sky should be below 0℃. Obviously, the low temperature in winter is relatively easy to achieve. It is precisely because of the low temperature that it is not easy to form strong convection that it seldom thunders in winter. Of course, if, for some reason, both strong convection and low temperature are met, there may be snowfall and thunder.

The weather conditions of snow and thunder in winter are generally: a few days before the incident, the local temperature is often above 0℃ and the humidity is high. On the day of the incident, strong cold air affected the local area. When strong cold air comes into contact with relatively warm and humid air near the ground, the light warm and humid air is violently lifted, resulting in unstable stratification and thunderstorm clouds. The temperature of thunderstorm clouds generated by lifting is below 0℃, so there will be weather phenomena of snow and thunder.

Practice in thunderstorm 1. In thunderstorm weather, it is best to turn off all power supplies at home, do not use electrical appliances, and close doors and windows; Try not to make phone calls, listen to the radio or watch TV; Keep away from doors, windows, heaters, stoves and chimneys. Try to stay away from power lines and telephone lines. I don't have anything made of metal on me, such as a knife and nail clippers.

Two, away from the lightning rod of the building, away from all kinds of antennas, poles, towers, chimneys, flagpoles, tractors, motorcycles, etc. These are very dangerous when lightning happens and should be left as soon as possible. Don't pull the wire for drying clothes to the window or door, in case the wire leads to lightning.

Third, when there is lightning, people should quickly go to dry places to shelter from the rain, and can temporarily hide under rocks or caves; Don't touch metal objects, don't take shelter from the rain under big trees, don't stay by the water and ponds, don't fly kites and other outdoor activities, don't ride bicycles and answer mobile phones.

Four, before being struck by lightning, people will suddenly feel hair stand up or skin trembling. At this time, they should lie flat on the ground immediately, or choose to squat down in a low-lying place, with their feet together, their arms crossed and their heads down to minimize the exposed surface.