The full text of Fan Sheng Zhi's agricultural books

The root of all farming lies in the interest in time and soil, the work of manure, and early weeding and early harvest.

Spring freezes, the earth and air begin to flow, and the soil is reconciled. On the solstice of summer, the weather began to get hot, Yin Qi began to flourish, and the soil began to melt. From summer to ninety days later, day and night, heaven and earth are in harmony. At this time, farming, one and five, called cream, takes time.

In spring, the atmosphere is good, and hard and solid black ridge soil can be cultivated. Only by leveling its blocks can grass be planted, and the grass will be cultivated. If it rains, re-cultivate. Don't wait for it. The so-called strong soil is weak.

In spring, the air begins to flow: the wood is two inches long and buried underground. See the second inch: After beginning of spring, the clods are scattered and there are no branches on them, so Chen Gen can pull it out. At this time, 20 days later, Taiping went, that is, Tugang. Plow the land at this time, one and four. Taking goodness as a practice, four is not one.

Apricot trees are beginning to flourish, so it is necessary to cultivate light soil and weak soil. I hope that the apricot blossoms will fall and return to farming. Cultivate it. Grass is long, rain is heavy, and ploughing is heavy. If the soil is light, practice with cattle and sheep. So the soil is very strong. This is called weak soil and strong soil.

If the air does not flow in spring, the soil calendar is not suitable, and it is not suitable for crop growth at the end of the year. Be careful not to plow in dry land. The grass must be long, if it can be cultivated, if it rains, the soil will be close. The only child is Miao, and the grass is dirty and rotten. All this is on Cheng. This plow has become five. If you don't do this, you will fail if you do farm work and lump the seedlings that come out of the same hole. Autumn ploughing without rain is absolutely rustic and the soil is solid, so it is called pulling fields. And winter ploughing, draining shade and boring soil are called preserved fields. Both reserved fields and reserved fields hurt fields. You can't afford to buy crops at the age of two, so you should stop at the age of two.

Wheat fields are often cultivated in May, then in June, and then in July, so please level the wheat fields before planting. Plowing in May, three people work. Plow in June, once again. If you plow in July, five is not one.

When it rains and snows in winter, hurry up and cover the snow, so as not to be blown away by the wind; Will recover after snow; Then beginning of spring will protect Ze, the frozen insects will die and plant crops next year.

With the sum of time and the convenience of geographical location, although the field is thin and evil, it can receive ten stones and one mu. Lead a horse to eat a few mouthfuls on the grain pile, and use Majian as a seed. There are no gnats, and I am tired of them.

A kind of dampness and stagnation of heat will cause insects.

Take the wheat seeds and you can get them when they are ripe. Choose big and strong ears, cut off the high dryness in the position and expose them to make them extremely dry. Without order, there are white fish, so it is necessary to raise them. Hide the dried wormwood, wheat and stones, and wormwood; Hidden in pottery and bamboo. If you plant in time, you will get a steady income.

Take the seed, choose the tall one, cut a section, hang it high to dry, and the seedling will not be defeated.

If you want to know the right age, fill the bags with millet and other seeds, and bury them in the shade. Fifty days after winter, the amount was issued on the solstice. Most interested, 18 years old is suitable.

People who eat peaches are blamed. If you can't dung in a thin field, if the silkworm grows whole grains, the whole grains will not worm.

Another horse bone files one stone, three stones are added with water, and three are boiled; Drain me and soak five pieces of aconite in juice; On the third and fourth days, the aconite was removed, and the juice was divided equally with the silkworm medium to make the hole as thick as porridge. When you plant it for 20 days, it will be like wheat and rice. When it is often dried, it will dry; Thin cloth dries easily. Come back tomorrow. Don't do it if it rains. It stops at six or seven o'clock. Don't expose it, don't hide it, don't get it wet again. When you can plant it, plant it with the remaining juice. Then the grain is not a locust. Without horse bones, you can also use the essence of snow juice, snow juice and grain to make crops drought-resistant. Snow juice is usually stored in winter, and the container is buried underground. If you treat this kind of seed, you will get continuous growth.

Take an examination of Mei Tian, he wants 19 stones, he wants 13 stones, he wants 10 stones, Yin wants to choose subtraction, and Shennong wants to add bone juice and dung juice. File a bucket of horse bones, cattle, sheep, pigs and elk bones, use three buckets of snow juice and cook for three times. Soak aconite in juice, draw a bucket of juice and five aconites, and soak for the fifth day to remove aconite. The elk and the sheep are divided equally. When cooked, paddle in the juice. Hou's, exposed again, looks like Hou's discipline, and all the juice is dry. If there is no bone, make pupa juice and arrowhead. In this way, if planted locally and watered during drought, the yield per mu can reach 100, which is ten times that of Hou Ji. Horse silkworm is the first insect, and aconite protects crops from locust plague; Bone juice and pupa juice are both fats, which make crops drought-tolerant, so that crops can be harvested at the end of the year. There was a drought in Tang Tang. As a regional field, Yi Yin taught people to grow manure and water crops.

You don't have to plow the field well, because manure is beautiful in the field. The Zhushan Mausoleum near the city, as well as the high-risk garbage dumps in Osaka and Qiu Cheng, can all become district fields.

Do not plough the land next to the field, and make full use of the soil.

The areas planted in this area are wasteland if the land is not treated first.

Taking mu as the rate, one mu of land is eighteen feet long and four feet eight feet wide; When it is divided into eighteen feet, it is fifteen towns; There are 14 roads between towns with a width of one foot and five inches. The town is ten feet five inches wide and four feet eight feet long. Cut a ditch in the town. The ditch is one foot deep. Soil accumulated in the ditch, one foot apart. I learned that a foot of soil accumulates, but I don't accept it. Let Hiro build two feet of soil.

Five grains and millet are planted in the ditch, with two rows in the ditch, two and a half inches on both sides, five inches in the middle and five inches on the side. A ditch holds 44 plants. A lily represents 5750 plants. When planting corn, there is an inch of land in the field, and not one inch can be allowed or reduced.

Where wheat is planted, it will be two inches apart. One row contains 52 plants. 193,550 plants. The soil on wheat is two inches thick.

The place where soybeans are planted is one foot and two inches apart. A row can hold nine plants. 106,480 plants.

The planting areas are three feet apart.

A foot away from flax.

If planted locally, it will be irrigated frequently during drought, and you will often receive 100 welcome trees.

Go to the farmer's area, six inches deep and nine inches apart. An area of 3.7 thousand mu. One thousand areas a day. In this area, 20 grains of millet and one liter of beautiful manure were planted and mixed with soil. Use two liters of seeds per mu. Autumn harvest is different from three liters of millet. Ding Nan's eldest daughter governs ten acres of land. Ten acres yield a thousand stones. Eat thirty-six stones at the age of six and support for twenty-six years.

In the middle of the farmer's area, it is nine inches square, six inches deep and two feet apart. The area per mu is 27. Plant a liter. Collect fifty-one stones of millet. Do 300 districts a day.

Going down to the farmer's area is nine inches square, six inches deep and three feet wide. The area per mu is 567. Use half a liter of seeds. Collect 28 stones. Make 200 areas a day.

Grass grows in this area. If you hoe the grass during the intermission, you should cut it. Those who can't grow seedlings will cut the grass with a sickle. There is no time to grow food, because the land is timely. It rains in March, and the highland and solid soil can grow food.

Red adzuki beans, rice and hemp, grains, millet, wheat, barley and soybeans are forbidden. It is not empty talk that all the nine valleys will die, and if they are planted without avoiding it, the damage will be even greater. If it is natural, burning millet will be harmful.

From summer to the 890th day after that, barnyard grass often waits in the middle of the night. If there is frost and dew in the sky, at dawn, the two men will hold the long rope opposite each other, each holding one end, so that the frost and dew will be removed until sunrise. In this way, crops and grains will not be harmed.

Get it quickly, and often in a hurry. There is no doubt that you will get it.

The way to harvest grain is to cut it half-cooked. Millet is hot, so is the seeder. From the first summer of solstice to the twentieth summer, as long as it rains, the fertile soil can grow millet. Three liters per acre. The heart of the millet is not born, and the rain fills its heart and hurts.

Su xinsheng is afraid of dew. Let the two men look for dew with a long rope, and the sunrise will stop.

Where millet is planted, the soil is covered and hoed, which is like grain method; Want to neglect food. Brahma has six roads, and Mai is the first one. Wheat is planted at the right time. Seventy days after the summer solstice, wheat can be planted overnight. Early planting leads to insect knot, and late planting leads to less small fruit per ear.

When planting wheat, if the weather is dry and there is no rain, blame the wheat seeds for soaking in the pulp and silkworm, soaking in the middle of the night and throwing them in the morning quickly, so that dew will show. Mat makes wheat drought-resistant, and silkworm media makes wheat cold-resistant.

Wheat is yellow. It hurts too much. A thick hoe, a thin hoe.

Use a thorn hoe and a wheat root hoe in autumn. Therefore, as the saying goes, "if a child wants to be rich, gold is not enough." Those who wear gold are called hoeing wheat in autumn and dragging firewood to curb wheat roots. In spring, it was frozen, and the thorn wood dragged it and suddenly cut off its dry leaves. The wheat must be hoed again. When you get to the elm pod, stop getting wet and wait for Tu Bai to come back and hoe the ground. If you do this, you will get twice the reward.

When the rain and snow stop in winter, just wash the wheat with something and cover its snow so as not to be blown away by the wind. After the snow, it is like this. Then wheat is drought-tolerant and productive.

Freezing in spring, ploughing soil and planting rotary wheat. Wheat roots are lush, and mang hoes are like wheat.

Growing wheat in this area is as big as that of farmers. Crops are harvested and planted. Plant an acre of land and throw two liters; Cover the soil two inches thick, enough to practice the soil to grow each other. Wheat takes root and hoes autumn grass. The edge of the wheat root was split by thorns. Autumn drought, mulberry leaves fall before watering.

Autumn rain is suitable, don't water it. Spring is freezing, thorns and firewood are self-disciplined, and their dead leaves are suddenly removed. Spade the grass and hoe it. Men and women rule ten acres. Received in May, area 100. Get more than a hundred stones, and ten acres get more than a thousand stones.

Wheat is taboo, barley is taboo, except that it is not planted on the same day. Planting rice is chilly in spring and ploughing the fields. If the rice planting area is not large, the water depth will be uncomfortable. Rice can be planted from winter to 1 10 days later. Rice is beautiful, with four liters of seeds. When rice is first planted, it needs to be warm, and there is a shortage of warm people, so the waterway is straight; It is too hot after the summer solstice, which makes the waterway go wrong.

Plant japonica rice in March and rice in April. Barnyard grass is not only comparable to floods and droughts, but also lush and easy to produce filth when various crops are not mature. Fertile land is worth twenty or thirty acres. Prepare for the year of disaster.

There is rice in the barnyard grass. When cooked, mash up the dishes. Do not reduce rice; It can also be brewed into wine. Soybean is easy to protect, and so is the reason why Yigu is preparing for a fierce year. I would like to plant soybeans and lead five acres, which is also the foundation of this field.

In March, when it rains, Takada can grow soybeans. Soil without blocks, five liters per mu; If the soil is not harmonious, it will benefit. Soybean can be planted from summer to 20 days later. Born in armor, you don't have to plow. Above the seeds, the soil will cover the ears of the beans. If you are thick, you will fold things. If you can't reach it, you will die if you succumb to the soil.

Soybeans must be flat and thin.

Tofu pudding hates to see the sun, and it turns yellow at the sight of the sun.

The way to get beans, the black stems of pods are light, and they will undoubtedly be harvested; It will actually fall, but it will lose. Therefore, beans are cooked in the ground. Taking beans in the field means that the green pods are on the top and the black pods are on the bottom.

The method of planting soybeans in this area: each ridge is six inches deep and two feet apart. One hundred is one thousand two hundred and eighty ridges. After the ridge is completed, take a liter of beauty fertilizer, mix it with the soil in the ridge and take it to the inner ridge. When you are in the field, you can lift three liters of water. Three cans of beans; Cover with soil. Don't be thick, hold it down with your palm, and let the species and the soil kiss each other. Two liters of seeds are used for one acre, and eight barrels of dung are used for twelve stones. Beans have five or six leaves, so they need to be hoed. Drought irrigation can increase three liters of water. Ding Fu alone can cure five acres. In the autumn harvest, there are sixteen stones in an acre. Adzuki beans are not bowling, which is rare.

When it gets dark, inject rain seeds, five liters per mu. Bean raw cloth leaves, hoe it; Give birth to five or six leaf hoes

Soybean adzuki bean is incurable. Those who have not healed in ancient times, beans have cloth leaves and beans have ointment. If they heal, they will hurt the ointment and the injury will not succeed. And the people try their best to govern, so their income and consumption are also discounted. Therefore, there is no cure for beans. Planting: chilly in spring, ploughing the soil. Spring grass, manure field, rehabilitation, leveling.

If the pestle is planted too early, it will be strong, thick and knotty; If it is advanced, the skin will be very weak. Better late than early. The way to get hemp is to pull it out. From summer to the twentieth day after that, shovels and shovels are as smooth as silk. Planting method: ten acres of fertile land will be cultivated in March. The work area is one foot deep. If you build it with a pestle, you can live in Ze. Take a step. Four kinds of fruits are planted in this area. A bucket of silkworm media and soil manure. Pour it, two liters of water; Re-water what you have done.

Take three realities, wipe their hearts with horses, and do not leave; More solid and detailed. Recommend it with a manuscript, there is no scar on the mother soil. Degrees can be used as a spoon or rubbed by hand. From the pedicle to the bottom, the hair is removed, and it is no longer long and thick. Under the slight frost in August, collect.

Dig a foot deep, I recommend it to you, one foot thick on one side. Put it in the hole, bottom down. Xian line, covered with three feet of soil. Sunrise on the 20th, the yellow color is good, but bad. Among them, white skin is for raising pigs and fattening; Its petals are used as candles for lighting.

One book has three realities, one area has twelve realities, one acre has two thousand eight hundred and eighty realities, and ten acres has fifty-seven thousand six hundred spoonfuls. Ten dollars, five hundred and seventy-six thousand dollars. With silkworm arrows, 200 stones were shot, and Niu Geng shot 26,000 directly. I have 550 thousand. Fat pigs and bright candles are good for the outside.

Area planting method, the seeds must be large. If you fight first, you will get a stone; He who gets one stone will get ten stones. Dig a hole first, Fiona Fang, three feet deep. Mix silkworm excrement with soil, so that the middle part is in the pit, which is enough to make it firm. Make it work with water. Ten scorpions are planted when the water is exhausted; Cover with feces before recovery. When you are born more than two feet long, you will always gather ten stems, wrap them in cloth for five inches, and then use mud. However, in a few days, the entanglement merged into a stalk. Leave the strong, I'll take care of it. Draw rattan knots. Items other than children should also be pinched off to avoid spreading. The method of raising children, the second child and the third child are not good, go; Take the fourth, fifth and sixth sons and leave three sons. When the weather is dry, you must water it. There are small ditches around the pit, which are four or five inches deep. Stop it with water, let it run away, and forbid it to into the pit water. Plant taro, with an area of three feet deep. Take the inside area of tofu brain to practice, five inches thick. Take the wet soil and manure from the area, lick it in the middle of the area, make it two inches thick, and pour it with water, which is enough to protect the ze. Take five taro and put them in the four corners and the center, and practice. Water it with drought. It sucks. Taro gives birth to children, all three feet long. Sector one received three stones.

Another taro method, it is appropriate to choose fertilizer to slowly approach water and soft fertilizer. February rain can grow taro at a speed of two feet. Taro wants to take root deeply. Give it branches to make the soil soft. If it is dry, water it. With a hoe, you never tire of counting. If you treat taro like this, your income will double. Mulberry planting method, take the fruit into water in May, that is, crush it by hand, irrigate it with water and dry it in the shade. Treat ten acres of fertile land, especially those that have not been cultivated for a long time, and cultivate it well. Plant three liters of millet and three liters of sons of God per mu. Millet mulberry, hoe, mulberry sparse tune. Xiaomi is ripe. Sang Sheng and Gao Xiaoping are in harmony. They are exposed to the dry environment because they cut the land with a sickle. Fire after the wind, often against the wind. Sangzhi Chunsheng

Eat three silkworms in an acre. Shennong's teaching, although there is Shicheng Tang Chi, costs millions of dollars, but there is no millet, so we can keep it. Fu is the life of the world. Wei Wei used to raise silkworms, but now he goes to farm and is ignored. Wei Wei is diligent, loyal to his country and caring for the people.

Farmers are lazy and diligent, and their skills are many times better.

The prince of Wu opened the dogwood ditch and transported it to Hailingcang. There is dogwood village in the north, named after the village name. Therefore, the history book says: "Qigou was opened by Fu Cha, the king of Wu, and was transported to China by water."

The author's deeds and thoughts

Fan Sheng Zhi, the author of The Book of Fan Sheng Zhi, has no biography in the official history, and there are few records about his deeds in ancient books. He was a man in the late Western Han Dynasty. According to the Records of Literature and Art in Hanshu, he served as a negotiator when Han became emperor. My ancestral home is in the flood-stricken area of Shandong. "Guang Yun" cloud volume 29 years, Pan "out of Dunhuang, Jibei two hope. Huangfu Mi said,' Fan, whose real name was disturbed by Qin, went to the flood, but changed his mind. In the Han Dynasty, there was a Fan Sheng Zhi who wrote a book about planting. His son was the prefect of Dunhuang, and later generations were concerned about the country and the people. ""The flood is a tributary of Jishui, 40 miles north of Cao Xian County, bordering Dingtao County. Although Fan Sheng Zhi was a native of Shandong, his main activity in history was to guide the agricultural production in the capital area of the Western Han Dynasty. Notes on Hanshu Yiwenzhi: "Liu Xiang's" Bielu "cloud makes Tian Sanfu a good teacher. Migration is imperial history. " "Records of Food Goods in the Book of Jin" records: "The former master was light and simple, Fan Sheng Zhi supervised three members to grow wheat, and Guan Zhong succeeded." The experience and materials he accumulated in these activities are the basis for writing agricultural books; He is also famous for his book Fan Sheng Zhi.

According to the existing materials about the Book of Fan Sheng Zhi, Fan Sheng Zhi has a prominent thought of attaching importance to agriculture. He said, "Although the teaching of Shennong has Tangchi, Stone Town, and millions of dollars, there is no millet to defend. Fugu is the life of the world. " [2] It was the knowledge of some progressive thinkers at that time to regard grain fabric as the lifeblood of the national economy and people's livelihood; The characteristic of Fan Sheng Zhi is to promote advanced agricultural science and technology as an important way to develop agricultural production. He once praised an anonymous Wei Wei: "Wei Wei used to go to the silkworm law, but now he has gone to the agricultural law." Ignoring by the people, Wei was amazed by the nature, loyal to the monarch and loving the people. [3] Here, he mentioned the advanced agricultural science and technology and the development of agricultural production to the height of "loyalty to the monarch and love for the people". It can be said that Fan Sheng Zhi was written under the guidance of this thought.