Is Yushan Town, Pengshui County, Chongqing Suitable for Growing Grapes?

Yushan Town, Pengshui County, Chongqing is not suitable for growing grapes.

Conditions for growing grapes

I. Terrain conditions

1, latitude and altitude: most vineyards in the world are located between 20-52 degrees north latitude and 30-45 degrees south latitude, and most of them are in the northern hemisphere. The altitude is generally 400-600 meters. The altitude of grapes in China varies greatly between 30 and 43 degrees north latitude, about 200-1000 m; The distribution height of Huailai grape in Hebei Province is1100m; Xu Da county is1200m; The altitude of Shannan in Tibet is over1500m. Latitude and altitude are important factors affecting temperature and heat in a large range.

2. Slope direction and gradient: Under the condition of similar terrain conditions, the microclimate of different slope directions is obviously different. Usually the slopes facing south (including due south, northwest and southeast) receive more light and heat, and the temperature is higher on weekdays. The warming effect of sloping land is closely related to its slope. Generally, every tilt to the south 1 degree is equivalent to a forward 1 latitude. The hottest tilt angle is about 20-35 degrees (within 40-50 degrees north latitude). Grape is more suitable for cultivation on sloping land than other fruit trees because it is drought-resistant and barren-resistant, and can develop roots in a relatively small range. However, the greater the slope, the more serious the soil erosion. Therefore, it is necessary to give priority to the land with a slope below 20-25 degrees when planting grapes.

3. Influence of water surface: In large water areas, such as oceans, lakes, rivers and reservoirs, due to absorbing a lot of solar radiation energy, the temperature is lower than that of land in daytime and summer, but higher than that of inland at night and winter. Therefore, the coastal climate near the water area is mild and the frost-free period is long. The vineyards near the big water surface reflect a lot of blue-violet light and ultraviolet light in the deep water, and the berries are colored and of good quality, so when choosing vineyards, try to be close to big lakes, rivers and oceans.

Second, the soil conditions

Grapes can grow in various soils, such as desert, flood plain, saline-alkali land, rocky slope and so on, but different soil conditions have different effects on the growth and fruit of grapes.

1. Soil-forming parent rock and soil core: In the soil formed by limestone or soil with lime core, grape root system develops vigorously, sugar accumulates and aromatic substances develop more, and calcium in the soil has a good influence on the quality of wine. World-famous winemaking areas are located on this land, such as Champagne and Xia Lang de Konnek. But the soil layer is thin, and there is often a gravel layer under it, which is easy to cause water leakage and fertilizer leakage.

2. Soil layer thickness and mechanical composition: Generally, the soil layer thickness of vineyards should be above 80- 100㎝. Sandy soil has strong permeability, strong radiation in summer, large soil temperature difference, high sugar content and good grape flavor, but the soil is short of organic matter and poor in moisture and fertility. Clay has poor permeability and is easy to harden. Grape has shallow roots, weak yield and poor fruit. Sometimes the output is large, but the quality is poor. Generally speaking, grapes should not be planted on heavy clay. High-quality grapes can be planted on gravelly soil, such as gravelly Gobi soil in Lufan Basin, Xinjiang (gravel and sand are above 80%). After improvement, the grapes grow well.

3. Groundwater level: Grapes grow in moist soil and produce good fruits. Groundwater level has an influence on soil moisture, and the soil with low groundwater level has poor water storage capacity; The soil with high groundwater level and close to the ground is not suitable for growing grapes. The suitable groundwater level should be below1.5-2m. Under the condition of good drainage, grapes can grow and bear fruit well in the soil where the groundwater level is 0.7- 1 m above the ground.

4. Soil chemical composition: It is of great significance to the nutrition of grape plants. Generally speaking, grapes grow well in a slightly acidic environment with a PH of 6-6.5. In the soil with too strong acidity (pH close to 4), the growth is obviously poor, and in the soil with relatively strong alkalinity (pH 8.3-8.7), yellow leaf disease begins to appear. Therefore, the soil with too large or too small acidity needs to be improved before grapes can be planted. In addition, grapes are salt-tolerant plants in fruit trees and can grow well in places where apple, pear and other fruit trees can't grow.

Third, climate factors.

It is the main index of grape variety division. The French believe that only grapes planted in specific soil can produce world famous wines with unique flavor. However, for the vast grape producing areas in the world, this situation of dividing grape regions by soil is not universal and absolute. The factors affecting the quality of grapes and wine are comprehensive. Only in most cases, climate often plays a leading role in the growth of grapes and the quality of wine. Climate has become the most important and active factor among many factors. Meteorological conditions such as illumination, measurement and precipitation are all necessary conditions for grape growth and fruiting, especially in summer and autumn.

1. illumination: solar energy is the only energy source for grape photosynthesis. It is the driving force of energy and material circulation of grapes. 90%-95% of grape yield and quality comes from photosynthesis. In many cases, the real solar energy consumed by photosynthesis has not reached 1% of the total solar energy. In China, the solar energy utilization rate of general vineyards is only about 0.5%. Grapes are light-loving crops. For thousands of years, people have erected and trimmed it in order to get more adequate and reasonable light.

2. Temperature: Temperature (heat) is the most important meteorological factor affecting the growth and fruit of grapes. Grape is a warm temperate plant, which needs quite a lot of heat. During the grape growing period (from budding to fruiting), the monthly average temperature is above 10 degrees, which varies with different varieties. Temperature also has an important influence on the growth and fruiting process of grapes. High temperature will do harm to grapes, but the degree is far less than that of low temperature. The harm of low temperature to grapes is a common problem in grape cultivation in the world, and low temperature limits the cultivation area of grapes. Grapes are generally planted in the northern hemisphere between 20-5 1℃ north latitude. The northern limit of European grape variety cultivation is the Rhine Valley in Germany, and the southern limit of cultivation extends to India. In the southern hemisphere, grapes are mainly planted at 20-40℃ south latitude. The limiting factors for the expansion of grape planting range in Europe to the equator are high temperature, disease and lack of sufficient low temperature to induce grape dormancy. The main limiting factor for the expansion of European grapes to the poles is that the growing season is short, which is not enough to ensure the maturity of fruits and vines and to resist the low temperature in winter.

3. Precipitation: The quantity and seasonal distribution of precipitation strongly affect the growth and development of grapes and the yield and quality of grapes. In some areas, the seasonal variation of precipitation of some cultivated varieties is one of the most important climatic factors for grape variety zoning. Due to different climate types in the world, the seasonal variation of precipitation shows significant differences. The seasonal distribution of climate precipitation in the Mediterranean is characterized by drought in summer and autumn and rainy in winter and spring. However, the climate of the main grape growing areas in China is monsoon climate (except Xinjiang), which is hot and rainy in summer and rainy in the south in spring, making it difficult to grow grapes. Except Xinjiang, it is not good for grapes, and the phenomenon of grape water shortage is very obvious.