What is the relationship between the Double Ninth Festival and chrysanthemums? What is cornus again? I hope to give a more detailed answer #11, thank you ~

The ninth day of the ninth lunar month is the traditional Double Ninth Festival, also known as "Old People's Day". Because the Book of Changes defines "six" as the yin number and "nine" as the yang number, on September 9, the sun and the moon merge with yang, and the two nine are heavy, so it is called Chongyang, also known as Double Nine. The Double Ninth Festival was formed as early as the Warring States Period. In the Tang Dynasty, Double Ninth Festival was officially designated as a folk festival, and it has been followed since then. The name of "Double Ninth Festival" was recorded in the Three Kingdoms period. According to Cao Pi's "Nine Days and Zhong You Book", it is said: "The year is coming to the month, and September 9 suddenly comes again. Nine is the number of yang, and the sun and the moon are in harmony. It is well-known and thinks that it is suitable for a long time, so it is a feast. "

firstly, there is the custom of climbing on the Double Ninth Festival. In September, the sky is crisp and crisp. In this season, climbing from afar can achieve the purpose of relaxing, keeping fit and getting rid of diseases. The custom of eating Chongyang cake is associated with climbing. Gaohe cake is homophonic. As a holiday food, it was originally intended to celebrate the harvest of autumn grain and enjoy tasting new grain. After that, the people had the auspicious meaning of climbing high to eat cake and climbing high step by step.

On Double Ninth Festival, there has always been the custom of enjoying chrysanthemums, so it is also called Chrysanthemum Festival in ancient times. September of the lunar calendar is commonly known as Chrysanthemum Moon, and a chrysanthemum meeting is held on festivals, and people from the whole city go to the meeting to enjoy chrysanthemums. Since the Wei and Jin Dynasties in the Three Kingdoms, it has become fashionable for Chongyang to get together for drinking and enjoying chrysanthemums and poems. In the ancient customs of Han nationality, chrysanthemum symbolizes longevity. In ancient times, the custom of inserting Evodia rutaecarpa was popular, so it was also called cornus Festival. Cornus, as a medicine, can make wine to keep fit and get rid of diseases. Wang Wei's on the mountain holiday thinking of my brothers in shandong was written on this day.

The ancients thought it was an auspicious day to celebrate, and they began to celebrate this festival from a very early age. The Double Ninth Festival is a traditional festival of the Han nationality, which is a mixture of various folk customs. The activities to celebrate the Double Ninth Festival generally include traveling to enjoy the scenery, climbing high and overlooking, watching chrysanthemums, inserting dogwoods all over, eating double ninth cake, drinking chrysanthemum wine and other activities. Double Ninth Festival, because it is homophonic with "for a long time", and nine is the largest number in numbers, has the meaning of long life. Moreover, autumn is also the golden season for a year's harvest, and the Double Ninth Festival has far-reaching implications. People have always had special feelings for this festival. There are many excellent poems in Tang poetry and Song poetry to congratulate Double Ninth Festival and chant chrysanthemums.

In the folk concept, Double Ninth Festival, because it has the same sound as "Jiujiu", contains the meaning of long life, health and longevity. Since 198s, some places in China have designated the ninth day of September in the summer calendar as the festival for the elderly, and advocated the whole society to establish the atmosphere of respecting, loving and helping the elderly.

The state attaches great importance to the protection of intangible cultural heritage. On May 2, 26, this folk custom was approved by the State Council to be included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage lists. This year (29) the Double Ninth Festival falls on October 26th of the Gregorian calendar. Chrysanthemum appreciation

Chrysanthemum, also known as yellow flower, belongs to Compositae and has many varieties. China is the hometown of chrysanthemum, and it has been common to cultivate chrysanthemum since ancient times. Chrysanthemum is a flower of longevity, and it is praised by scholars as an unyielding symbol of appreciating chrysanthemum cream, so people love and praise it, so large-scale chrysanthemum exhibitions are often held. Chrysanthemum exhibitions are naturally held in Chongyang because the relationship between chrysanthemum and Chongyang is too deep; Therefore, Chongyang is also called Chrysanthemum Festival, and Chrysanthemum is also called Jiuhua. Chrysanthemum appreciation has become an integral part of the custom of the Double Ninth Festival. In the Song Dynasty, "Tokyo Dream of China Record" Volume 8: "In September, Chongyang, everyone enjoys chrysanthemums, and there are several kinds. Its yellow and white pistils are called "Wanning Chrysanthemum", pink ones are called "Taohua Chrysanthemum", white ones are called "Muxiangju", yellow ones are round ones are called "Jinling Chrysanthemum", and pure white ones are called "Xirongju". Everywhere.

in the Ming dynasty, it was recorded in the dream of Tao 'an: "The Shaoshen family in Yanzhou attacked the palace. On the day of chrysanthemum appreciation, its table, its kang, its lamp, its stove, its plate, its box, its basin angle, its viewer, its cup and plate, its pot, its cup, its mattress and its wine; Its pasta, its clothes patterns, all chrysanthemum people burn candles at night, steam and dry, and the color is more than a few layers. When the banquet is over, remove the reed curtain to be exposed. "

appreciate chrysanthemums in the Qing dynasty, such as "A Record of Yanjing's Years Old": "Those who spend nine flowers are chrysanthemums. Every Double Ninth Festival, the home of wealth, with nine flowers and hundreds of pots, is decorated with a spacious building with a front porch and a light rear porch (the front porch is high and the rear porch is low, and the front porch is low and the rear porch is high, which is a metaphor for high and low). Those who pile up on all sides are called' Nine Flower Pagoda'. " In Qing Jia Lu, I recorded the activities of enjoying chrysanthemums in Suzhou, saying: "Chrysanthemums are blooming at first, and farmers of flowers and tigers have dried up hundreds of pots (ancient vessels with big bellies and small mouths) and carried them into the city. People buy bottles for washing as a reward, or five and seven utensils for one set, and cooked wire is placed in the stalk, which can suppress the back as expected. Or pile up hundreds of pots for players in Guangting Building, and crepe paper is a mountain,no. Chrysanthemum Mountain. And the tea house is especially prosperous. " There are also records of chrysanthemum appreciation in other books, such as Jin Ping Mei and Six Chapters of a Floating Life. Up to now, during the Double Ninth Festival, large-scale chrysanthemum exhibitions are still organized in major parks, and chrysanthemums are tied into various animals and plants, figures and other shapes, which are very beautiful.

Climbing the Mountain

One of the most important festival activities in Chongyang is climbing the mountain. Therefore, the Double Ninth Festival is also called "Ascending Festival". There is no uniform rule for climbing, but generally climbing mountains and towers.

As early as the Western Han Dynasty, the Records of Chang 'an recorded that people visited the capital of Han Dynasty on September 9th. In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, there was a famous story of "the hat fell from Longshan". According to Meng Jiachuan in the Book of Jin, on the Double Ninth Festival in September, Huan Wen, a fu of the Jin Dynasty, and Meng Jia, a general who joined the army, boarded Longshan Mountain (now a mountain in the northwest of jiangling county, Hubei Province), and Meng Jia watched the mountain scenery without knowing that his hat was blown away by the wind. Huan Wen asked people to write a composition to laugh at him, but he didn't show weakness. His composition defense was a much-told story for a while.

In the Southern Dynasties, Wu Jun, a Liang native, recorded a miraculous story in "The Harmony of Continuation": Runan people visited the scenery and traveled with Fei Changfang. Fei Changfang asked him to let his family make their own red sacs, hold cornus's arms, climb the mountain and drink chrysanthemum wine on the Double Ninth Festival, so as to avoid disaster. Huan Jing complied and escaped the disaster. This story vividly reflects people's psychology of avoiding evil spirits and disasters during the Double Ninth Festival.

Of course, people climb mountains not only to climb, but also to watch the red leaves and wild flowers on the mountains, and to drink and eat meat and enjoy themselves, which makes climbing and picnic more attractive. For example, in Sui Dynasty, Sun Simiao's "Thousand Jin Fang Yue Ling" said: "On the Double Ninth Festival, we must watch the wine and climb the mountain, so as to enjoy the feast and enjoy the autumn ambition. Wine must be taken from cornus and chrysanthemum, and it will be drunk. " Remembering the customs of the Sui Dynasty is similar to that of later generations. In the Southern Song Dynasty, Dream Liang Lu was published for five years: "The sun and the moon fly in a shuttle, looking forward to Chongyang. ..... It was the day when' Meng Jia went to Longshan to drop his hat, and Yuan Ming went to Dongli to admire chrysanthemums', which was the story. " In the Southern Song Dynasty, Han Yuanji's "Shuidiao Getou Nine Days" was the first film: "Today, I'm heavy on nine, so I won't bear the chrysanthemums. Try to find a high place and join hands to take a photo of Cui Wei. Let your eyes shine on the pale cliff of Wan Ren, and the clouds will protect the dawn frost, and you will know that I am coming with you. The ancient temple leans on bamboo, and the flying threshold is absolutely sharp. " This paper describes the charm of chrysanthemum viewing and climbing on Chongyang.

During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the Beijing area enjoyed a high altitude. The Book of Yanjing Years Old says: "The capital called Chongyang September 9. Every September 9th, people carry pots and water chestnuts, and climb high when they go out. In the south, Tianning Temple, Taoranting and Dragon Claw Sophora are located, in the north, there are thrips and purification fields, and in the far west, there are eight places. Poetry and drinking, barbecue and cake sharing, asking for temporary happiness. " No matter the literati, they all like to have a picnic and barbecue on the mountain after climbing. Some rich people bring curtains, barbecues, horses and chariots, musical instruments, climb platforms and slopes, set up curtains, tables and chairs, eat and explode roast mutton or instant-boiled mutton, and sing operas, listen to songs and watch dances. For example, the Empress Dowager Cixi in the late Qing Dynasty climbed mountains, picnicked and barbecued in Peach Blossom Mountain in the east of Beihai every year, and set up a blue cloth fence to prevent idle people from peeking. In Yuyuantan Diaoyutai and other places, there are also many climbers. There are also climbing mountains in the imperial garden of the Forbidden City.

Another example is Guangzhou, where more tourists climb Baiyun Mountain than Chongyang, drinking and writing poems, which is very lively and has an impact to this day. In Shanghai, there are no hills nearby, so it is also very lively to take the Danfeng Building in southern Shanghai and the big rockery in Yuyuan Garden as the place to climb elegant collections. To the Republic of China, I simply boarded a 24-storey international hotel. In modern times, Xiangshan in Beijing, Niu Shan in Shandong, Tengwang Pavilion in Nanchang, Jiangxi, etc. are also high-altitude resorts. Tengwang Pavilion, in particular, is more famous all over the world because Wang Bo wrote the preface to Tengwang Pavilion on the pavilion during the Double Ninth Festival in the Tang Dynasty. As for the hat-dropping platform on Longshan Mountain in Jiangling, Hubei Province, which commemorates Meng Jia's hat-dropping in the Jin Dynasty, it also attracts many tourists.

Because the Double Ninth Festival is the autumn festival, the plants and trees begin to wither after the festival, so some people call the outing of the Double Ninth Festival "Ci Qing", which corresponds to the saying of "outing" in March. Pan Rongbi in Qing Dynasty wrote in Ji Sheng at the Age of Emperor Jing: "(Chongyang) has a cure and drinks all day in the suburbs, which is called' Ciqing'." This is also a poetic name.

There are different opinions about the origin of the custom of climbing mountains:

One may come from the worship of mountain gods in ancient times, thinking that mountain gods can save people from disasters. Therefore, people should go to the mountains to play in the Double Ninth Festival to avoid disasters. Perhaps it was necessary to worship the mountain gods for good luck at first, and then it gradually turned into an entertainment activity. (In ancient times, it was thought that "Nine is Lao Yang, and the anode must change". On September 9th, the number of Lao Yang was both in the month and the day, which was unlucky. Therefore, a series of activities to avoid bad omen and seek long life have evolved, which is not the number of "suitable for long life" as Wei Wendi Cao Pi said. This is the view in Wu Zazui, which was produced by Ming metabolism.

When it comes to the Double Ninth Festival, the autumn harvest is over and farming is relatively idle. At this time, wild fruits, medicinal materials and the like in Shan Ye are in the mature season, and farmers have gone up the mountain to collect wild fruits, medicinal materials and plant raw materials for sideline production. This kind of gathering in the mountains is called "small autumn harvest" by farmers. The custom of climbing mountains may have evolved from this at first. As for the day of focusing on Chongyang, it was later. That means taking it as a symbol and promoting its function from the beginning, just as it is suitable for planting trees in spring, so people make a Arbor Day. In addition, during the Double Ninth Festival, the weather is clear and the temperature is cool, which is suitable for climbing high and looking far.

Pei cornus Zan Chrysanthemum

The Double Ninth Festival has the custom of Pei cornus, so it is also called "cornus Festival". Cornus is an important symbol of the Double Ninth Festival. People also like to wear chrysanthemums on the Double Ninth Festival. Cornus is nicknamed "evil-ward Weng" and Chrysanthemum is also called "longevity-prolonging guest". Pei cornus

cornus is a kind of fruit that can be used as traditional Chinese medicine. Because cornus, which is produced in Wudi (now in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces), has the best quality, it is also called Evodia rutaecarpa, also called Yuejiao or Aizi. It is a small evergreen tree, which can almost grow to more than ten feet high, with pinnately compound leaves, green and white flowers in early summer and strong like pepper seeds. Mature after autumn. The fruit is yellow when tender and turns purple when ripe, which has the effects of warming the middle warmer, relieving pain and regulating qi. Cornus leaves can also cure cholera, and roots can kill insects. Compendium of Materia Medica says that it is spicy and fragrant, warm in nature, and can cure cold and drive away poison. The ancients believed that wearing cornus could ward off evil spirits and disasters.

The custom of worshipping cornus on Double Ninth Festival was very popular in the Tang Dynasty, and people thought that inserting Evodia rutaecarpa on Double Ninth Festival could take refuge and eliminate disasters. Or wear it on the arm, or make a sachet and put cornus in it, which is called cornus bag, and some are inserted in the head. Most of them are worn by women and children, and in some places, men also wear them. Cornus's attendance at the Double Ninth Festival was recorded in Ge Hong's Miscellanies of the Western Classics in the Jin Dynasty. Besides wearing cornus, people also wear chrysanthemums. This has been the case in the Tang Dynasty, and it has been popular throughout the ages. In the Qing Dynasty, the custom of the Double Ninth Festival in Beijing was to stick chrysanthemum branches and leaves on the doors and windows, "to remove evil and filth to attract good luck". This is the vulgarization of the chrysanthemum on the head. In the Song Dynasty, there were also people who cut colored ribbons into cornus and chrysanthemums to give to each other.

In fact, Chongyang cornus has the same function as Realgar and Acorus calamus in Dragon Boat Festival, aiming at killing insects and preventing moth. Because after the Double Ninth Festival, it was a small spring in October, and the weather warmed up for a while; In a period of time before Chongyang, the autumn rain was wet, the autumn heat had not yet subsided, and clothes were prone to mildew. This time is when osmanthus is in full bloom, so people call it "osmanthus steaming", so insects must be prevented at this time. Cornus has a little poison, which can kill insects. This is how the custom of making cornus capsules came about.

But after the Song and Yuan Dynasties, the custom of Pei cornus gradually became rare. The reason for its change is probably from the shift of the center of gravity of the Double Ninth Festival. In the early people's time life, Chongyang emphasized avoiding evil spirits and eliminating disasters. With the improvement of people's living conditions, people not only pay attention to the current real life, but also give more expectations to the future life and pray for longevity and extension. Therefore, the status of "longevity-prolonging guest" (Chrysanthemum) finally overtook that of "evil-avoiding Weng" (cornus).