Geographical knowledge related to Beijing Olympic Games

The National Stadium is located on the gentle slope in the central area of the Olympic Park. The design of the stadium is like a container. The undulating appearance of the highland relieves the sense of volume of the building and gives it a dramatic and shocking appearance. The image of the national stadium is perfect and pure, and the appearance is the structure of the building. The facade and structure have reached a perfect unity. The components of the structure support each other to form a reticulated frame, just like a bird's nest woven with branches. The space effect of the stadium is original, simple and elegant. It set up a unique historical landmark building for the 2008 Olympic Games. The stadium is like a huge container. No matter from a distance or from a close distance, it will leave a unique and indelible impression. It completely meets the functional and technical requirements of the national stadium, which is different from the long-span structure and digital screen design methods of general stadium buildings. The space effect of the stadium is original, simple and elegant. From here, people can browse the whole area, including the stairs leading to the stands. Gymnasium is an indoor urban space with restaurants and shops, just like a commercial street corridor or square, attracting people to linger.

Basic situation of "Bird's Nest"

The stadium shell adopts air cushion film, which can be used as filler to make the roof completely waterproof, and the sunlight can penetrate through the transparent roof to meet the growth needs of indoor lawns. During the competition, the stands can be varied to meet the requirements of different audiences in different periods. During the Olympic Games, there were 20,000 temporary seats on the top of the stadium, and everyone could see the whole stadium clearly. Through the reasonable division and design of streamline area, the problems of entrance, exit and people flow are perfectly solved.

The external structure of "Bird's Nest"

Basic materials

The external structure of "Bird's Nest" is mainly composed of huge portal steel frame, with 24 truss columns, 20 truss columns and 2 lower columns have been hoisted. The top of the National Stadium is saddle-shaped, with a major axis of 332.3 meters and a minor axis of 296.4 meters. The height of the highest point is 68.5 meters and the height of the lowest point is 42.8 meters. ..

Change of design scheme

Under the premise of keeping the architectural style of "Bird's Nest" unchanged, the new design scheme has greatly adjusted and optimized the structural layout, building cross-section form and material utilization rate. The openable roof in the original design scheme was cancelled, the opening of the roof was increased, and the steel consumption was greatly reduced by optimizing the steel structure. The long-span roof is supported on 24 truss columns with an interval of 37.96 meters. The main trusses are radially arranged around the opening in the middle of the roof, and 22 main trusses are straight or nearly straight. In order to avoid too complicated joints, a few main trusses are truncated near the inner ring. A large number of steel structures are box-shaped members welded by steel plates, and the cross-arranged main trusses, together with the substructure of the roof and facade, form a special architectural shape of "Bird's Nest". The main stand adopts reinforced concrete frame-shear wall structure system, which is completely separated from long-span steel structure.

Application of Q460 steel

Speaking of Q460 steel, most people may not understand it. The structural design of "Bird's Nest" is strange and novel, and the steel structure Q460 built this time has many unique features: Q460 is a low-alloy high-strength steel, which will only undergo plastic deformation when the stress intensity reaches 460 MPa, which is greater than that of ordinary steel, so it is very difficult to produce. This is the first time that Q460 steel has been used in building structures in China. The thickness of the steel plate used this time is 1 10 mm, which is unique in the past. In the national standard, the maximum thickness of Q460 is only100 mm. In the past, this kind of steel was generally imported from Luxembourg, South Korea and Japan. In order to provide a "fit" Q460 for the "Bird's Nest", from September 2004, the researchers of Henan Wugang Special Steel Plant began to tackle scientific and technological problems for more than half a year, and finally succeeded in trial production. Nowadays, mass production of Q460 steel for "Bird's Nest" has begun. In 2008, 400 tons of domestic Q460 steel with independent innovation and intellectual property rights will support the "Bird's Nest".

special construction

In addition, the hoisting of the main truss in the inner ring of the roof and the installation of the substructure of the facade have been fully launched. The thickness of steel used in the "Bird's Nest" steel structure can reach 1 1 cm, which has never been produced in China. In addition, a translucent film will be pasted on the outer surface of the grid structure at the top of the "Bird's Nest". After using this film, the light in the stadium is not direct, but diffuse, making the light softer. Diffused light can also solve the maintenance problem of the stadium lawn, and also has the function of shielding the seat from wind and rain. Sliding openable roof is an important part of stadium structure. After closing, the stadium will become an indoor arena. Just like the lid of a container, whether the roof is closed or open, it is a basic part of a building. Except for some specific structural needs, the structure of the openable roof is basically a net structure, which becomes a waterproof shell after adding inflatable cushions.

More subtly, the "Bird's Nest" slightly raised the outdoor terrain of the whole stadium, and placed many ancillary facilities under the terrain, which not only avoided the huge investment consumed by underground excavation, but also landed slowly at the edge of the outdoor square, and built 2,000 open-air seats in the warm-up venue according to the situation, which was organically integrated with the surrounding environment and saved investment again.

The Symbolic Meaning of "Bird's Nest"

Many people who have seen the design model of the "Bird's Nest" describe it as a warm bird's nest made of a stadium with a capacity of 65,438+10,000 people and a branch-like steel net! The "nest" used to nurture and take care of life places human hopes for the future.

The components of the whole stadium structure support each other to form a grid-like frame, which looks like a bird's nest woven with branches. Its gray mineral-like steel mesh is covered with transparent film material, which includes a khaki bowl-shaped stadium stand. Here, the hollow-out technology, ceramic lines, the red brilliance and enthusiasm in China traditional culture are perfectly integrated with the most advanced modern steel structure design.

The whole building is connected by a huge net structure, and there are no columns inside. The grandstand is a complete bowl shape, without any shelter, like a huge container, which brings incredible drama and unparalleled shock to the stadium. This even and continuous ring will also give the audience the best view, stimulate their excitement and inspire athletes to sprint faster, higher and stronger. Here, people are truly given a central position.

The construction process of bird's nest

It has been four years since the birth and construction of the National Stadium, which is known as the "Bird's Nest". During this period, it experienced many hot spots, such as making plans, choosing addresses, provoking criticism and stopping construction. But none of this will affect the single steel structure project in the world to become a landmark building in Beijing. On March 3rd, 2002, KLOC-0, the planning and design scheme of the National Stadium was publicly solicited for the whole world. On July 2, 2002, 89 planning and design schemes were received. On June 5438+ 10, 2002, BOCOG announced the pre-qualification documents and solicitation letter of intent for Olympic projects to the world. At the beginning of the following year, five qualified applicants were identified for the National Stadium project and entered the second stage of project legal person bidding. In April, 2003, the "Bird's Nest" project, designed by Herzog and De Mellon, Arup Engineering Consulting Company and the design consortium of China Architectural Design and Research Institute, was finally selected. On February 24th, 2003, 65438+ 9: 05 am, the "Bird's Nest" broke ground. In July 2004, in order to further realize the "thrifty Olympics", the construction of the "Bird's Nest" was temporarily suspended. On February 28th, 2004, 65438, after careful design and re-evaluation by experts, the National Stadium project officially resumed work, and the project entered a period of rapid advancement. On June 5438+ 10 last year, the concrete structure of the inner stand was completed, and on June 5438+065438+ 10/0, 55, 2005, the national stadium was capped ahead of schedule. The main task this year is to complete the external steel structure, and the decoration project will be started in 2007. It is estimated that the whole project will be completed by the end of 2007.

The ignition scheme for the opening ceremony of the Beijing Olympic Games was initially determined to be integrated with the "Bird's Nest".

It is learned from BOCOG that the ignition scheme for the opening ceremony of Beijing Olympic Games has been preliminarily determined, and the opening ceremony site will be integrated with the "Bird's Nest".

Zhang Yimou, the general director of the opening and closing ceremonies of the Beijing Olympic Games, said that for an Olympic Games, a successful opening ceremony means that the Olympic Games are half successful. For an Olympic opening ceremony, a successful lighting ceremony means that the opening ceremony is half done. Zhang Yimou revealed that the ignition scheme for the opening ceremony has been preliminarily determined. As a top secret, only 10 people know at present. It is reported that the design of the ignition ceremony was proposed by the creative team and needs to be reported to the superior for approval. At present, it has been reported to the International Olympic Committee for approval.

Zhang Yimou said that the opening ceremony of the 2004 Athens Olympic Games was well integrated with modern science and technology. As for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, Zhang Yimou said that he would make full use of the artistic Bird's Nest Stadium, adjust measures to local conditions and make use of the possibility of venues to integrate the performances of the opening and closing ceremonies of the Beijing Olympic Games with the Bird's Nest. The Bird's Nest Stadium is like a lucky cloud on the torch, which is beautiful. This is an overall planning stadium, and you can't do whatever you want like the old stadium. We should conceive according to the characteristics of the Bird's Nest, and what we should do is "harmony between man and nature".

It is reported that the opening and closing ceremonies are divided into three parts, with 300 people. The preparations for the opening and closing ceremonies of the Beijing Olympic Games are all carried out in the opening and closing ceremonies operation center of the Beijing Olympic Games.

9 1000 spectators watch the game equally.

The 340-meter-long and 300-meter-wide "Bird's Nest" has no columns, but is surrounded by a series of radial portal steel trusses.

The "Bird's Nest" embodies humanistic care.

Bowl seat. These seats are surrounded by the folding structure of the stadium, and the upper and lower floors are staggered. No matter where the spectators sit, the line-of-sight distance from the center of the stadium is about140m.

Three layers of "special devices", including the sound-absorbing film material used in the lower membrane of the "Bird's Nest", the sound-absorbing material set on the steel structure members and the electroacoustic amplification system used in the stadium, make the speech intelligibility index in the "Bird's Nest" reach 0.6-this figure ensures that the audience sitting in any position can clearly hear the broadcast.

The designer of "Bird's Nest" also used fluid mechanics design to simulate the natural ventilation of 965,438+0,000 people watching the game at the same time, so that all the spectators could enjoy the same natural light and natural ventilation.

In the auditorium of the Bird's Nest, there are more than 200 wheelchair seats for the disabled. These wheelchair seats are slightly higher than ordinary seats, ensuring the same vision for the disabled and the general audience. During the Games, hearing AIDS and wireless broadcasting systems will be provided in the venue to provide personalized services for people with hearing and visual impairment.

The subtleties show humanistic care.

It is reported that the length of the athletes' passage, the wardrobe in the athletes' lounge, the ratio of male to female in the audience toilet pit, and the distribution of water diversion points in the media workshop have also become research topics of relevant departments.

"Whether it is design, construction or interior decoration, all our starting points are people-oriented, based on the feelings of athletes, based on the senses of the audience, and based on the requirements of journalists." This is a goal of all designers and builders of the "Bird's Nest".

Humanistic design

In addition to the above facilities in the "Bird's Nest", even the design of the "Bird's Nest" fully embodies the people-oriented concept. The reason why the "Bird's Nest" is not completely closed is that this design can not only make natural air circulate, but also provide shelter for spectators and athletes. (Christine)

The Olympic "Bird's Nest" witnessed China's heart.

Known as the "fourth generation gymnasium", the great architectural work "Bird's Nest" not only witnessed the unremitting pursuit of human beings in the field of architecture and human settlements in the 2nd/kloc-0th century, but also witnessed the historical process of China, an ancient oriental civilization, opening up continuously.

On June 25th, 2002, authorized by the Beijing Municipal People's Government and the Organizing Committee of the 29th Olympic Games, the Beijing Municipal Planning Commission collected the conceptual design scheme of the main stadium of the 2008 Olympic Games-China National Stadium.

The National Stadium is the first Beijing Olympic venue facility to enter the architectural design process. According to the introduction of Beijing Municipal Planning Commission, the national stadium architectural concept design competition is divided into two stages: the first stage is pre-qualification; The second stage is the official competition. By June 20th, 2002, 165438+ Competition Office had received valid prequalification documents from 44 famous design companies. After strict pre-qualification, 14 design companies were finally determined to enter the formal scheme competition, from China, the United States, France, Italy, Germany, Australia, Japan, Canada and Switzerland.

The Olympic Games not only attracted the greatest athletes in the world to create the best results, but also attracted the greatest architects in the world to create the greatest works. Many of the world's most powerful design teams and talented designers, including the winner of the Plic Award, the highest prize in world architectural design, participated in the competition. On March 8, 2003, 13 well-known architectural design companies and design consortia from all over the world finally participated in the competition, and delivered their grand ideas for China National Stadium to Beijing. 13 design scheme includes 2 domestic schemes, 8 overseas schemes and 3 Chinese-foreign cooperation schemes.

In the subsequent scheme evaluation, the evaluation committee composed of three authoritative figures, including Guan Guan, academician of China Academy of Engineering, Koolhaas, Dutch architect, etc. 13, made strict evaluation, repeated comparison and careful screening of the entries. After two rounds of secret ballot, three excellent schemes were finally selected. They are the "Bird's Nest" scheme designed by Herzog, De Mellon and China Architectural Design and Research Institute, the "Floating Roof" scheme independently designed by Beijing Architectural Design and Research Institute of China, and the "Sky Stadium" scheme jointly designed by Sato Comprehensive Project of Japanese company and Tsinghua University Architectural Design and Research Institute of China.

On this basis, the jury selected the "Bird's Nest" scheme by an overwhelming majority and recommended the implementation scheme. When discussing the "Bird's Nest" scheme, * * * 8 votes were in favor, 2 votes against and 2 abstentions, and 1 vote was invalid. It is rare for a scheme to gain so much knowledge in an international architectural competition.

In order to solicit public opinions, the organizers of the competition also exhibited all the 13 design schemes at the Beijing International Convention Center. The exhibition lasted for 6 days and attracted more than 6,000 votes from the audience. Among them, the "Bird's Nest" scheme recommended by Chinese and foreign judges won 3506 votes, the "floating roof" won 3472 votes and the "Sky Stadium" won 3454 votes, ranking the top three. "Bird's Nest" ranked first, which showed the recognition of the audience and the judges to a considerable extent.

After careful study by the decision-making departments, the "Bird's Nest" was finally determined as the final implementation plan of the main stadium of the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games-China National Stadium.

Meet the needs of the Olympic Games and attach importance to "post-Olympic development"

-not only to build historical buildings, but also to embody the concept of thrifty hosting the Olympic Games and lay the foundation for the implementation of "post-Olympic development"

Many people who have seen the design model of the "Bird's Nest" describe it as a warm bird's nest made of a stadium with a capacity of 65,438+10,000 people and a branch-like steel net! The "nest" used to nurture and take care of life places human hopes for the future.

Indeed, the components of the whole stadium structure support each other to form a grid-like frame, which looks like a bird's nest woven with branches. Its gray mineral-like steel mesh is covered with transparent film material, which includes a khaki bowl-shaped stadium stand. Here, the hollow-out technology, ceramic lines, the red brilliance and enthusiasm in China traditional culture are perfectly integrated with the most advanced modern steel structure design.

Amazingly, the whole building is connected by a giant net structure, and there are no columns inside. The grandstand is a complete bowl shape, without any cover, just like a huge container, which brings incredible drama and unparalleled shock to the stadium. This even and continuous ring will also give the audience the best view, stimulate their excitement and inspire athletes to sprint faster, higher and stronger. Here, people are truly given a central position.

More subtly, the "Bird's Nest" slightly raised the outdoor terrain of the whole stadium, and placed many ancillary facilities under the terrain, which not only avoided the huge investment consumed by underground excavation, but also landed slowly at the edge of the outdoor square, and built 2,000 open-air seats in the warm-up venue according to the situation, which was organically integrated with the surrounding environment and saved investment again.

Guan Guan, chairman of the judging committee and academician of China Academy of Engineering, commented that this building has no redundant treatment, and everything has an image because of its function, and the architectural form and structural details are naturally unified.

The jury and many other architectural experts agreed that the "Bird's Nest" will not only set up a unique historic landmark for the 2008 Olympic Games, but also be of pioneering significance in the history of world architectural development, and will provide historical testimony for the development of China and the world architecture in the 2nd/kloc-0th century.

It is not easy to design and build the "Bird's Nest", and it is even more difficult to make the "Bird's Nest" full of vigor and vitality in the future. According to reports, the concept of thrifty hosting the Olympic Games and sustainable development has been running through the design of the "Bird's Nest" at the beginning and in the process of deepening the design. On the premise of meeting the Olympic functions, the balance between permanent facilities and temporary facilities should be fully considered. According to the requirements, the Bird's Nest has 654.38+million seats, of which 80,000 are permanent and the other 20,000 are temporarily added during the Olympic Games.

On this basis, the function of the "Bird's Nest" is combined with the future orientation of the surrounding areas and even the long-term development planning of the whole city. According to the established planning scheme, the central area of the Olympic Park where the "Bird's Nest" is located will become a civic activity center integrating sports competitions, conferences and exhibitions, culture and entertainment, business and leisure shopping. As the main stadium of Beijing Olympic Games, the "Bird's Nest" will become one of the landmark buildings in Beijing, and it will also become a hot spot for people to visit and travel for a long time. At the same time, in the design and construction of the "Bird's Nest", great efforts have been made in the versatility of the site and space to improve the utilization efficiency of the site. In addition to undertaking the opening and closing ceremonies and sports competitions, it will also meet the needs of fitness, business, exhibitions and performances, laying a solid foundation for the successful implementation of "post-Olympic development".

Accelerate the innovation of system and mechanism in exploration.

-Using the government-guided and market-oriented operation mode to promote the Olympic "Bird's Nest" to incubate the "golden egg" industry.

As a social welfare project, in the past, the construction of stadiums and gymnasiums was generally invested by the government, operated by the competent department, and the losses were subsidized by the finance. Therefore, many sports facilities often become a long-term "burden" of government financial subsidies after completion.

Beijing is determined to "change its mind". Facing the largest stadium construction in history, Beijing, with the thinking mode of market economy and on the basis of drawing lessons from foreign advanced experience, has accelerated system innovation and mechanism innovation, and actively explored the Olympic project construction and operation mode of "government guidance and market operation".

According to the plan, the venues and supporting facilities in Beijing will be financed by market mechanism, and the project legal person will be determined by public bidding, and the project legal person will be responsible for the financing, design, construction and operation of the project. In the words of a BOCOG professional, it is "the Olympic' Bird's Nest' will incubate the industrial' golden eggs'".

The first thing to be built is of course the main stadium, which will host the opening and closing ceremonies of the 2008 Olympic Games and can accommodate 654.38 million spectators. On the basis of in-depth investigation, careful analysis and scientific calculation, Beijing divided its construction investment into two parts: the Beijing Municipal Government contributed 58%, and authorized Beijing State-owned Assets Management Co., Ltd. as the capital contribution representative; The other part of the investment is funded by the project legal person partner who finally won the bid through global bidding.

Considering the characteristics of large investment and high operating cost of the National Stadium after the Games, Beijing has provided quite favorable conditions to attract investors. In addition to 58% investment by state-owned companies on behalf of the government, quite preferential policies have also been given in land transfer and demolition.

On June 28, 2002, 10, Beijing publicly sold the pre-qualification and bidding documents for Olympic projects to the world, marking the official start of the legal person bidding for the national stadium project; From June 5th to February, 2003, the evaluation committee composed of Chinese and foreign experts reviewed the bidding qualification, construction scheme ideas, financing scheme ideas and operation scheme intentions of the bidding applicants, and determined five shortlisted projects. In July 2003, after a comprehensive review of the optimized design, construction, financing, operation and handover submitted by bidders, two successful candidates were recommended. Subsequently, after negotiation and approval by relevant departments, the winning bidder of the project legal person partner was finally determined.

On the morning of August 9, 2003, the signing ceremony of the corporate partner of the National Stadium Project was held. The consortium, represented by China CITIC Group Corporation, finally became the winning bidder of the national stadium project. Members of this consortium include Beijing Urban Construction Group Co., Ltd., Golden State Holding Group Corporation of the United States and Guoan Yueqiang Co., Ltd. under CITIC Group Corporation. The winning consortium and Beijing State-owned Company jointly set up a project company, which will gain the right to operate the National Stadium for 30 years after the 2008 Olympic Games. State-owned companies do not participate in dividends for 30 years, and recover the intact stadium after the expiration of the operation period. According to the information provided by BOCOG, so far, the bidding for the main venues and related facilities of Beijing 2008 Olympic Games has been successfully completed. Six projects, including the National Stadium, which have been tendered by enterprises, have a total investment of about 20.5 billion yuan, of which 85%, that is, 654.38+07.4 billion yuan, have been completed through enterprise tendering and market mechanism financing.

Let's look forward to it together: In the summer of 2008, the whole world will dance with China in the magnificent Chinese National Stadium "Bird's Nest"!

Fuwa information: Fuwa is the mascot of the 29th Olympic Games in Beijing in 2008. Its color and inspiration come from the five Olympic rings, the vast mountains, rivers and lakes in China and people's favorite animal images. Fuwa conveys the spirit of friendship, peace and initiative to children all over the world, as well as the beautiful wish of harmonious coexistence between man and nature.

Fuwa are five lovely close friends whose shapes combine the images of fish, giant panda, Tibetan antelope, swallow and Olympic flame.

Every doll has a catchy name: Beibei, Jingjing, Huanhuan, Yingying and Nini. In China, the same name is a traditional way to show love for children. When the names of the five dolls are linked together, you will read Beijing's kind invitation "Welcome to Beijing" to the world.

Fuwa represents the dreams and aspirations of the people of China. Their prototypes and headdresses contain their connection with the ocean, forest, fire, earth and sky. Their image design applies the expression of China traditional art and shows the splendid culture of China.

Bring blessings to all corners of the world.

For a long time, China has a tradition of conveying blessings through symbols. Each doll of the mascot of the Beijing Olympic Games represents a good wish: prosperity, happiness, passion, health and good luck. With the hospitality of Beijing, the dolls brought their blessings to all corners of the world and invited people from all over the world to gather in Beijing to celebrate the 2008 Olympic Games.

Beibei's blessing is prosperity. In China traditional culture and art, the patterns of "fish" and "water" are symbols of prosperity and harvest. People use "carp yue longmen" to mean successful career and dream realization, and "fish" also means good luck every year.

Beibei's head decoration adopts the fish pattern of Neolithic age in China. Beibei is gentle and innocent, and she is a master of water sports, which complements the blue ring in the Olympic rings.

Jingjing is a naive giant panda, and wherever she goes, she will bring joy to people. As the national treasure of China, the giant panda is deeply loved by people all over the world.

Jingjing comes from the vast forest, symbolizing the harmony between man and nature. His head decoration originated from the lotus petal shape on Song porcelain. Jingjing is simple, honest, optimistic and full of strength, representing the black part of the Olympic rings.

Huanhuan is Fuwa's eldest brother. He is a fire doll, symbolizing the Olympic flame. Huanhuan is the embodiment of sports passion, which spreads passion to all parts of the world and conveys the Olympic spirit faster, higher and stronger. Everywhere Huanhuan went, Beijing 2008 was full of enthusiasm for the world.

Huanhuan headdress originated from the flame patterns in Dunhuang murals. He is extroverted and unrestrained, familiar with all kinds of ball games, representing the red ring of the Olympic rings.

Yingying is a clever, agile and flying Tibetan antelope. He comes from the vast western land of China and sends his best wishes to the world. Yingying is a unique protected animal in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and a demonstration of the Green Olympics.

Yingying's head decoration combines the decorative styles of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Xinjiang and other western regions. He is agile and an excellent track and field athlete, representing the yellow ring in the Olympic rings.

Nini is from the sky. She is a swallow spreading her wings and flying. Her modeling creativity comes from the traditional Shayan kite in Beijing. Yan also stands for Yanjing (the title of ancient Beijing). Nini brings spring and joy to people. Wherever she flies, she spreads good wishes of "good luck".

Naive, cheerful and agile Nini will make her debut in gymnastics competition. She represents the green ring in the Olympic rings.

The latest progress of engineering

On June 28th, 2008, all 80,000 permanent seats in the National Stadium "Bird's Nest" were installed. At the same time, the installation and debugging project of "Bird's Nest" is coming to an end.

According to the person in charge of the seat, the fixed seat of the "Bird's Nest" has six highlights: First, the appearance adopts dynamic and smooth lines in the shape of water droplets; Secondly, all corners of the seat are rounded transition, the surface is matt design, and the dermatoglyphics are shallow; Thirdly, the seat is made of modified polypropylene, and the production process of hollow blow molding has high bending strength and impact strength; Fourthly, the seat conforms to the principle of ergonomics, which avoids the fatigue caused by watching the game for a long time; Fifth, the color of the seat will not change, nor will it become hard and brittle after three years of outdoor exposure; Sixth, abandoned seats can also be recycled, which has no pollution to the environment.

In addition, on the evening of 28th, the steel structure lighting of "Bird's Nest" was "lit" for the first time. According to reports, the cost of the "Bird's Nest" is controlled within 3.5 billion yuan.

Ding Zhenkuan, deputy director of the Beijing Municipal Administration of Work Safety, recently explained that some foreign media reported that there were 10 deaths at the "Bird's Nest" site. During the construction of the "Bird's Nest", there were two accidents in 2006 and 2007, and two people died. The families of the deceased have been properly resettled and the relevant responsible persons have been dealt with.