What is the storm surge called?

Storm surge is also called storm surge, meteorological tsunami, storm tsunami or tidal wave.

Storm surge disaster refers to the disaster of life and property loss caused by abnormal sea level fluctuation caused by strong weather systems such as typhoon, temperate cyclone, cold front and strong wind, and sudden change of air pressure, also known as storm surge, storm tsunami, meteorological tsunami or tidal wave. Storm surge will greatly exceed the normal tide level in the affected sea area, causing great damage.

Storm surges can be divided into two categories: typhoon storm surges caused by tropical cyclones (called hurricanes in North America and the Indian Ocean) and temperate storm surges caused by temperate cyclones. The spatial range of storm surge is generally tens of kilometers to Qian Qian meters, and the time scale or period is about 1 ~ 100 hour. However, sometimes the affected area of storm surge will move with the movement of atmospheric disturbance factors, so sometimes a storm surge process can affect several coastal areas of Qian Qian meters for several days. The rise of seawater level caused by storm surge is generally 1 ~ 3 meters, and the maximum is about 7 meters.

Extended data:

Formation mechanism:

The formation of storm surge disaster is closely related to the fragility of the carrier and the disaster-prone environment. From the perspective of observation statistics, transient vortex energy and mesoscale numerical simulation, we can deeply study the climatic characteristics and possible dynamic mechanism of marine storm formation. On the basis of analyzing the characteristics of storm surge, we should strengthen the research on the factors affecting storm surge, such as the response of the ocean to tropical cyclones under its own different thermal structures, the relationship between tropical cyclones and the frequency of storm surge, the height influence of coastal topography and the influence of the depth and shape of seabed on storm surge, or analyze and study a storm surge disaster, so as to fully understand the formation mechanism of storm surge.

Storm surge disaster is the result of astronomical tide, typhoon, meteorological factors, cold wave and strong wind. Typhoon is the forcing force to induce abnormal water level changes, and it is the main factor to form typhoon storm surge, and cold wave and strong wind are also one of the inducements. Persistent strong winds on land are the main meteorological factors that cause storm surges. Strong typhoon storm surge can make the sea level rise by 5 ~ 6 m, and make the tide level in the affected sea area greatly exceed the normal tide level. When storm surge meets astronomical high tide, it will make the water level soar, lead to tidal overflow, seawall burst, houses destroyed, and cause serious economic losses and casualties.

References:

China Meteorological Bureau-Understanding Typhoon Storm Surge