Essay about natural disasters

Our country has a vast territory, ever-changing weather, and frequent force majeure disasters such as floods, hurricanes, tornadoes, and earthquakes. The Wenchuan earthquake caused huge damage to people's lives and property. In the past 50 years, my country's direct economic losses caused by natural disasters such as earthquakes, geology, droughts, floods, oceans, and epidemics account for approximately 4% of the gross national product every year. Natural disasters have become an important factor affecting my country's economic development and social security. Relying on scientific and technological progress, it has become a top priority to improve our country's comprehensive capabilities in disaster prevention and reduction. 1. The current situation of the application and construction of science and technology for disaster prevention and reduction in my country. my country has currently established a relatively complete and widely covering ground monitoring and observation network for meteorology, oceans, earthquakes, hydrology, forest fires, pests and diseases, etc., and established meteorological satellites, oceanographic satellite, land satellite series, and is building a small satellite constellation system for disaster reduction. In terms of meteorological monitoring and forecasting, a relatively advanced atmospheric detection system consisting of ground meteorological observation stations, space stations, various weather radars and meteorological satellites has been built. A meteorological satellite data receiving and processing system, a modern meteorological communication system and medium-term numerical values ??have been established. Forecast business system. The country has formed a basic meteorological information processing, analysis and forecasting system with five levels of national, regional, provincial, prefectural and county divisions of labor, which are rationally divided, organically combined, and guided step by step. In order to monitor river floods, the country has established a hydrological monitoring network consisting of a large number of hydrological stations, water level stations, rainfall stations, etc., and established a remote sensing database for warning waters in flood-prone areas of seven major river areas, integrating remote sensing technology into the "Eighth Five-Year Plan" ” period should be used for flood monitoring. Engineering technology for flood control and drought relief in large rivers has made great progress, and some areas have reached the world's advanced level. In addition, modern science and technology are used to actively carry out comprehensive management of small watersheds, such as artificial rainfall enhancement in agricultural areas, artificial hail prevention, drip irrigation projects, etc. These technical measures have a very positive effect on disaster prevention and reduction to a certain extent. In terms of earthquake monitoring and earthquake resistance, more than 400 earthquake observation stations have been established, and digital transformation was carried out during the "Tenth Five-Year Plan" period. The national digital seismic network consists of 48 national-level digital seismic stations and more than 300 China's digital seismology system consists of 20 regional digital seismology networks composed of regional digital seismology stations, as well as several mobile digital seismology networks and digital strong earthquake networks. It has established a major earthquake warning system and an earthquake precursor observation system. , formed a relatively complete monitoring and forecasting system, compiled a national earthquake intensity zoning map and earthquake damage prediction map, identified 52 cities as national key earthquake-proof cities, and implemented comprehensive earthquake prevention and control measures for engineering buildings in areas with earthquake intensity above 6 degrees across the country. To prevent hazards, we have carried out seismic fortification of new projects in cities and large and medium-sized industrial and mining enterprises, completed many railway trunk lines, major oil pipelines, many backbone power plants, large oil refineries, a number of key backbone steel enterprises and ultra-large ethylene projects, as well as Seismic reinforcement of large reservoirs. In terms of geological disaster prevention and control, we have strengthened the investigation and prevention of geological disasters such as landslides, debris flows, collapses, ground subsidence, ground subsidence, and ground fissures, and adopted measures including engineering defense systems, biological water conservation defense systems, management protection systems, and social management A comprehensive defense system including a system and forecasting and alarm system has achieved certain results. At the same time, it has combined ecological construction with disaster prevention and reduction, implemented closing hillsides for afforestation, returning farmland to forests, returning farmland to lakes, returning farmland to grassland, and building water conservancy projects. A series of measures such as engineering projects have greatly prevented and mitigated the harm and losses of geological disasters. The country has established 25 national-level key water and soil erosion control areas, implemented soil and water conservation projects in seven major watersheds, and carried out comprehensive management of mountains, rivers, fields and forests in more than 10,000 small watersheds with serious water and soil erosion. It has successively established the top ten forestry industries including the "Three North" protective forest, the middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River protective forest, the coastal protective forest, the plain farmland protective forest, the Huaihe and Taihu basin protective forests, the Pearl River basin protective forest, the Liaohe River basin protective forest, the middle reaches of the Yellow River protective forest, the Taihang Mountain greening project, and the desertification prevention and control project. Ecological engineering. In addition, the "Ziyu-1" and "Ziyu-2" satellites were also launched, which are widely used in fields such as resource exploration, disaster prevention and reduction, geological disaster monitoring and scientific experiments. 2. The development of science and technology for disaster prevention and reduction is slow. First, the level of scientific and technological development and application is very unbalanced in different disaster types and different links of disaster prevention and reduction. Second, the emergency research and operation levels of various disaster types vary greatly, and low levels are repeated. There are many studies; third, the technical means and equipment are backward, monitoring capabilities are not strong, and short-term forecasting capabilities are still low; fourth, there is a lack of scientific assessment models and methods for various disasters, and there is an urgent need for technology to share, apply and assess disaster information Improvement; fifth, the understanding of some major disasters and prevention and control technologies have been stagnant for a long time; sixth, existing scientific research is not closely integrated with national conditions, and the overall scientific and technological support capacity needs to be improved. 3. The intensity of science popularization and education is insufficient. There is a lack of unified science popularization plan for disaster prevention and reduction. There is no fixed science popularization education base for disaster prevention and reduction, and there is also a lack of regular science popularization activities for disaster prevention and reduction. The science popularization of disaster prevention and reduction lacks systematicness and continuity, resulting in The level of public education on disaster prevention and reduction knowledge and awareness of disaster prevention and reduction in our country is low, and the whole society has a poor awareness of ecological and environmental protection, which ultimately affects our country. 3. Countermeasures and suggestions for scientific and technological support for disaster prevention and reduction in my country 4. Strengthen prevention at home and abroad Exchanges and cooperation in disaster reduction science and technology encourage disaster prevention and reduction scientific research institutions and management departments to carry out exchanges and cooperation at home and abroad, obtain advanced application technology and management experience, and track the latest technology. In the construction of cross-border and cross-regional disaster prevention and reduction projects, the government should actively coordinate and provide assistance and guarantee for project implementation.

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