Weather conditions in Beijing, Lhasa, Shenzhen, Kunming and Harbin throughout the year.

Weather conditions in four seasons in Beijing

Beijing belongs to the continental climate zone of warm temperate zone and semi-humid monsoon in the national climate division. However, the landform in the territory is complex, and the relative height difference between mountain peaks and plains is very large, resulting in obvious vertical zonality of climate. Generally, it is bounded by 700-800 meters above sea level, and the climate below this boundary to the plain is warm temperate semi-humid monsoon climate; The Zhongshan area above this limit has a temperate semi-humid and semi-arid monsoon climate; It is about 1600 meters above sea level and belongs to the cold temperate semi-humid monsoon climate.

Climatic characteristics

The main feature of Beijing's climate is four distinct seasons. Dry in spring, hot and rainy in summer, refreshing in autumn and cold and dry in winter; The wind direction has obvious seasonal variation, with northwest wind prevailing in winter and southeast wind prevailing in summer. The climatic characteristics of the four seasons are as follows:

Spring tide period

The temperature rises rapidly, the temperature difference between day and night is large, and it is dry and windy. In spring, with the gradual increase of the sun's altitude angle, the daylight time is prolonged, and the heat obtained on the ground exceeds the expenditure, so the temperature rises rapidly. The monthly average temperature can be increased by 9-6℃, the average temperature is 4.5℃ in March and 13. 1℃ in April. The daytime temperature is high, the nighttime radiation cooling is strong, and the temperature is low, which is the season with the largest temperature difference between day and night. The average daily temperature difference is 12- 14℃, and the maximum daily temperature difference is 16.8℃. In addition, cold air activities are still very frequent in spring, and due to the severe cooling, there is "late spring cold" weather, which is easy to form late frost. There are many windy days, and the windy days of magnitude 8 or above account for 40% of the total days of the year. When strong winds appear, they are often accompanied by floating dust, sand blowing and sandstorm weather. The scarcity of precipitation in spring aggravated the spring drought, which is called "ten years and nine spring droughts".

Xia Ji

Summer is hot and hot, and precipitation is concentrated, forming the same season of rain and heat. In summer, except in mountainous areas, the average monthly temperature in plain areas is above 24℃. Although the hottest month is not June, the extreme maximum temperature mostly occurs in June, and the extreme maximum temperature in June 196 1 day is 43.5℃. July is the hottest month in a year, with an average temperature close to 26℃, a continuous and stable high temperature and a small temperature difference between day and night. Summer precipitation accounts for 70% of the annual precipitation, mostly in the form of heavy rain. The maximum daily precipitation in this city reaches 479 mm (1July 27, 972). So it is prone to flash floods, and the plains cause floods. Rainstorm is one of the main natural disasters in Beijing in summer. In addition, the strong thermal convection in mountainous areas has caused local thunderstorms accompanied by hail, which has caused certain losses to agriculture.

autumn

The sky is crisp, the temperature is suitable and the light is sufficient. After autumn, the cold air in the north began to invade and the temperature dropped rapidly. Therefore, the early arrival of the first frost often happens.

winter

Cold is long. Winter lasts for five months, and if the average temperature is below 0℃, it lasts for three months (1February-February). In the winter of 65438+ 10, the average temperature in the plain is below -4℃, in the mountainous area it is below -8℃, and the extreme minimum temperature in the plain is -27.4℃. Winter precipitation accounts for 2% of the annual precipitation, and there is often no record of precipitation (snow) for more than one month. Although it is cold and dry in winter, there is plenty of sunshine, averaging more than 6 hours a day, which creates favorable conditions for the development and utilization of solar energy.

Lhasa is located in the southeast of Xizang Autonomous Region, on the north bank of Lhasa River, a tributary of Yarlung Zangbo River. The climate belongs to the semi-arid windy climate zone in the temperate zone of the plateau, with annual precipitation of 200-5 10 mm, concentrated in June-September, and rainy nights. The highest temperature is 28℃, and the lowest temperature is-14℃. The air is thin, the temperature is low, the daily temperature difference is large, it is dry and windy in winter and spring, and the frost-free period is 100- 120 days all year round. Relatively speaking, March-65438+1October is the best tourist season in Tibet, and May Day is usually the beginning of the tourist season.

Shenzhen has a subtropical monsoon climate with sunny weather and abundant rainfall. The annual average temperature is 22.5℃, the extreme maximum temperature is 38.7℃, and the minimum temperature is -2℃. The frost-free period is 355 days, with an average annual rainfall of 1 0,924.3 mm and sunshine of 2 1 0,20.5 hours, which is suitable for tourism all year round.

Kunming belongs to the subtropical north latitude. However, most parts of China have a pleasant climate, which belongs to a typical temperate climate. The urban temperature is between 0℃ and 29℃, and the annual temperature difference is the smallest in China. Such climate characteristics are rare in the world. Therefore, Kunming is called "Spring City" at home and abroad.

Harbin is located in the middle and high latitudes in the east of Eurasia, between 44 04 ′ ~ 46 40 ′ north latitude and 65 438+025 465 438+0 ′ ~ 65 438+030 65 438+03 ′ east longitude, with Songnen Plain in the west and southwest and Xiaoxing 'anling in the north and northeast.

According to the climate zone of China, the climate of Harbin belongs to the continental monsoon climate in the middle temperate zone. Affected by the monsoon circulation system in the polar front convergence area, it has obvious monsoon characteristics. Winter monsoon is stronger than summer monsoon, which comes earlier, while summer monsoon comes later. Winter wind comes from high latitude inland, controlled by polar continental air mass, which is cold and dry, with frequent cold waves and long winter; It is warm and rainy in summer due to the influence of tropical ocean air mass. When the winter and summer monsoon alternate, the summer monsoon gradually develops from south to north, reaching its peak from late July to early August, which is the most concentrated period of rainfall in Harbin. From mid-August to early September, the summer monsoon gradually recedes, that is, it ends from north to south. Monsoon climate produces obvious seasonal winds, and the prevailing wind direction changes alternately. West wind or north wind prevails in winter and south wind or southeast wind prevails in summer. Spring and autumn are short, and the south wind and the north wind alternate.

Climatic characteristics Harbin is characterized by four distinct seasons, long and cold winter, short and hot summer, and rapid temperature rise and fall in spring and autumn, which is a short transitional season. Affected by the geographical environment, land and sea air masses and monsoon alternation, the climate of the whole city changes obviously in four seasons. Winter is controlled by the polar continental air mass, and the climate is cold and dry; In summer, it is influenced by subtropical ocean air mass, with abundant precipitation and warm climate. Spring and autumn are affected by the alternating winter and summer monsoon, with changeable climate, strong wind and little precipitation in spring, which is prone to drought; In autumn, the temperature drops suddenly, and there are often frost hazards.

Spring Climate Spring (March-May) is the transitional season between winter and summer, with rapid temperature rise, less precipitation, strong wind, dry air, changeable weather and large temperature difference. The temperature changes sharply from month to month, generally around 8 ~ 10℃. The average annual temperature in spring in this city is 5.65438 0℃. The low temperature centers are Shangzhi, Yanshou and Tonghe, and the average temperature in spring over the years is below 4.4℃. The high temperature centers are in Shuangcheng, Acheng and Binxian, and the average temperature in spring over the years is more than 5.6℃. The average annual precipitation in spring in the city is 80.2 mm, in dry year (1989)39.0 mm, and in wet year (1976) 127.9 mm.. There is more precipitation in the south and east in spring, which is prone to spring waterlogging; There are few in the west, which is prone to spring drought. The wind speed is the highest in spring, with the maximum wind speed of 22 ~ 37m/s from April to May and 37m/s over the years (Acheng1May 3, 974). The average number of windy days is 25, and the maximum number of windy days in Yilan is 63. The final frost varies greatly among counties in the city, with an average of 10 in May over the years. Shuangcheng, Acheng and Binxian are May 5th. Wuchang, Fangzheng and Yilan in early May; Bayan, Mulan, Tonghe and Yanshou are in mid-May; Only Shangzhi was in late May and early May. The final frost changes greatly every year, sometimes about 10 days earlier or later than normal. Delaying the final frost will cause late frost, which is also a great disaster for agricultural production.

Summer climate Summer (June-August), warm climate, abundant rainfall, light and hot water in the same season, is conducive to agricultural production. The average summer temperature in this city is 20.8℃, which varies between 19.4-22.4℃. The lowest value of 19.4℃ appears in 1983, and the highest value of 22.4℃ appears in 1994. Although the average temperature in summer changes very little, the difference is only 3℃, but it has a great impact on agriculture. The temperature in summer is also high in the west and low in the east. July is the month with the highest temperature in the whole year, with an average temperature of 22.3℃ over the years. Shangzhi, Yanshou, Tonghe and Yilan are below 22℃. The monthly temperature difference is very small, generally only 2-3℃, which is the smallest in all seasons. The average summer precipitation in the city is 379 mm over the years; The range of changes over the years is 197.5 ~ 633.7mm, with a difference of more than 2 times. The average annual precipitation in Shangzhi, Wuchang and Bayan is more than 400 mm, and the precipitation intensity is not great. The average number of rainstorm days is 1 ~ 2 days, and there are very few torrential rains. Generally, heavy rain mostly occurs in the eastern mountainous and hilly areas, which is easy to cause flash floods or floods.

Autumn Climate Autumn (September ~ 65438+1October) is the transition season from summer to winter. Due to the influence of cold air in the north, the climate changed from warm to cold. Cyclone activity is second only to spring, and the weather is changeable. Whenever a cold front passes, the temperature drops sharply. The monthly temperature difference is 8 ~ 9℃. The average seasonal temperature in this city over the years is 9.4℃; The interannual variation range is 7.9 ~ 1 1. 1℃, with little change. The average first frost year in the city is September 23rd; It first appeared on September 7th (Shangzhi, Yanshou 1976). Because the frost is greatly influenced by the terrain, the difference of the first frost date between the plain and the mountainous area is caused. After autumn, the precipitation decreased obviously, but it was more than that in spring. The average annual precipitation in the city is 94.3 mm; The interannual variation is between 46.2 ~ 167. 1 mm; In the eastern mountainous areas, Shangzhi, Yanshou, Fangzheng and Tonghe 100 mm or more, the wind speed in autumn is higher than that in spring, and the wind direction is mainly southerly.

Winter Climate Winter (1 1 ~ February of the following year) is controlled by dry and cold polar continental air mass, with extremely low temperature, little precipitation and cold and dry climate. The average temperature in winter is-14.2℃. 65438+ 10 is the coldest month, and the average temperature of the whole city over the years is-19.6℃. In winter, the average annual precipitation (snow) in the city is 23.6 mm; The interannual variation is between 6.6 and 35.4 mm, with a difference of nearly 5 times. In winter, the southwest wind prevails in the city, and the wind speed is very small. Sometimes there will be snowstorms.

The climate is extreme. The annual average maximum temperature in Harbin is 5.9℃( 1990 Binxian), and the annual average minimum temperature is 0.7℃( 1969). The daily extreme maximum temperature is 37.8℃ (now July 8 1982 in yilan county) and the daily extreme minimum temperature is -42.6℃ (now Yanshou County1October 4 1970). The annual extreme maximum precipitation is 108 1.3mm (in shangzhi city 1960) and the annual extreme minimum precipitation is 247mm (in Shuangcheng 1989). The annual extreme maximum precipitation days reach 159 days (shangzhi city 1957), and the annual extreme minimum precipitation days are only 80 days (two cities 1962). Maximum daily precipitation 168.3 mm (Bayan county 1960, 1 sunrise). The extreme maximum wind speed is 37.0 m/s (1May 3, 974). (Source: Harbin Meteorological Bureau)