Laifengshan Anti-Japanese War Site

Laifengshan is located in the south of Tengchong County. It is said that once a phoenix came to live here and got its name. According to the research of geological department, the mountain system was formed by Cenozoic volcanic eruption hundreds of thousands of years ago. Peak coordinate: 25 065 438+0 ′ 04.25 ″ north latitude, 98 28 ′ 42.82 ″ east longitude (the measuring point is located at the national coordinate point on the west side of Wenbi Tower), and the altitude is1926m. The whole mountain shape is like a prone elephant. It stands proudly between Tengchong Bazi and Heshun Bazi Basin in the middle of Tengchong County. The ridge consists of the main peak Wenbi slope, the northwest Yingpan slope and the southeast elephant trunk. Standing on the top of the mountain, it can monitor the Heshun, Dongshan and renewal front of Tengchong County and its surrounding areas around the clock. Tengchong county has been the main strategic support and military barrier since ancient times. After the Japanese invaders occupied Tengchong in May 1942, in order to strengthen control and achieve the goal of permanent occupation, they used the favorable terrain of the mountain to build four positions of Sakura, Baita, Mei and Song along Wenbipo (the main peak), Yingpanpo (the elephant trunk) at the top of the mountain and Laifeng Temple on the mountainside in the north, forming a position that can fight independently and simultaneously. The 148 United Wing stationed in Tengchong, directly under the artillery squadron engineering department, the 9th Infantry Squadron and the 2nd Machine Gun Squadron, has been stationed for a long time, serving as the main operational support and cover barrier for sticking to Tengchong County. 1At the end of June, 1944, the 20th Army of the Chinese Expeditionary Force, which was responsible for counterattacking Tengchong, crossed the river to conquer Gaoligong Mountain and surrounded the Tengchong Dam in three ways: left, middle and right. In order to break the powerful defense system of the Japanese army, in early July, the 4th and 5th regiments of the 2nd Reserve Division were sent to Fengshan to attack enemy lines. However, due to insufficient troops and bad weather, the Japanese army constantly sent reinforcements from the city, and it was difficult to make a breakthrough after several fierce battles. After that, the deployment was adjusted, and the 4th, 5th and 6th regiments of the 2nd Division were prepared to attack the top of the mountain from the west and south, and the 346th regiment of the116th Division carried out a side attack on the enemy line of Laifeng Temple halfway up the mountain from the direction of the upper resumption front, thus cutting off the contact between the Japanese troops coming to Fengshan and the Tengchong city headquarters. On July 25, as the weather gradually cleared up, on the basis of repeated bombing and shelling of Wenbipo and Yingpanpo, the main positions on the top of the enemy's mountain, the two divisions used the latest flame thrower of the US military to open the way, and through separate siege, on July 28, they annihilated more than 400 Japanese troops based on four strongholds, and seized control of the commanding heights of Laifengshan, so as to surround Tengchong City and annihilate the Japanese army on all sides in the future.

Laifengshan Anti-Japanese Battlefield Sites are widely distributed in Laifeng Peak and its surrounding hills, mainly including: the Japanese White Pagoda position on Wenbi Slope of the main peak, the Japanese cherry blossom position on Yingpan Slope on the northwest side of the main peak, the Japanese plum blossom position on Xiangbiling on the southeast side of the main peak and the Japanese pine position around Laifeng Temple on the mountainside, with a distribution range of about 65,438+. It can be seen that the relics include various garrison defense facilities built by the Japanese army and the relics of the counterattack of the Chinese Expeditionary Force. It is the largest anti-Japanese battlefield site in Tengchong county, with the densest distribution and the most complete preservation.

According to the original work plan, the investigation and cleaning of the anti-Japanese war relics mainly focused on the three main positions of the Japanese army: Wenbipo "Baita position", Yingpanshan "Sakura position" and Xiangbi (up and down) and Mei position. The "scattered position" of the Japanese army in Laifeng Temple, which is located halfway up the mountain, is only a general investigation, and it has not been cleaned up and exposed. The investigation and clean-up work started in the middle of 20 1 1 year in 2004 and ended in the early February of 20 15, which lasted for two and a half months. * * * Site area 109600 square meters, with 36 1 battlefield relics exposed. Among them, battlefield traffic trenches 1 1, underground forts 2 1, battle trenches 7, shooting bunkers 5 1, foxholes 20 in front, underground bunkers 20 large and small, and underground barracks 13. There are: 1 1 large and medium-sized bomb pits for American planes, 172 terminal pits for expeditionary forces to attack upwards, and three terminal trenches. Specifically, it can be divided into five groups of relics in the following three areas:

(1) Wenbipo battlefield site. Located on the Wenbipo at the top of Laifeng Mountain, on the ridge of the big slant slope on the lower north side, it was named after the Wenbipo Tower in Qing Dynasty was built on the top of the mountain. The Japanese army called it "Baita Highland" and the Expeditionary Force called it 5300 Highland. Shanliang is adjacent to Tengchong County in the east and Shunbazi in the west, with Yingpanpo and Xiangbizhan Arch on the north and south sides respectively, which is known as the heart and commanding height of the whole Laifeng Mountain. After the Japanese army occupied Laifeng Mountain in May 1942, it built the main position of Wenbi Pagoda at the top of the mountain and the left-wing position on the north side slope as the main stronghold for defending Laifeng Mountain. 1In July, 944, the 2nd Division of the Chinese Expeditionary Force was ordered to counterattack Fengshan, and two battalions of the 4th Regiment were also responsible for attacking Wenbipo and Yingpanpo in the north. Due to the limited strength, the enemy attacked from many sides, and several attacks failed to break through the Japanese peripheral defense. After adjustment and deployment, the 6 th regiment changed to undertake the attack mission in the mountains alone. On July 27th, the 6th Regiment dug a large number of terminal pits from the southwest and launched an all-round attack on the mountain with the latest flamethrower of the US military, on the basis of continuous bombing by American planes and the 4th Regiment capturing Yingpan slope on the flank. With the support and cooperation of the friendly forces of the north and south wings, after fierce fighting day and night, they finally defeated the enemy on the morning of July 28 and regained control of the Wenbipo ridge. After on-the-spot investigation and cleaning, the existing relics on this battlefield mainly include the following two groups:

1, main battlefield site of Wenbita. Located on the ridge around the Wenbi Pagoda at the top of the mountain, it is the commanding height of the whole mountain. Geographical coordinates: 25 065 438+0 ′ 04.25 ″ N, 98 28 ′ 42.82 ″ E, altitude1926m. The ridge is rectangular, east-west, and the battlefield area is 35,900 square meters. The existing relics mainly include: (1) two Japanese annular main ditches located on the ridge around the mountain ridge; (2) Three Japanese traffic trenches, located in the middle of the ridge connecting the north and south main trenches, connecting the Yingpanpo and the big inclined positions on the west and north sides; (3) There are three regiments of Japanese rifle shooting bunkers on the main trenches in the north and south; (4) There are 1 Japanese soldiers hiding caves in the main ditch on the south side of the ridge; (5) Three Japanese large and medium-sized underground bunkers located in the main ditch on the north side of the ridge; (6) 1 Japanese sentry box located in the highland on the north side of the middle section of the ridge; (7) There are 1 Japanese ring fortifications and four related shooting bunkers on the highland at the southeast end of the ridge; (8) There are 1 large bomb pits for American aircraft in the middle of the ridge on the southeast side of the peak; (9) There are three groups of ***27 working pits at the end of the expeditionary force, which are located on the south slope of Shanliang and break through the Japanese fortifications from bottom to top.

2. The position of the Japanese on the steep ridge. It is located on the big slope ridge on the north side of Wenbi Slope. Geographical coordinates: 98 28 ′ 42.66 ″ E, 25 065 438+0 ′ 08.07 ″ N, altitude1895m. The mountain ridge is southwest-northeast, connected with Wenbipo mountain ridge in the southwest, extending to the ravine behind Laifeng Temple in the northeast, adjacent to the ravine under Wenbipo Tower in the east and Wenbipo Mountain Road in the west of Laifeng Temple in the northwest. It is the peripheral position of the north wing of the main position of Japanese Wenbipo, which mainly controls the passage from Tengchong in the southwest to Laifeng Temple. The range of the position is 1 4,400 square meters, and the existing relics mainly include: (1) the1Japanese traffic trench located at the top of the big slant ridge; (2) There are 1 Japanese semi-circular front trenches and 1 anti-aircraft machine guns and rifle shooting bunkers on the north slope of the lower section of the mountain ridge; (3) Seven Japanese small and medium-sized bunkers distributed on the main ridge and slope of the ridge; (4) Two Japanese small and medium-sized bunkers located on the middle and lower ridge; (5) There is a 1 large Japanese underground barracks located on the south side of the ridge, which is connected with the No.3 traffic trench of Wenbita; (6) Five Japanese compound underground barracks located on the gentle slope in the middle of the ridge; (7) Two Japanese warehouses located on the slope at the foot of Wenbi Pagoda on the south side of the ridge; (8) Five Japanese foxholes, distributed on the slopes in the middle and lower part of the ridge; (9) Two large and medium-sized craters of American aircraft located on the west slope of the middle section of the ridge; (10) There is a 1 working pit on the west side of the upper section of the ridge at the end of the expedition attack.

One of the terminal battle pits of Yingpanpo Expeditionary Force.

(2) Yingpanpo battlefield site. Located on the Yingpanpo ridge 300 meters northwest of Laifeng Peak, the Japanese army called it "Sakura Position". Geographical coordinates: 98 28 ′ 37.90 ″ E, 25 065 438+0 ′ 65 438+00.22 ″ N, and 65 438+0.965 438+07 m above sea level. The plane of the ridge is a rectangular steamed bread with a total area of more than 32,000 square meters. It is understood that Yingpanpo is named after the troops stationed here during the Hui-Han War in the late Qing Dynasty, and geographically belongs to the main vein of the late Fengshan. The mountain ridge is north-south, with main peak Wenbi slope in the south, deep valley in the lower reaches of Dieshui River in the north, Shunbazi in the west, and Laifeng Temple in the east longitude can control Tengchong City. After the Japanese army occupied Laifeng Mountain in May 1942, a large number of bunkers, trenches, bunkers, corresponding bunkers, hiding caves, ammunition depots, barracks and other facilities were built along the mountain ridge. 148 United Artillery Squadron 100 people were stationed there as the main position of the north wing of Laifeng Mountain. 1In early July, 944, the 2nd Division of the Expeditionary Force was ordered to counterattack Fengshan, and the 2nd Battalion of the 4th Regiment was ordered to undertake the task of attacking the enemy line north of the main peak of Wenbipo. Due to the shortage of troops, the enemy attacked from many sides, and several attacks failed to break through the Japanese peripheral defense. On July 25th, 1944, after adjusting the deployment, the 4th Regiment took full charge of attacking Yingpanpo. On the basis of large-scale bombing and destruction of Japanese fortifications by American planes and ground artillery, the regiment launched an all-round attack on the mountains from the west and north. By digging a large number of terminal pits and terminal trenches and opening the way with new flamethrowers, the enemy troops were completely defeated on the afternoon of July 26 and the control of Yingpanpoling was regained. The existing relics on the mountain mainly include: (1) three groups of large bomb pits of American aircraft located at the top of the mountain and at the north and south ends respectively ***8; (2) There is a 1 Japanese annular main ditch located on the hillside around the ridge; (3) There are 1 Japanese front trenches and two rifle shooting bunkers at the north lower end of the ridge; (4) Two small Japanese bunkers, located on the slopes at the east and north ends of the mountain respectively; (5) There is a 1 Japanese underground bunker at the entrance of the back end of the ridge; (6) The scale of the Japanese underground barracks in the main trench on the east side of the ridge is * * * 4; (7) There is a 1 Japanese underground warehouse under the main trench on the east side of Liangshan; (8) 1 Japanese sentry box at the exit of the main trench at the southern end of Liangshan; (9) Two groups * * *14 of Japanese rifle shooting bunkers located on the outer ridge of the main ditch; (10) There are two groups of soldiers' caves hidden by the Japanese army on the ridge in the main ditch * * *15; (1 1) There are two groups of Japanese foxholes on the west and north slopes of the ridge * * * 7; (12) There are 96 * * * working pits in Area 2 of the Expeditionary Force, which are distributed on the west and north sides of the mountain ridge and break through the Japanese fortifications from bottom to top; (13) is located on the west and north sides of the mountain ridge, breaking through the three terminal trenches of the expeditionary force in the Japanese fortifications.

Submachine gun shells unearthed in Yingpanpo battlefield.

(3) Elephant trunk (up and down) battlefield sites. It is located on the ridge of Elephant Trunk Mountain in the southeast of Laifeng Peak. It is named because the terrain looks like an elephant's nose extending zigzag from a distance. It belongs to the natural extension platform southeast of the main peak of Laifeng Mountain. Specifically divided into two groups, the local is also called one slope and two slopes. After the Japanese army occupied Tengchong in May 1942, two groups of fortifications were built along the ridge as the peripheral positions of the south wing of the main peak of Laifeng Mountain. 1In early July, 1944, the 2nd Division of the Expeditionary Force was ordered to counterattack Fengshan, and two battalions of the 5th Regiment were ordered to undertake the offensive tasks of the upper and lower two troops in this area and the enemy line south of Wenbipo Ridge. Due to the shortage of troops, the enemy attacked from many sides, and several attacks failed to break through the Japanese peripheral defense. After the adjustment and deployment, the 6 th regiment was changed to focus on Wenbipo, and the 5 th regiment was solely responsible for the attack of the upper and lower elephant trunks. On July 27th, on the basis of large-scale artillery bombardment and destruction of Japanese fortifications, the 5th Regiment excavated a large number of terminal pits from the west and south, opened the way with new flame throwers, and launched an all-out attack on the mountain. After many fierce battles and repeated struggles, he defeated the defensive enemy on the afternoon of July 27 and regained control of Xiangbishanling. The existing relics mainly include two groups.

1, like a nose on the battlefield. The elephant trunk is located about 200 meters southeast of the main peak of Laifeng Mountain, on the uphill ridge. Geographical coordinates: east longitude 98 28 ′ 51.01″, north latitude 25 00 ′ 57.73 ″, altitude1901m. The terrain is northwest-southeast, the upper part is the foot of Wenbi slope, and the lower part is Xiangbizi slope. It was the upper part of the "Mei Position" set up on Laifeng Mountain during the Japanese invasion of China. Tengchong Nanmen Street in the northeast, Xiangbizipo in the southeast and Heshun Shuidui in the southwest were all controlled from above. The battlefield area is about 15300 square meters. The existing relics mainly include: (1) two main Japanese traffic trenches that run through the upper and lower sides of the mountain ridge and connect various fortifications on the mountain; (2) The Japanese army's large underground main battery located at the commanding heights of the mountain top; (3) Six small and medium-sized bunkers on the periphery of the Japanese army, located at the ridge line and the lower part of the ridge at the top of the mountain; (4) The size of the Japanese underground bunkers at the top of the mountain and the upper and lower ends of the ridge is * * * 5; (5) There are 2 Japanese annular trenches around the main fort at the top of the mountain; (6) Five Japanese rifle shooting bunkers located on the main ring trench at the top of the mountain and the traffic trench in front; (7) There are *** 10 Japanese hiding caves located in the main ring trench at the top of the mountain and the traffic trench ahead; (8) Four Japanese foxholes located on the south slope of the top of the mountain; (9) Two Japanese small compound underground barracks located at the lower part of the ridge; (10)/There are ***22 working pits at the end of the regional expeditionary force, which are located in the southwest of the top of the mountain and break through the Japanese fortifications from bottom to top.

2. Elephant trunk stepping slope battlefield: It is located on the elephant trunk stepping slope ridge about 400 meters southeast of the main peak of Laifeng Mountain, which is also called slope locally. Geographical coordinates: 98 28 ′ 57.08 ″ E, 25 00 ′ 50.76 ″ N, altitude1861m. The plane of the mountain ridge is rectangular, running north and south. It is adjacent to the foot of Ertaipo Mountain in the north, the renewal front of Dongshan Mountain in the south, Tengchong City in the east and the gentle slope of gold and silver piles between Xia Kiirala and Heshun Water Pile in the west. It belongs to one of the front positions of the Japanese army in the south wing of Fengshan main peak. It mainly controls the surrounding Tengchong Nanmen Street, the middle of the continuation front and the south of the continuation front. The battlefield covers an area of about1.2000 square meters, and the existing relics mainly include: (1) 1 The Japanese large-scale compound underground barracks are located in the saddle at the back of the ridge; (2) Two large Japanese bunkers located on the ground of Maebetaka in the ridge; (3) Two Japanese bunkers located outside the main battery in the middle and front section of the ridge; (4) Six Japanese small and medium-sized bunkers and three sections of connecting trenches located outside the ridge line on the middle and front slope of the ridge; (5) Two Japanese circular traffic trenches located on the east and west sides of the ridge: (6) Three Japanese shooting bunkers located outside the main fort in the middle of the ridge; (7) There are five hidden cliffs (small bunkers) by Japanese soldiers on the East Ring Trench in the middle of the ridge; (8) Four Japanese foxholes located on the west slope of the ridge; (9) There is a ***26 working pit at the end of the expeditionary force, which is located on the west side of the ridge and breaks through the Japanese fortifications from bottom to top.

The elephant trunk stepped down from the Japanese No.1 main battery.

The Chinese Expeditionary Force's counterattack against Tengchong was the first urban battle in the history of China's eight-year anti-Japanese war, and it was also a shining example of air-ground coordination and encirclement and suppression of stubborn enemies in the whole anti-Japanese war in western Yunnan. The Expeditionary Force prepared the 2nd Division and 1 16 Division to attack the strategic barrier of Laifengshan. , opened the prelude to the enemy's offensive and defensive war, opened the prelude to victory. At present, the site of Laifengshan Anti-Japanese War, which has been cleared and revealed, provides rare evidence for people to explore the historical traces of this war because of its large scale, dense distribution of relics and tragic battle scenes. Its existence, together with the existing national memorial cemetery and the newly built anti-Japanese war memorial hall in western Yunnan, shows Tengchong's tortuous experience and brilliant achievements in the anti-Japanese war from different sides and angles. Doing a good job in the protection and development of the site is of great significance for comprehensively excavating and displaying the glorious history of Tengchong's anti-Japanese war and inspiring the enthusiasm of future generations for patriotism and love for their hometown.