Brief introduction of Tianmu mountain scenic spot

Tianmu Mountain is located in the north of Lin 'an, Hangzhou. It is named because there is a pool on the east and west peaks, just like the eyes looking up at the sky. Tianmu Mountain, with ancient geology and complete vegetation, is a famous nature reserve in China and the only nature reserve in Zhejiang Province that has joined the international biosphere reserve network. Tianmu Mountain [1] was designated as a no-logging area by the Ministry of Forestry in 1956 and protected as a nature reserve. 1986 was promoted to the national forest and wildlife nature reserve, and 1996 joined the UNESCO Man and Biosphere Reserve (MAB) network and became a world-class reserve. It is the only forest and wildlife nature reserve in Zhejiang Province that has joined the MAB network. The nature reserve was awarded "National Popular Science Education Base" and "National Youth Science and Technology Education Base" by Publicity Department of the Communist Party of China, Ministry of Science and Technology and other units. It is also the only nature reserve in China that has been awarded the title of "Two Bases" at the same time. Tianmu Mountain has many world records and China records, including the world record association World's selection of Tianmu Mountain as the only place where Tianmu Tiemu grows. Tianmu Mountain has many world record association World Records. Tree king, miracle of animals and plants

Tianmu Mountain, with ancient geology, was formed in Yanshan period10.5 billion years ago, and it is a part of "Jiangnan ancient land". With its unique landform and complex terrain, it is called "the typical ancient glacier site in East China". The cliffs are abrupt, there are many strange rocks and canyons, and the natural landscape is beautiful, so it is called "the strange mountain in the south of the Yangtze River". The special terrain and long Buddhist culture have promoted the complete protection of animal and plant remains and vegetation in this area, which has become a miracle of the world and is one of the areas with the richest higher plant resources in the subtropical forest region of China. Tianmushan Nature Reserve preserves the typical forest vegetation types in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and the forest landscape is known as "ancient, large, high, rare, abundant and beautiful". "Ancient": Tianmu Mountain is known as a "living fossil" because of the Mesozoic wild ginkgo preserved in the residual plants. This species is only the natural wild forest of Tianmu Mountain in the world. The natural landscapes of Ginkgo biloba include "five generations under one roof" and "full house of descendants". "Big": Tianmu Mountain Nature Reserve has more than 400 trees that need to be hugged by more than three people, enjoying the reputation of "the kingdom of big trees"; "High": the height of the golden pine in Tianmu Mountain ranks first among similar trees in China, and the highest has reached more than 60 meters, so it is called "the swaying tree"; "Rare": There are many unique tree species in Tianmu Mountain, and there are 85 species of animals and plants named after Tianmu Mountain. Among them, Tianmu Tiemu, only 5 plants in the world are located in Tianmu Mountain, and it is called "the only son of the earth". In addition, fragrant fruit trees, Lagerstroemia indica, Cercidiphyllum japonicum and Yinque trees are rare and endangered plants. "Duo": There are 35 species of rare and endangered plants in the nature reserve, including seed plants 17 18, ferns 15 1 species and bryophytes 29 1 species. Dense vegetation sheltered 37 kinds of rare and protected animals such as clouded leopard, black muntjac, white-necked pheasant and Chinese butterfly. There are 74 species of mammals, 0/48 species of birds, 44 species of reptiles, 20 species of amphibians, 55 species of fish and more than 2,000 species of insects in the nature reserve. Tianmu Mountain is a "treasure house of species genes". To this end, the Propaganda Department of the Communist Party of China, the Ministry of Science and Technology and other units awarded the "National Tianmu Mountain Wonder of the Sea of Clouds"

Popular science education base and national youth popular science activity center. "Beauty": Colorful plants make up a spectacular forest picture, with thousands of branches, overlapping peaks and picturesque seasons. The watershed between Taihu Lake water system and Qiantang River water system is one of the Gu Shan in China, and it is a famous summer resort and tourist attraction. Located in the adjacent area of Zhejiang and Anhui. It is southwest-northeast, and the north and south are roughly bounded by Hanghui Highway and Xitiaoxi. It is 200 kilometers long and 60 kilometers wide, belonging to the southeast edge of Jiangnan ancient land. The mountain is a deep valley landform in the middle. There are more than 100 peaks above 1500 meters, and the highest peak is 1787 meters. Lithology is mainly granite and rhyolite. Broad valley landscape with many low hills on both sides of the mountain. Tianmu Mountain was called Fuyu in ancient times. "Yuanhe County Records" records: Tianmu Mountain "has two peaks, each with a pool, which is commensurate with the left and right, and is called Tianmu Mountain". It is a well-preserved area of subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest in China. The vertical distribution of natural vegetation is obvious: evergreen broad-leaved forest is below the altitude of 1 100, and deciduous, evergreen broad-leaved and coniferous mixed forest is between the altitude of1100-/400; 1400 meters above is sparse shrub. The south slope of West Tianmu Mountain was designated as a national nature reserve on 1956, and 1986 became a national nature reserve. There are many kinds of trees, including more than 800 kinds. China is famous for its ancient, tall and rare trees. Ginkgo biloba, aged 1500 years or more, is a gongsun tree with five generations living under one roof; Cryptomeria fortunei was discovered in the Qing Dynasty, and is known as the King of Trees, with a DBH of 2.33 meters and a volume of 42.98 cubic meters. There is a golden pine with a height of 54 meters, DBH 1 meter. China's unique wild ginkgo tree was first discovered here. In addition, there are 4 1 rare tree species in western Zhejiang, such as Taxodium distichum, Tianmu lock, Tianmu Pu and Tiemu. The fauna is complex, with only 148 species of birds and 37 species of snakes. Among them, acacia rubra is the most famous. The mountainous area is rich in tea, dried bamboo shoots, pecans, medicinal materials, bamboo and so on. There are many kinds of animals and plants and rare species, which are important bases for national teaching and scientific research. It was awarded "National Youth Science and Technology Education Base" and "National Popular Science Education Base" by the state. Tianmu Mountain with lush ancient trees is in danger of grotesque waterfalls. It is known as "the kingdom of big trees" and "the cool world", and it is a scenic spot of Range Rover in ancient and modern times. There are thousands of beautiful eyes and the Lingshan is ten miles deep. She endows mankind with endless splendid culture and unique natural charm.

Tianmu mountain history

Tianmu Mountain has a long history and dazzling green culture and religious culture. It is a famous mountain integrating Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism. Zhang Daoling, a Taoist priest in the Eastern Han Dynasty, was born in Tianmu Mountain and practiced here for many years. The existing relic is "photo by Zhang Gong"; Liang Daizhao, ming prince and Xiao Tong lived in seclusion in Tianmu Mountain Taizi'an Scenic Resort Scenic Area, studied classics and left scenic spots such as "Eye Wash Pool" and "Taizi'an Scenic Resort Scenic Area"; Literati such as Li Bai in Tang Dynasty, Su Shi in Song Dynasty, Zhang Yu in Yuan Dynasty and Liu Ji in Ming Dynasty all visited Tianmu Mountain and left beautiful poems. Existing "Taibai Poetry Stone" and other cultural landscapes; Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty also built a Range Rover up the mountain and gave him the title of "Tree King". From 65438 to 0939, Comrade Zhou Enlai delivered a speech "Uniting against Japan" in Baizitang of the Buddhist Temple, which left a rich cultural landscape for Tianmu Mountain, endowed it with rich cultural connotations and made it more attractive. Tianmu Mountain Buddhism was introduced from the Eastern Jin Dynasty, with a history of 1500 years. It is one of the famous Buddhist mountains in China, and is known as "Tianmu Lingshan". At its peak, Antang had more than 50 monasteries and more than a thousand monks. The authentic Lion Temple built in 1279 and the Zen Temple built in 1425 are both famous temples in the south of the Yangtze River. Tianmu Mountain is a Buddhist temple in Wei Tuo.

Climate environment

Tianmu Mountain is located in the northern edge of the middle subtropical zone. Due to the unique influence of the mountain, it has formed a microclimate with warm winter and cool summer, with an average annual temperature of 65438 04℃. Dense trees and flowing water create rich "negative ions" and other gaseous substances beneficial to human body. The content of "negative ions" in the air of Tianmu Mountain is more than 0/00000 per cubic centimeter/kloc, ranking first among similar scenic spots. It has the functions of dust removal and sterilization, and has good curative effect on respiratory diseases. The geographical environment and forest effect of Tianmu Mountain form a special microclimate, with the annual average temperature of 8.8℃ at the top of Xianren Mountain and 14.8℃ at the foot of the mountain. The vast forest is quiet and elegant, especially cold in summer, and there is no severe cold in winter. Abundant plant resources and superior natural environment provide good conditions for the growth and reproduction of various animals. It also creates an excellent environment for human leisure, vacation and tourism. Moreover, the forest here is filled with a variety of gaseous substances that have obvious relief effects on neurasthenia, cardiovascular system and other diseases. In 2005, researchers from Tourism College of Zhejiang Forestry College found that the highest negative ion content in the air of Tianmu Mountain was130,000 /cm3, which set a new national record. Therefore, Tianmu Mountain is an ideal place for people's health, tourism and leisure.

Nature protection

Tianmu Mountain Nature Reserve. Located in the northwest of Lin 'an City, it covers an area of 4,284 hectares, with a longitude range of11"-119 28' 21".

Tianmushan Nature Reserve (12) 1956 was approved as a "no-logging zone", and 1986 established a national nature reserve, both of which were the first in China. 1996 was listed in the UNESCO international biosphere reserve network, enjoying a high reputation in national nature reserves. Tianmu Mountain is a concentrated place of biodiversity and cultural diversity. It is not only rich in biological resources, but also well preserved. Its tourism and cultural resources and location advantages are particularly obvious, and it is favored by all walks of life. The original area is 1050 hectare, and there are more than 2 160 species of higher plants, among which 37 species are named after Tianmu and 35 species are under special state protection. There are 2274 species of higher animals and more than 2000 species of insects, including 34 species of national first-and second-class protected animals and 48 species of animals named after Tianmu. It is a veritable "biological gene bank" and has been designated as a teaching and scientific research practice base by more than 70 universities. The forest ecology in the area has the characteristics of high, large, ancient, rare and beautiful. There is a 57-meter-high golden pine in the countryside, and the trees in the whole old temple scenic area are all over 30 meters; There are ancient Cryptomeria groups. There are more than 600 ancient trees with DBH 1 m, including more than 400 Cryptomeria fortunei and 9 Cryptomeria fortunei1m with DBH 2 m, with a maximum volume of 75.4 cubic meters. Prunus armeniaca, Cercidiphyllum japonicum, Cercidiphyllum japonicum and Cercidiphyllum japonicum are rare and ancient species, which are called "living fossils". Rich forest ecology has formed a beautiful forest landscape, from spring to spring, the fragrance of wild flowers is everywhere; In summer, trees are shaded, fresh and cool; Qiu Lai bamboo red maple, full of golden ginkgo; Winter is a beautiful scenery of Yushu Yinhua. Modern grass's poem "Snowy Tianmu Mountain": "The Tianshan Mountains are covered with plain makeup at the beginning of the cold, and the air is full of flocs; There are tens of thousands of guns in the forest, and the roaring on the whistle beats the wolf. " Give a true interpretation. The unique topography, landform and rich forest vegetation form the unique complex and changeable forest ecological climate of Tianmu Mountain. The annual average temperature of Xianrending is 8.8℃, and the Yamashita Temple is 14.8℃. Especially influenced by the small topography, the Zen Temple Scenic Area has formed a microclimate with warm winter and cool summer. The average temperature in July is 26℃, which is a "cool world" for summer. Tianmu Mountain is 4 1 km away from Lin 'an and 90 km away from Hangzhou. It is located on the golden tourist route from Huangshan to Hangzhou, and it is a green pearl along the southeast coast. Tianmu Mountain has been a famous religious mountain since ancient times. It is recorded in Li Daoyuan's Notes on Water Classics in the Northern Wei Dynasty. It was built in the Yuan Dynasty and has a history of more than 700 years. Built in the Qing Dynasty, the Buddhist temple covers an area of more than 40 mu, with more than 500 halls and more than 0/000 monks/kloc. It is the largest Wei Tuo Dojo in China. Li Bai, Bai Juyi, Su Shi, Li Shizhen, Gan Long, Yu Dafu, Xu Beihong, Hu Shi and other modern celebrities have all been to Tianmu Mountain, leaving a valuable cultural heritage for Tianmu Mountain. In recent years, with the development of ecotourism, the tourist reception facilities in nature reserves have begun to take shape, with more than 300 beds/kloc-0 and more than 30 tourist vehicles, making them the first choice for ecotourism in large and medium-sized cities in the southeast coast. Zhejiang Tianmushan National Nature Reserve Administration was established in 1988, and is a deputy county-level institution. It is approved that five departments, including financial planning department, business management department, office, security department and scientific research institute, are deputy departments with 48 staff. Administratively, it is led by the People's Civil Affairs Office of Lin 'an City, and professionally under the Forestry Department of Zhejiang Province. The main responsibilities of Tianmu Mountain Administration are: 1? Protect the ecological and cultural resources of Tianmu Mountain Nature Reserve; 2? Strengthen scientific research and popular science propaganda, raise the awareness of ecological protection of the whole people and promote the sustainable utilization of resources. 3? Strengthen the development of ecotourism, accumulate funds for the construction of protected areas, and improve the welfare of cadres and workers. Since the establishment of the bureau for more than ten years, Tianmushan people have been industrious and enterprising, willing to contribute, taking protection as the purpose and strengthening protection, and have been awarded the advanced unit of forest fire prevention by the Ministry of Forestry and the Ministry of Personnel. Relying on science and technology is not only a place for ecological science research and popular science propaganda, but also an important base for school teaching practice. According to statistics, more than 70 colleges and universities come to Tianmu Mountain for teaching practice every year, and more than 30 primary and secondary schools come to Tianmu Mountain to hold various scientific and educational activities. Not only have ecological resources been better protected, but cultural construction has also reached a higher level. Tianmushan Academy and Tianmushan Poetry and Painting Academy were established one after another. The development of ecotourism has begun to take shape. The Bureau established the Tourism Department, strengthened tourism management, built an overall protected area, and integrated protection, scientific research and development, gradually improving the cause. As the poet Zhang Xueli said in the couplet, "Tianmu Mountain is a famous mountain, which is developed by the predecessors and a natural treasure house, and managed by the latecomers." The current leaders and staff of Tianmu Mountain Administration are proud of protecting and loving the famous mountains, based on a high starting point and high standards. The master plan of Tianmu Mountain Nature Reserve and the detailed plan of Chanyuan Temple scenic spot designed by Tongji University have been completed. It is about to be put into construction, and the restoration project of Zen source temple in Tianmu Mountain of Fosheng is in full swing. We believe that with the support and help from all walks of life, Tianmu Mountain in 2 1 century will be more brilliant.

History and culture

Tianmu Mountain has a long history. It is a famous historical and cultural mountain integrating Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism. Xiao Tong, king of Zhao Ming in the Southern Dynasties, once warp-knitted selected works here, and Zhang Daoling, a Taoist priest in the Western Han Dynasty, was born here. Yuanji, a cave in the Eastern Han Dynasty, called Tianmu Mountain "thirty-four caves". Buddhism entered the mountainous area in the Jin Dynasty, and there were more than 50 temples in Antang. At the peak, there were as many as 1000 monks. Tianmu Mountain has frequent exchanges with Buddhism in India and Southeast Asian countries since ancient times, and is the birthplace of the revival of Jinyong Temple in Lin Ji. The authentic Lion Temple built in 1279 and the Zen Temple built in 1665 are both famous temples in the south of the Yangtze River, which are as famous as Lingyin Temple in Hangzhou in history and are the Dojo of Wei Tuo Bodhisattva in Buddhism. Tianmu Mountain is endowed with splendid history and culture with its secluded scenery and superior and unique natural environment. Liang Daizhao, Ming Jun, Xiao Tong, Tang Libai, Bai Juyi, Shi and Yu all left beautiful poems and masterpieces. In the Ming Dynasty, more than 100 literati visited Qiong Qi in Tianmu Mountain, leaving more than 160 poems. Moreover, more than 60 documentaries of movies, TV series and scenery films have been filmed in Tianmu Mountain. The rise of Buddhism in the West Tianmu Mountain began in the Pingnian period (357~36 1), and the founder of the mountain was Zhufa Mine. Later, many monks came to the mountains to practice Zen. At the beginning of the Tang Dynasty, Hongyan, a monk, succeeded to the throne. "At the beginning, there were only a hundred monks, and then there were thousands." In the 16th year of Yuan Dynasty (1279), Master Gao Feng entered Lion Mountain in West Tianmu Mountain to build a house. Later, with him, authentic Lion Temple and Dajuezheng Temple were built one after another. Since then, the reputation of West Tianmu Mountain has gradually increased, and it has frequent exchanges with domestic and foreign countries. In Japan, India, North Korea and other countries, monks come to practice Zen. The master of Buddhism in Yulin in Qing Dynasty had a special experience in Shunzhi and Kangxi Dynasties. In the fourth year of Kangxi (1665), the Zen source temple was founded, which greatly boosted the peak and the middle peak, and the West Tianmu Mountain was dramatically improved. The incense in the temple was very strong and there were a large number of books. In the early years of the Republic of China, Buddhism in West Tianmu Mountain declined. In the mid-1930s, there was a revival in which hundreds of monks participated. 1941April 15, the Zen Temple was completely destroyed by Japanese aggressor planes. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the incense of West Tianmu Mountain gradually declined. In the early 1960s, there were 2 1 monk living in the mountains. 1965, 16 monks moved to Linglong Mountain in Lin 'an County. During the Tang and Song Dynasties, there were many monks in West Tianmu Mountain, who took stones as their houses, Mao as their wealth, and streams as their food, and practiced hard. The earliest temple with a slightly larger scale was Fu Bao Courtyard built in the second year of Tang Guangqi (886), followed by Kongming Courtyard built in the first year of Tang Wende (888). During the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, authentic Lion Temple, Dajue Zhengdeng Temple, Zen Temple and 45 An Hall were built successively. /kloc-for more than 0/000 years, due to frequent military incidents and wind and rain erosion, the temple was abandoned several times. Today, there are still some surviving buildings, such as the Temple Gate, the Temple of the Heavenly King, the Wei Tuo Temple, the authentic Lion Temple (now called the Old Hall of the Mountain) and the Taizi'an Scenic Resort Scenic Area. There are many famous monks in the West Tianmu Mountain, and they have been sealed by the emperor. In the Tang Dynasty, the Zen master of Zhong Hui played to Su Zong "the importance of governing people and the country, following the wind of Tang Yao", and after the silence, he was named "Zen master of Zheng Da"; Fifty years after the death of Zen Master Jianzong, Qian Liu, King of Wusu, wuyue, invited Yu Chao to be regarded as the "Supreme Master". Hongyan, a western monk, was given purple clothes by Nuodi and was named "Master Ji Fa" by Zhaodi. In the Song Dynasty, there was no way to open a Zen master, and Li Zongci was named "Buddhist Eye Zen Master"; Tan Yin Zen master Li Wei wrote the word "abbot" to show his gratitude. In the Yuan Dynasty, a monk from Gao Feng opened this temple. He was the founder of West Tianmu Mountain. He is just a cliff-breaker, with a magnificent peak and a huge family background. Chengzong, Shun Di and Renzong all gave him the titles of praise and worship. In the fourth year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (137 1), Zen master Song Yin rebuilt the temple on the original site of Zhenzong Lion Temple, which was a jungle. In the Qing Dynasty, Zen Master Yulin and the emperor shunzhi were given the titles of "Dajue Zen Master" and "Puji Nengren Zen Master", and the abbot of the Buddhist temple, Dazhenfeng, Zhongfeng Fa Zuo and Chonghui Zen Society; In 27 years, the abbot Huishi Zen master XiTianmu Mountain, the manager restored the temple and changed it completely. Chanyuan Temple, the chairman of the international Zen master, abides by the clan style, does not dare to degenerate, studies cold and heat, and adds the series of "West Tianmu Zushan Zhi"; The Zen master in Wuzhen Town found a foundation in Tongzhi (1862~ 1874), revived the Buddhist temple and continued to burn incense. Since modern times, there have been many famous monks in West Tianmu Mountain.