Which four cities do the four stoves refer to?

Furnace City is an exaggerated name for a city with hot summer weather in China [1]. The word "stove" city first appeared in the Republic of China. At that time, the media said that there were "three furnaces". Chongqing, Wuhan and Nanjing were all famous big cities along the Yangtze River, living in the upper, middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River respectively. Because of the hot summer temperatures, they are exaggerated by the media as "stoves". After the founding of New China, there was a saying of "four furnaces", and there were several city combinations, mostly referring to several cities in the Yangtze River basin. The first combination is Wuhan, Nanjing, Chongqing and Nanchang; The second combination is Wuhan, Nanjing, Chongqing and Changsha. The above two combinations are recognized by more people. [2]

In addition, there is a new saying of "seven stoves", which refers to Nanchang, Chongqing, Fuzhou, Tianjin, Changsha, Hangzhou and Shanghai as the "seven stoves" with hot summer climate. [3]

Xinhuoluo

Hot city in summer, hot city in summer, hot city in summer, 5 sheets.

scorching summer sun

July 20 17, the National Climate Center of China Meteorological Bureau released the list, which for the first time released the hot cities in China to the public authority by comprehensively analyzing the meteorological data of provincial capitals and municipalities directly under the Central Government. The comprehensive analysis results show that the top 10 provincial capitals or municipalities in summer are: Chongqing, Fuzhou, Hangzhou, Nanchang, Changsha, Wuhan, Xi 'an, Nanjing, Hefei and Wuhan. Among them, Chongqing, Fuzhou, Hangzhou and Nanchang, which ranked in the forefront, were named "the new four stoves" by many netizens, and Wuhan withdrew from the top four and ranked sixth. [4]

It is understood that this is the first time that the meteorological department has released the hot summer cities in China to the public authority by comprehensively analyzing the meteorological data of the provincial capital cities and municipalities directly under the Central Government in China in recent 3 1 year. In this regard, researcher Zhang Cunjie of the Climate and Climate Change Assessment Office of the National Climate Center believes that the word "stove" reflects the intuitive feelings of the public, but there has been no clear definition and standard.

It is understood that the factors considered in the analysis and research of "hot cities" include thermal index (an index that mainly considers the comprehensive influence of temperature and relative humidity on human comfort), high temperature days, continuous high temperature days, average maximum temperature and minimum temperature in summer and other factors.

According to the distribution of the average high temperature days in China in recent 3 1 year, there are two areas with the most high temperature days, one is near Turpan basin in eastern Xinjiang, and the other is South China including Hangzhou, Nanchang, Changsha and Fuzhou.

The results of this study show that the traditional "stove" cities, such as Wuhan and Nanjing, which were well known to the public in the past, are still on the list, but their rankings have fallen out of the "top four". Zhang Cunjie said that this is related to the annual intergenerational climate change in China. "Meteorological research shows that climate change in north and south China has an oscillation period of about 20 to 30 years. From the time scale of the whole 30 years, the temperature growth rate of cities in the Yangtze River Basin is not as fast as other cities, especially slower than many cities in northern China. "

Under the background of global warming, the summer heat in China is generally increasing, and the list of "stoves" is getting longer and longer. According to meteorological data, Sizao refers to the four cities with the hottest weather in summer in China, which are generally concentrated in the Yangtze River basin in the south and the Huanghuai area in North China. The name began in the Republic of China, and the selected factors include heat index, high temperature days, average maximum temperature in summer and so on. With the change of climate and the migration of weather stations, the list of cities in different periods will also change. The selected cities of 20 19 are Chongqing, Changsha, Wuhan and Nanchang.

Chinese name

Four furnaces

meaning

scorching summer sun

Time of appearance

Republic of China (19 12- 1949)

Traditional "stove"

Nanchang, Chongqing, Wuhan, Changsha

New "stove"

Chongqing, Fuzhou, Hangzhou, Nanchang

geographical position

Chinese mainland