Weather index insurance

Our region is a large-scale farming and animal husbandry area, and it is also an arid area. Natural disasters such as drought, wind, hail and flood occur from time to time. How to leverage the "fulcrum" of agricultural insurance to better serve "agriculture, countryside and farmers" is still a major research topic at present.

At present, corn, wheat, soybeans, potatoes, oil crops, sugar crops and other major crops in our region have been included in the scope of financial subsidies of the state and the autonomous region. Among them, the insurance coverage rate of major food crops has reached 92%.

The starting point of general disasters is the loss rate of more than 20%, and the starting point of drought is the loss rate of more than 30%. The maximum compensation amount is the insured amount of the insured crop.

Aquaculture and grass industry lack insurance.

It is not difficult to find that the agricultural insurance of planting industry is being promoted year by year, while the insurance of aquaculture and grass industry has just been tested.

In 2005, as one of the first nine agricultural insurance pilot areas in China, our district began to pilot dairy insurance. On June 29th of that year, PICC P&C Inner Mongolia Branch signed the first cow insurance policy in the whole region in Shebiya Village, Saihan District, Hohhot, insuring cows 10.

In 2007, our region was listed as one of the six pilot provinces of national policy agricultural insurance. The number of underwriting companies has grown from 1 insured by PICC P&C to three, that is, China United and Anhua Insurance Company have also joined the queue of undertaking agricultural insurance. At the same time, three kinds of crop insurance for wheat, corn and soybean, as well as fertile sow insurance, came out in our region. In that year, the insurance area of the three major crops accounted for 40% of the actual planting area.

In 2008, the varieties of agricultural insurance subsidies increased, rape, sunflower seeds and other crops were included in the scope of agricultural insurance, and the insured area of five crops accounted for 90% of the actual sowing area. At the same time, sows and cows will be included in the scope of insurance premium subsidies for aquaculture.

Since 2009, some regional subsidized varieties have been added in our region. For example, Xing 'an League, Chifeng City, Xilin Gol League and Wulanchabu City have carried out pilot potato insurance premium subsidies. 20 1 1 Tongliao city, Chifeng city and Baotou city launched a pilot project of insurance premium subsidy for greenhouse. At present, corn, wheat, soybeans, potatoes, oil crops, sugar crops and other major crops in our region have been included in the scope of financial subsidies of the state and the autonomous region. Among them, the insurance coverage rate of major food crops has reached 92%.

"Although the development scale, underwriting area, the number of farmers and herdsmen participating in insurance and the amount of financial subsidies in our region are in the forefront in the whole country, among the existing premium subsidies, there are fewer premium subsidies for aquaculture, and the main breeding species of animal husbandry in the autonomous region, mutton sheep, has not yet been included in the agricultural insurance premium subsidies in the whole region." Relevant experts from the Autonomous Region Academy of Social Sciences said frankly.

The expert pointed out that mutton sheep is the main livestock raised by herdsmen's families in our region, accounting for more than a quarter of the total income. However, seasonal natural disasters occur frequently in pastoral areas, and the ability of herders to resist natural disasters is poor. Once a disaster occurs, the losses are great, and many herdsmen's families are poor. Therefore, mutton sheep and other breeding varieties need to be included in the scope of agricultural insurance premium subsidies in our region.

The relevant person in charge of the insurance industry association of the autonomous region also pointed out that the coverage rate of policy aquaculture insurance in our region is low. At present, the number of livestock in our region has exceeded 65.438+100 million (only) 654.38+ 00 years, but it is 206.5438+0.2429 million (only), accounting for 654.38+0% of the number of livestock in that year. If all insurances are guaranteed, aquaculture insurance alone will have billions or even billions of potential premiums. How to increase the underwriting ratio is a difficult problem that must be solved in future policy aquaculture insurance.

Some commercial insurance companies are trying to carry out mutton sheep breeding insurance. In June this year, linxi county Branch of China People's Insurance Company of Chifeng City signed the first commercial sheep breeding policy in the whole region, which provided insurance coverage of 6,543,800 yuan for 2,654.438+056 basic ewes in Wujiazi Town, Dayingzi Township and Linxi Town of linxi county City of Chifeng City. This has undoubtedly made a good start for the promotion of mutton sheep insurance!

Last year, China cooperated with Xilinhot Caodu Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd. to pilot the first grass industry insurance in China, and this year, it piloted alfalfa insurance in Fengzhen, Wulanchabu City. The relevant person in charge of the insurance industry association of the autonomous region pointed out: "At present, the grassland area of the autonomous region is 78.804 million hectares. If the alfalfa insurance pilot is successful, it will become another development highlight of agricultural insurance in the autonomous region. "

Insiders pointed out that to promote aquaculture insurance, the government needs to play a functional role and actively strive to include aquaculture varieties supported by local industries in the scope of policy insurance subsidies; Build a docking platform between insurance companies and local leading large-scale aquaculture enterprises, and take the livestock insurance situation of large-scale aquaculture enterprises as an important indicator of bank credit; Give full play to the positive role of the veterinary department and formulate relevant reward and punishment policies in disease prevention, ear tag wearing and harmless treatment.

Insurance companies are not enthusiastic about underwriting.

After the snowstorm at the end of 20 12, many greenhouse growers such as Fu Jinghua 10 raised their insurance premiums, but they were left out in the cold by insurance companies. It turns out that these greenhouse households account for too small a proportion of the entire shed area, and the insurance company will not underwrite it.

An insurance industry insider admits that agricultural insurance is "unprofitable business", with low profits and high risks, and the enthusiasm of enterprises for underwriting is not high.

Throughout recent years, the development of aquaculture insurance is difficult and has a downward trend. In the final analysis, aquaculture insurance is at a loss stage, and insurance companies are unprofitable. Compared with other insurance businesses, the profitability of agricultural insurance is far lower than other insurance products, so for comprehensive commercial insurance companies, agricultural insurance has low profit and low underwriting enthusiasm. Professional agricultural insurance companies are eager to expand other types of insurance to spread the risks brought by agricultural insurance.

"At present, there are six companies in the autonomous region with agricultural insurance business qualifications. In recent years, only three insurance companies have actually undertaken, and regional division has been used in 2008. Lack of competition restricts the improvement of agricultural insurance services. " The relevant person in charge of the insurance industry association of the autonomous region pointed out.

According to 20 12 Implementation Plan of Agricultural Insurance Premium Subsidy in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, the work of agricultural insurance premium subsidy in our region follows the basic principles of "government guidance, market operation, voluntary participation and coordinated promotion". At present, governments at all levels regard promoting agricultural insurance as an important task. The effect of this work mainly depends on expanding insurance coverage, reducing insurance rates and striving for as many insurance claims as possible, which is obviously different from the purpose of insurance companies to carry out business. Companies that carry out agricultural insurance are all commercial enterprises, and profit is the fundamental purpose of their operation. Therefore, because the goals are not completely consistent, there are many differences between the wishes of the government and the business philosophy of insurance companies. In addition, the agricultural insurance subsidy funds of some local government departments are not in place, and the delay in disbursement has hit the underwriting enthusiasm of insurance companies.

Experts from the Academy of Social Sciences of the Autonomous Region pointed out that in the future, it is necessary to create a good policy environment and atmosphere for agricultural insurance companies, clearly define the scope of responsibilities of relevant government management agencies and the scope of business activities of agricultural commercial insurance companies, and avoid unreasonable intervention by government departments in agricultural insurance companies. At the same time, explore the establishment of a reasonable policy-based agricultural insurance risk transfer and distribution mechanism. Establish agricultural reinsurance companies, guide enterprises engaged in agricultural insurance, reinsurance with reinsurance companies, transfer the risks of agricultural insurance, disperse business risks, and eliminate the worries of insurance companies.

Farmers' awareness of participating in insurance needs to be strengthened

The policy planting insurance in our region is subsidized by the central, provincial, league and county governments at 90% premium, and farmers pay10%; Cow insurance is subsidized by the Ministry of Finance by 50%, shared by farmers and leading enterprises 15%, and the rest is subsidized by the autonomous region. The insurance premium for fertile sows is subsidized by the central government by 50%, by the autonomous region at the same level by 20%, by Union City and counties by 10%, and the rest by farmers. The central financial subsidy for fattening pig insurance is 50%, that for autonomous region is 20%, that for Union City and counties is 10%, and that for farmers is 10%.

Some farmers are unwilling to bear the part raised by farmers themselves. Wang, general manager of the Agricultural Insurance Division and the Agriculture, Countryside and Farmers Insurance Department of China Insurance Inner Mongolia Branch, told the reporter: "Since 2007, the state has implemented the financial subsidy agricultural insurance policy, and this year is the eighth year of this policy. Giving premium subsidies to agricultural insurance is a green box policy recognized by WTO. Replacing direct subsidies with insurance has played a positive role in reducing the impact of natural disasters on agricultural insurance production, stabilizing farmers' income and promoting agricultural and rural economic development. Judging from the situation in our region, the majority of farmers and herdsmen have a high degree of understanding and enthusiasm for insurance for planting major grain, cotton and oil crops. However, due to the limitation of individual payment ability, the willingness to participate in aquaculture insurance needs to be further improved. "

Insiders pointed out that the lack of agricultural insurance training and the small number of township outlets of insurance companies make farmers have only a little knowledge of agricultural insurance, which leads to their different insurance awareness. The reporter learned that in some villages, because the outlets of insurance companies are not popular, farmers have no way to insure.

As the largest property insurance company in our region, at present, PICC P&C Inner Mongolia Branch has set up 273 "agriculture, rural areas and farmers" insurance marketing service departments with exhibition and billing functions in the central town of the region, 326 "agriculture, rural areas and farmers" insurance service stations with insurance consultation and service functions in surrounding towns and villages, and 365,438+056 "agriculture, rural areas and farmers" insurance service points in administrative villages. This year, the company applied to the Insurance Regulatory Bureau of the autonomous region to build a 178 marketing service department for agriculture, rural areas and farmers at the township level, and strived to cover all towns and villages in our region in two to three years.

According to Wang, buying agricultural insurance is of great benefit to farmers. During the insurance period, farmers can get compensation if the insured crops are directly damaged or lost due to rainstorm, flood, wind disaster, hail disaster, freezing injury, drought, pests and rodents, and the loss reaches the initial compensation point agreed in the contract. The starting point of general disasters is the loss rate of more than 20%, and the starting point of drought is the loss rate of more than 30%. The maximum compensation amount is the insured amount of the insured crop. The insured amount of each variety is different, which is determined by the materialized cost actually invested by farmers. For example, paddy field corn 400 yuan, dry land corn 220 yuan, rape 170 yuan, sunflower seed 250 yuan, etc.

In China, insurance companies in many provinces and regions have been exploring pilot index agricultural insurance products, such as rice planting weather index insurance in Anhui, vegetable price index insurance in Chengdu, the first pig price index insurance in Beijing, and the first index aquatic product insurance in Jiangsu. These exponential insurance products effectively simplify the complicated survey and damage determination work and improve the risk controllability. Our district has also carried out pilot projects of vegetable planting cost insurance and pig price index insurance subsidy in some areas. In the next step, the agricultural insurance handling company in our region will learn from the successful experience of index insurance development in advanced regions and develop index insurance suitable for this region according to the development characteristics of agriculture and animal husbandry in the autonomous region, such as index insurance for beef cattle, mutton sheep and potato output value.

In the face of disaster, we will regret it, but should we have the consciousness of planning ahead?

Experts suggest that an agricultural insurance information inquiry platform should be established. Insured farmers (farmers) can inquire about insurance, claims and other related information independently and freely, and encourage farmers (farmers) to safeguard their rights and interests independently.

In addition, a diversified agricultural insurance investment mechanism should be established. At present, all natural risks are borne by agricultural producers and operators, and agricultural producers have limited investment ability in agricultural insurance. Therefore, the old concept of "whoever cultivates the land bears the risk" should be broken, and a new system should be established in which whoever enjoys agricultural products has the obligation to share some agricultural risks, that is, a diversified investment mechanism with the government, enterprises and policyholders as the main body. Then, a new world of agricultural insurance will come.

Further reading: How to buy insurance, which is good, and teach you how to avoid these "pits" of insurance.