Why does a butterfly flap its wings gently in Brazil in South America, but it will set off a storm in the United States in North America after 1 month?

The butterfly effect originated from the discovery of American meteorologist Lorenz in the early 1960s. In The Legend of Chaos and Fractal Theory-Exploration of Singularity and other books, it is described as follows: "One winter day in 196 1, Lorenz calculated the weather forecast on the Royal McBee computer. In order to forecast the weather, he solved the 13 equation simulating the earth's atmosphere by computer. In order to study a long sequence, he took a shortcut, not to let the computer run from the beginning, but to start halfway. He typed the final output directly as the initial value of calculation, and then went downstairs through the hall to have coffee. An hour later, when he came back, something unexpected happened. He found that the weather changed rapidly from the previous pattern, and in a short time, the similarity disappeared completely. Further calculations show that subtle differences in input may soon become huge differences in output. There was nothing wrong with the computer, so Lorenz decided that he had discovered a new phenomenon: "extreme instability to the initial value", namely "chaos", also known as "butterfly effect". A Brazilian butterfly flaps its wings, and in a few months there will be a tornado worse than a strong wind in the United States! This discovery is so serious that scientists don't understand it, and several scientific journals also refuse to publish his articles, thinking that it is "against common sense": if similar initial values are substituted into some equations, the results should be similar, how can they be far apart! The reason is that the movement of butterfly wings leads to the change of the surrounding air system, producing weak airflow, which in turn will cause the corresponding change of the surrounding air or other systems, causing a chain reaction, which will eventually lead to great changes in other systems. Linearity refers to the proportion and linear relationship between quantity and quantity, representing regular smooth motion in space and time; Nonlinear refers to the non-proportional and nonlinear relationship, which is characterized by irregular movement and mutation. For example, how many times is the eyesight of two eyes more than that of one eye? It is easy to think that it is twice, but it is actually 6 ~ 10 times! This is nonlinearity: 1+ 1 is not equal to 2. The generation of laser is nonlinear! When the applied voltage is small, the laser is like an ordinary electric lamp, and the light scatters in all directions; When the applied voltage reaches a certain value, a new phenomenon will suddenly appear: the excited atoms seem to hear the command of "align to the right" and emit monochromatic light in the same phase and direction, that is, laser. The characteristic of nonlinearity is that it spans all professions and permeates all fields, which can be said to be "everywhere". "For example, there is chaos in the movement of celestial bodies; The oscillation of electricity, light and sound waves will suddenly fall into chaos; The geomagnetic field changed direction 16 times in 4 million years, also because of chaos. Even human beings are inherently nonlinear: contrary to traditional thinking, the EEG and heartbeat of healthy people are not regular, but chaotic, and chaos is the expression of vitality. Chaotic systems respond faster to external stimuli than non-chaotic systems. It can be seen that nonlinearity is around us and can't be hidden. This phenomenon is called sensitive dependence on initial conditions. In the weather forecast, this is called the' butterfly effect'. Lorenz first used the seagull effect. Lorenz1979 65438+Speech at the American Association for the Advancement of Science in Washington on February 29th: Predictability: Will a butterfly flapping its wings in Brazil cause a tornado in Texas? (In addition, it is different because, according to the following article, 1963, 19 In February, Lorenz proposed in a speech of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in Washington that a butterfly flapping its wings in Brazil might cause a tornado in Texas. His speech and conclusion left a deep impression on people. Since then, the so-called "butterfly effect" has spread like wildfire, and its reputation has spread far and wide. )"

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