High-yield planting method of wheat

The primary roots of wheat seedlings are small, so suitable nitrogen nutrition and certain phosphorus and potassium fertilizer are needed to promote early tillering and rooting of wheat seedlings and form strong seedlings. The following are the high-yield planting methods of wheat that I have carefully arranged for you. Let's have a look.

High-yield cultivation methods of wheat. Preparation before sowing

1. Select fine varieties according to local conditions: select fine varieties with high yield, good stress resistance and great yield-increasing potential.

2. Straw returning to the field: For the plots planted with corn in the previous crop, the straw should be crushed and returned to the field according to the harvest situation.

3. Plantar fertilization: 4-5 cubic meters of high-quality organic fertilizer, 20 kg of urea, 0/00 kg of calcium superphosphate/kloc, 20 kg of potassium fertilizer and 2 kg of zinc sulfate are applied in combination with soil preparation; Or 65-70kg of 45% compound fertilizer (nitrogen 15%- phosphorus 15%- potassium15%). Nitrogen fertilizer should be deeply applied in the border, phosphorus fertilizer should be partially applied at the bottom and partially spread (70% covering the bottom and 30% spreading), and organic fertilizer, potassium fertilizer and zinc fertilizer should be evenly mixed and spread before ploughing.

4. Fine soil preparation: subsoiling or ploughing with a large tractor with a depth of 25cm. After subsoiling, spread fertilizer and rake twice (first spread fertilizer and dig deeply), remove stubble, crush long waste, and then lock the rake with soil rake twice to achieve the purpose of upper deficiency and lower solid and smooth surface. According to the sowing width of the seeder, pave the border field for sowing. The suitable length of wheat field border is 30? 50m, 2-3m wide. In rotary tillage of wheat fields, attention should be paid to harrowing and compacting the soil to prevent deep sowing and weak seedlings caused by loose soil, and the rapid loss of water in the surface soil will affect the growth of roots and wheat seedlings.

5. Irrigation under the soles of feet: the suitable water content of wheat sowing plough layer is: sandy soil16%-18%; Composite soil18%-20%; 20%-22% clay. When sowing, if the soil water content is insufficient, water should be used to build moisture. It is better to plant wheat a few days later than to plant wheat with insufficient water. .

Second, sow.

1, soil and seed treatment

In areas where soil-borne diseases such as loose smut, smut, root rot, sheath blight, glume blight, snow rot, take-all disease occur, and areas where stripe rust is prone to occur in winter, 3% difenoconazole (Dividan) suspension seed coating agent and 2.5% fludioxonil suspension seed coating agent can be selected for wheat seed coating or seed dressing according to the recommended dosage. In the area where take-all disease of wheat is serious, take-all net is selected for seed treatment. In areas where wheat yellow dwarf disease and dwarf disease occur, seed dressing with phorate or imidacloprid is used to control poisonous insects, control the occurrence and harm of wheat yellow dwarf disease and dwarf disease, and control underground pests at the same time.

For the prevention and control of underground pests, phoxim, methyl isofenphos and other chemicals are selected for seed dressing, and the latter can also prevent and control rodents.

2. Sow at the right time.

Ai Kang 58, Zhongmai 1 and Zhoumai 22 are semi-winter varieties, which should be sown from May 5 to June 5 on 15, and the sowing amount per mu is 10? 12.5 kg; If the weak spring varieties are sown, it should be June 65438+1October 15? Sowing on the 25th, sowing amount per mu 10? 12.5 kg. If the sowing date is postponed, the amount of sowing should be increased to make up for it. Sow for two days every night, and increase the sowing amount 1 kg. It is especially emphasized that the row spacing of wheat sowing should not exceed 20 cm. Or sow in 8-inch wide rows and 4-inch narrow rows; Or sow at equal intervals or leave 25 cm back ridges every three rows of wheat. Sowing depth 3? 5 centimeters.

Third, on-site management

(A) management before winter

1, check seedlings and replant: after sowing 10 days or so, the plots with low emergence rate should be irrigated with small water immediately to promote full seedlings.

2. Timely winter irrigation: timely irrigate the overwintering water, and the winter irrigation time will be reduced to 4? 5 degrees, it is appropriate to water the wintering water when the midnight snack freezes, generally in the middle and late days of 1 1 0, and generally irrigate 60? 80 cubic meters.

3. Chemical weeding: control gramineous weeds such as wild oats, milkweed, poisonous wheat and crabgrass, and spray isoproturon or chlorotoluron on the soil surface. Spraying chlorotoluron stems and leaves before the 3-leaf stage after wheat emergence and at the weed 1 ~ 2-leaf stage; After 3-leaf stage of wheat and 2-3-leaf stage of weeds, isoproturon can be used to spray water leaves; You can also spray 6.9% oxaprop EC (6.9% Hummer EC) with water before winter (preferably in the middle tillering stage) to control gramineous weeds such as wild oats.

To control dicotyledonous weeds, such as Maijiahong, Geranium japonicum, tribenuron-methyl, sodium dimethyl tetrachloride, fluroxypyr EC, etc.

(2) Management of the following year

1, timely intertillage: timely intertillage after turning green, depth 3? 5 centimeters.

2. Timely watering and topdressing: Based on the principle of nitrogen first and then moving, topdressing method should be combined with deep irrigation at the end of jointing stage (when the first internode at the base is fixed and the second internode is elongated above 1 cm). Should the middle and late stages be combined? One spray and three defenses? Topdressing potassium dihydrogen phosphate on leaves for 3-5 times (once every 7 days), with a dosage of 3-5 liang per mu. Ensure water supply in three stages: heading, flowering and filling.

3. Strengthen the prevention and control of diseases, pests and weeds.

(1) The jointing stage of turning green mainly controls wheat sheath blight, stripe rust, take-all disease, wheat spider and wheat aphid. Can wheat sheath blight use propiconazole 20 per mu? 20-30g of 12.5% diniconazole and12-32g of diniconazole are added with 50-60kg of water, and the mixture is sprayed on the base of wheat stems once every15th day, twice in total; On the basis of seed dressing for wheat take-all disease, the roots should be irrigated twice in the turning green stage and jointing stage. Disposable100g of Didi powder or 20% triadimefon 50-100g or 12.5% diniconazole 50-100g per mu, add 80-100g of water, and irrigate along the wheat ridge; Wheat spiders and wheat aphids can be controlled by spraying 1.8% avermectin EC with 8 8- 10/0ml per mu or 50% pirimicarb wettable powder with 20g water and 50kg per mu or 10% imidacloprid wettable powder with 50g per mu.

The pesticide should be applied before the jointing stage of wheat in wheat fields that have not been chemically weeded before winter. Methsulfuron-methyl, bensulfuron-methyl, 2- methyl -4- chlorine, etc. Supplementary treatment is selected in the place where the broad-leaved weeds occur (10% wheat sickle 10g/ mu, or 10% Juxin wettable powder 10g/ mu for water spraying control); Use 40-50ml/mu of 6.9% oxaprop EC (6.9% Hummer EC) to control 50kg of water in the field where gramineous weeds occur.

(2) The prevention and control of heading and flowering focus on wheat spider, stripe rust, powdery mildew, leaf blight and scab. Using 1.8% avermectin EC 8 ~ 10 ml of water, 50 kg per mu, can control wheat spiders; Wheat stripe rust, powdery mildew and leaf blight can be treated with 15% triadimefon wettable powder100g, or 12.5% diniconazole wettable powder 40-60g, or 25% propiconazole emulsifiable concentrate 30-35g, or 30% tebuconazole suspending agent/kloc. During the heading and flowering period of wheat, if it rains for more than 3 days, it should be sprayed immediately to prevent scab. Each acre can be sprayed with100g of 50% carbendazim wettable powder or 80g of carbendazim colloidal suspension and 50kg of water. The key period of control is from heading to flowering.

(3) The filling stage is the peak of many diseases and insect pests. Pesticide fungicide mixed foliar fertilizer? One spray and three defenses? . Focus on the prevention and control of wheat ear aphid, powdery mildew, leaf blight, first generation armyworm and so on. Wheat powdery mildew, rust and aphids can be treated with 12.5% diniconazole wettable powder 20-30g or 20% triadimefon EC 50-70ml, and 50% pirimicarb wettable powder10-15g, or 10% imidacloprid wettable. In order to improve the control efficiency, specialized unified control can be adopted. Adding 150g potassium dihydrogen phosphate to the above formula can also play a role in supplementing fertilizer and increasing production, but it should be used now.

4. Timely harvesting: The best harvesting time is when the wax is immature, and mechanical harvesting should be one-stop operation to ensure the quality.

Wheat planting 1 high-yield technology, appropriate base fertilizer and seed fertilizer? Wheat Xi is rich in the womb, and the base fertilizer is the foundation? . Generally, 3500-5000 kg of organic fertilizer and 30-50 kg of NPK compound fertilizer are applied to an acre of high-yield wheat field, or two-thirds of NPK chemical fertilizer is sprinkled on the surface, and then immediately ploughed and harrowed into the soil.

2. Soaking and dressing the seeds before sowing, and dressing and soaking the seeds with zinc and manganese fertilizer, such as Jiameidian, can supplement the micronutrients needed in the whole growth process of wheat, sterilize and accelerate germination, and significantly improve the emergence rate.

3. Spraying fertilizer outside the roots is one of the most effective fertilization methods to supplement the nutritional deficiency of wheat in the later stage. Because it is inconvenient to apply fertilizer in the later wheat field, and the absorption capacity of roots decreases with the development of growth period. Therefore, foliar spraying is the most effective emergency measure to increase the yield of wheat.

(1) When the first true leaf of wheat emerges from the ground for 2-3㎝, the date when more than 50% of the wheat seedlings in the field reach the emergence standard is the emergence stage.

(2) More than 50% of the wheat seedlings in the field are in the three-leaf stage, and the three-leaf stage is when the third green leaf of the main stem protrudes about 2㎝. During this period, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, medium and trace nutrients and fulvic acid fertilizers such as Jiameidian can be properly applied, which will lay a good foundation for improving the cold resistance and immunity of wheat.

(3) There are more than 50% wheat seedlings in the field at tillering stage, and the first tiller leaves the leaf sheath about 2㎝ at tillering stage.

Application of topdressing. Rational topdressing is an important measure to obtain high yield of wheat. Topdressing should be done earlier and more frequently before winter. Not as good as that year? Statement. At the same time of topdressing nitrogen fertilizer, appropriate topdressing phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer can be used to spray Jiameili and bonus. For high-yield fields with insufficient potassium supply in the early stage, plant ash 150kg can be applied before winter. For wheat fields with sufficient fertilizer supply, it is forbidden to apply a large amount of nitrogen fertilizer singly, and the topdressing time should not be too late, otherwise it is easy to be greedy for green and late ripening, leading to reduced production.

(4) During the wintering period, the average temperature in winter wheat area dropped below 3℃ before winter, and the growth of wheat seedlings basically stopped. When the daily average temperature rose above 3℃ in the spring of the following year, the growth of wheat seedlings resumed. This period of stopping growth is called wintering period. Wheat in Huaibei and Jianghuai areas of Anhui Province has a certain wintering period, but during the wintering period, with the increase of temperature, the growth of wheat seedlings is still slow. The wintering period generally begins on February 20th, 65438 and ends on February 20th 10 of the following year.

(1) Crushing and crushing wheat fields in winter can break the soil, compact the soil, mend cracks, and prevent wheat seedlings from dying due to surface hardening and cracking in winter. Especially when the autumn drought is severe, the soil preparation is not fine, which is not good for winter wheat. We must pay close attention to grinding wheat in winter and implement it as an important measure.

② Covering soil and fertilizing: Covering soil and fertilizing is an effective measure to ensure the safe wintering of wheat seedlings. Specific practices: First, cover the soil. For some wheat fields with poor sowing quality or shallow sowing, cover the topsoil in the ditch with iron harrow on sunny days to avoid root exposure and reduce the death of wheat seedlings. In addition, some pit soil or old house soil can be removed from the wheat field, which also plays an anti-freezing role. The second is covering fertilizer, that is, applying a layer of coarse fertilizer in winter in the wheat field with no or little powder fertilizer, or sprinkling fine soil mixed with Mei Jia and Jinli in the wheat field, so as to raise the surface temperature, reduce freezing injury and protect wheat seedlings.

③ Timely watering with frozen water: Pouring with wheat frozen water can increase soil water content in wheat fields, stabilize ground temperature and reduce freezing injury. It is not good to pour frozen water too early or too late. Pouring too early, high temperature, large evaporation, easy hardening and cracking on the surface, which is not conducive to winter wheat seedlings; Before watering, the ground is frozen, and the water is not easy to seep down. The ground water freezes, which will suffocate the wheat seedlings. Therefore, the frozen water must be poured out in time. When is the best time to pour frozen water? The night freezes and the day disappears? As the saying goes? The night freezes and the day disappears. Is it just right to pour frozen water? . The specific time is from winter to the end of light snow watering.

(5) In the winter wheat area where leaves turn green, when the temperature rises in the following spring and some heart leaves appear, it is the turning green period. The turning green period of wheat in Anhui Province is about February 10. Mainly using nitrogen fertilizer and organic fertilizer, supplemented by phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, spraying and foliar spraying at the same time.

Topdressing when the green-returning fertilizer wheat seedlings begin to turn green can consolidate the tillering of wheat before winter, promote the tillering in spring, correspondingly increase the number of ears per mu, increase the middle leaves and promote the differentiation of florets. In production, a large area of thin land, late wheat and weak seedlings are often small and the number of ears is insufficient, which is the main factor affecting the yield. Therefore, green manure should be applied early to promote spring hair. Generally, 30 kg ammonium phosphate or 15 kg urea and 50 kg organic fertilizer are applied as topdressing per mu. Wheat fields with sufficient fertilizer and good growth in the early stage can be directly sprayed with organic fertilizer, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and medium and trace nutrients.

Water in the green period to avoid flooding, and try not to accumulate water in the wheat field to avoid freezing injury caused by cooling. After watering, carbendazim can be applied in time, which can be spread or sprayed on leaves to increase ground temperature, so as to promote root growth and tillering proliferation, improve tillering rate and increase the number of ears per mu; Winter irrigation has been carried out, and the wheat fields with good moisture content are properly watered with key water for jointing. Topdressing urea 12 ~ 15 kg or 10 ~ 15 kg per mu of water, topdressing compound fertilizer on leaves and applying trace nutrients at the same time.

(6) jointing stage: when more than 50% of the first internode of plant stems in the whole field is exposed to the ground 1.5-2㎝, it is the jointing stage.

Jointing fertilizer and filling fertilizer are the two most critical stages of wheat fertilization, which can promote flowering and significantly reduce the number of degraded spikelets and florets, and are the key fertilizers to increase the number of grains per spike. This can consolidate effective tillers, promote the growth of upper roots, make the stems stout, lengthen the internodes under the ear, and enhance and prolong the functional period of the upper three leaves. Mainly applying phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, spraying Jiameidian and Jinli on leaves for 2-3 times is beneficial to grain formation and filling. The time of topdressing jointing fertilizer depends on the seedlings. Generally, it is applied when the leaf color of the population is pale, the tillering peak period has passed and the first internode of the base is fixed. If the number of seedlings in the population is insufficient and the leaf color has dropped to Huangshi before jointing, fertilization should be properly carried out in advance.

(7) At booting stage, 50% of the flag leaves of wheat in the whole field were pulled out and fully unfolded, and the young panicles wrapped in the flag leaf sheaths expanded obviously, which was the booting stage.

Spraying 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution, plant ash solution, fulvate, medium and micronutrients (such as Jiameidian and Jinli). ) on the leaves of wheat from booting stage to flowering stage, it can inhibit plant transpiration, provide sufficient nutrition for booting stage, and have a good effect on preventing dry hot wind.

(8) Heading stage When more than 50% of the wheat ears in the whole field are exposed from the leaf sheath, the heading stage is 1/2 ear length.

Water the slurry in time. After wheat heading, the temperature is higher, the evaporation between plants and leaf transpiration is larger, and the water demand increases sharply. Therefore, it is better to fill water 10- 15 days after heading, and the irrigation amount is about 70 cubic meters/mu. Avoid windy weather when watering to avoid lodging. Water is the solvent and carrier for the transportation of photosynthetic products to grains. Through the action of enzymes, the accumulated substances are converted into water-soluble sugars and amino acids, which are transported to grains, and then starch and protein are synthesized. Therefore, timely irrigation can enlarge grain volume, speed up filling, reduce floret degeneration, and achieve the purpose of increasing grain weight and improving quality. Many years of experiments have proved that the later watering in wheat filling stage, the worse the effect. Irrigation with wheat yellow water in high-yield fields often leads to lower ground temperature, premature senescence of plants and low gluten content. Foliar fertilization, pay attention to quality and increase grain weight. At heading stage, the color of leaves became pale, the nitrogen content of flag leaves was lower than 3% of dry weight, and chlorophyll was lower than 0.5%, showing a trend of premature aging. During the flowering-filling period, 50 kg/mu of nutrient solution containing trace elements of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (such as Jiameidian and Jinli, etc.) was sprayed. ) foliar spraying 1-2 times can increase grain weight, improve quality and greatly reduce the harm of dry hot wind.

(1) How to control diseases at the heading stage of wheat? The filling stage is a period of cross infection of scab, powdery mildew, stripe rust and leaf rust. At the flowering stage of wheat, Mei Jia 10g/ mu, 40-50kg of water and foliar spraying were used for comprehensive control. ② Control method of wheat aphid: In the morning, spray it with Jin Dian Jinli Hongli+100g washing powder+kerosene+soft water (river water, tap water or cold boiled water), both on the front and back. Generally, aphids are sprayed on the back once every 5-7 days for 3-5 times in a row, and the control effect of aphids is over 95%. When ear aphids occur in a large area, that is, when the number of 100 ear aphids reaches 500, 10% imidacloprid wettable powder is about 60g/ mu, 40-50kg of water is added, and it is sprayed every 10- 15 days, and the effect is remarkable. Wheat Spider: When there are 500 wheat spiders with a length of 33cm in a single row in the wheat field, use 1.8% avermectin EC 30ml/mu and add 40-50kg of water for foliar spraying. In addition, when wheat armyworm and wheat sawfly occur, pyrethroid pesticides and omethoate can also be used for control.

Anyway, Mai Sui? Sudden pests and diseases and disastrous weather are prone to occur during grain filling, so it is necessary to predict pests and diseases and weather and prevent them in time to ensure high yield of wheat.

(9) The flowering period is when more than 50% florets in the middle and upper part of wheat ear are open inside and outside, filaments are elongated, anthers are exposed, and pollen grains are scattered.

The demand for potassium in wheat at flowering stage is the greatest, followed by phosphorus and trace elements. Therefore, phosphorus, potassium and boron fertilizers (such as Jiameidian and Jinli) should be applied before and after flowering to meet the nutrient demand at flowering stage and lay a good foundation for more flowers and more fruits.

(10) The filling stage is also called the grain formation stage. After flowering and fertilization of wheat, the ovary expands rapidly, and the framework of grain is formed first. It takes about 10 day, and the grain can reach three quarters of the maximum length, but at this time, the content of the grain is mainly clear pulp, and the water content can reach about 80%. After the initial formation of wheat grain framework, wheat quickly entered? Grouting? At the stage, the starch accumulation in wheat grains was rapid and the dry matter increased sharply. Temperature and light during wheat grain filling period have great influence on grain filling intensity and time. The optimum temperature in this period is 20-22℃. If it exceeds 25℃, the grouting process will be shortened, and the grouting time in general years is about 20 days. At the same time, sunny weather and sufficient sunshine will increase the grouting strength, which is beneficial to the formation of large particles and full particles.

Filling fertilizer and jointing fertilizer are the two most critical stages of wheat fertilization. During the grain filling stage, wheat needs a lot of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and medium and trace nutrients. Therefore, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and boron fertilizers (such as Jiameidian and Jinli) should be applied again at the grain filling stage to meet the nutrient requirements of wheat at the grain filling stage and lay a good foundation for high yield with large grain weight.

(1 1) Maturity maturity can be divided into milk, wax and complete maturity. The stages of milk ripening and wax ripening are divided into three stages: initial ripening, middle ripening and final ripening, which are determined according to the color and water content of plants and seeds. The stems and leaves gradually turn from green to yellow-green, and the seeds have milky white inclusions. At the end of milk ripening, the grain volume and fresh weight reached the maximum, the grain color turned pale yellow, and the ventral groove was green. The seed content in wax maturity is waxy, and the hardness changes from soft to hard with the maturity. At the early stage of wax ripening, the leaves are yellow but not dry, the seeds are light yellow, the ventral groove is green, and the seeds have no pulp. In the middle stage of wax ripening, the lower leaves are yellow, the stems are elastic, and the seeds turn yellow and full of moisture. At the end of wax ripening, the whole plant turns yellow, the stem is still elastic, and the seeds are yellow and slightly hard. In the mature stage, the leaves are yellow and the seeds are hard, showing the true colors of the varieties.

The most suitable harvesting period is from the end of wax ripening to the end of wax ripening. Harvest seeds with high yield, good quality and high germination rate at suitable time. However, when the wheat planting area is large, it is impossible to harvest all the wheat at the appropriate time, so it is necessary to harvest it early so that most of the wheat can be harvested at the appropriate time. Premature harvest, incomplete seeds, low yield and poor quality. When the harvest is too late, due to respiration and rain leaching, the protein content of grain decreases, and the carbohydrate, 1000-grain weight, bulk density and flour yield decrease. Ears of grain are easy to fall off in the ground and germinate on the ears when it rains. Some varieties are also easy to break stems and ears. Manual harvesting and mechanical staged harvesting should be carried out in the middle to the end of wax ripening; When combine harvester is used for direct harvesting, it should be carried out from the end of wax ripening to the end of wax ripening. Wheat fields used as seeds are harvested at maturity. If the rainy season comes, or the next crop needs to be planted urgently, or the varieties are easy to drop seeds, break stems, break ears and sprout ears. , should be properly harvested in advance.