Is the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V a good king?

Title of King of Spain: Carlos I Carlos I; The title of the Holy Roman Emperor: Karl V; Charles of Austria (1February 24, 500-June 24, 65438+ September 20, 0558) was the king of Spain (15 16- 1556) and the holy Roman emperor (65438+) 1516-1556), king of Naples (known as Carlo iv in history,1516-1556), the supreme monarch of the low-lying countries. In the eyes of Europeans, he is the protagonist of the "Habsburg Hegemony Era".

1, the owner of the vast territory

Charles V is the final product of Habsburg royal family's extensive marriage. He was born in Ghent, the son of Spanish King Philip I and Juana of Castile, the grandson of Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile, the grandson of the Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I and duke of burgundy's wife Mary. His childhood teacher was Adrian of Utrecht (later Pope Hadrian VI).

Charles V's specific nationality is difficult to explain. As far as his father is concerned, he is a member of the Habsburg dynasty in Austria, but he is not of pure German descent. His mother is Spanish and Spain is the core of his empire, but he often feels like an outsider in Spain. His native language is French, which is the common language of the nobles in the "low countries" where he grew up (including Belgium, Luxembourg and the Netherlands today), but France is his lifelong enemy.

Charlie inherited the Low Countries and Francci Conte in 1506 (the year of his father's death). When his tenacious grandfather Ferdinand II died in 15 16, he became the owner of a huge territory, including his mother's castilla and Aragon, Navarra, Granada, Naples, Sicily, Sardinia and the whole western America (during his reign, Spanish colonies in America expanded several times due to the conquest of Mexico and Peru). As soon as he arrived in Spain, he would use the urban war to take autonomy. Some Spanish nobles were dissatisfied with his placement of official positions for some Flemish people in Castilla. In the end, all the resistance was subdued by him, and a stable and powerful Spain formed the foundation for his future galloping in Europe.

After the death of his grandfather Maximilian I, Charlie was able to inherit the Habsburg family's estate in Austria. By bribing voters and other means (with the financial support of vogel family of Deutsche Bank), he defeated French King Francois I and was elected Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire in 15 19.

Funding Magellan's voyage around the world

1565438+On March 22, 2008, Charles V signed an agreement with ferdinand magellan, a famous navigator neglected by Portugal, agreeing to fund Magellan's global travel. On September 20th of the following year, Magellan set out from Seville, Spain, with five ships and 265 crew members, and sailed around the world for the first time in human history. Later 1520, 1 1 June, due to bad weather and lack of food, one of the ships in the fleet fled at the cold feet and fled back to Spain. In order to avoid responsibility, the crew said Magellan had betrayed him. So Charles V angrily gave up supplies to Magellan's family, and Magellan's wife and children later starved to death (but Magellan may not know it at this time). He also thought that Magellan would not come back to complete the global task. Although Magellan died in the Philippines in April, the people on the last ship of his fleet overcame all difficulties and finally returned to Seville, Spain on September 6, 522, completing the feat of sailing around the world for the first time in human history and harvesting a lot of spices. Because Magellan was dead in The Disciples, Charles V gave the captain of the Victoria, the remaining ship, a medal with the earth symbol, which read "You sailed around me for the first time". Eli Cano is recognized as the leader who completed the global travel after Magellan's death. The success of Magellan's voyage around the world proves irrefutably that the earth is a round sphere, which is of great significance to the expansion of human geographical knowledge and the development of science, and is an indelible great feat.

3. Wars with France and Turkey

Charles V regarded the French Empire and the Ottoman Empire as European rivals. He fought for Italy with French King Francois I (1521-kloc-0/525, 1527- 1528, 1536- 1538). Charles V captured Francois I in the Battle of pavia in 1525, and forced him to sign the Madrid Treaty in 1526, in which France promised to give up its sovereignty claim to northern Italy. However, immediately after his release, Francois I asked the Paris Parliament to declare the Madrid Treaty illegal because it was signed by force.

Francois I allied himself with Pope Clemens VII against Charlie. In retaliation, Charles V invaded Italy again on 1527. The Spanish army burned and plundered Rome, which embarrassed Charles V, but successfully prevented the Pope from approving King Henry VIII of England to abandon Charles' menstruation Catherine of Aragon.

The Ottoman Empire is another more terrible enemy. Turkey's military machine is extremely powerful, and its navy controls the Mediterranean. From 1526, Charles V fought fiercely with Sultan Suleiman I (legislator). 1535, Charles V won a key victory in Tunisia, but in 1536, Francois I and Suleiman I formed an anti-Charles V alliance. Although Francois I was persuaded to sign a peace treaty in 1538, he did not give up the idea of forming an alliance with the Turks. 1542, Francois I was reunited with the Ottoman Empire. Charles V formed an alliance with Henry VIII (1543) and forced Francois I to sign the Truce Truce Agreement of Krepin Ranois. Charles himself later reached a compromise with the Ottoman Empire, and both sides wanted to get away from the huge war expenses.

4. Oppose the Reformation

Charles V devoted all his loyalty and even fanaticism to Catholicism. He was a fierce opponent of the Reformation and tried to establish a "world Catholic empire". 152 1 year, Charles V summoned Martin Luther as emperor to attend a religious conference in Vorms (promising to ensure Luther's personal safety). At this meeting, he declared Luther and his followers illegal (Vorms decree/KOOC-0/52/KOOC-0/).

1524, in view of the peasant uprising in Germany, Protestant governors formed the Schmahl-Kalden alliance, and Charles V decided to hand over German affairs to his younger brother Ferdinand (now Ferdinand I).

1545 the convening of Trent's public meeting announced the beginning of the wave of European Catholic forces opposing the religious reform. Charles V was determined to punish the German Protestant prince. 1546 Charles V is at war with the Schmahl-Kalden alliance. In the first stage of the war (1546- 1548), he defeated Johann Friedrich, the elector of Saxony, and imprisoned Philip I, the generous Marquis of Hesse (1547- 1552). However, he won first and then lost. 1552 After the new war broke out, Charles V suffered a series of failures, so he signed a religious peace treaty with the vassals in augsburg.

5. Charles V and America

1523, Charles V authorized Justice Elon of Santo Domingo to explore the land around present-day Carolina. The latter established the first European settlement in America. 1550, Charles V held a meeting at Valladolid Football Club to discuss whether it was immoral to use force against American Indians.

Step 6 take the initiative to abdicate

1555, after the last attempt to defeat the Protestant forces failed, Charles V began to break away from political life. He passed on his personal empire-Spain and the Low Countries-to his son Philip II. Passed the Holy Roman Empire to his younger brother Ferdinand I (1555 10 year1October 25th, gave the Dutch throne to Philip; 1556 65438+1October 16 ceded the Spanish throne to Philip; 1September 556 12 gave the throne of the emperor to Ferdinand).

Charles V spent his later years in yust Abbey in Estremadura. He may have a nervous system disease. Charles V died on September 2 1 65438. He had been suffering from gout for the last 20 years of his life.

7. Charles V's family

Wife: Princess Isabella of Portugal, 1526 married.

Children:

Philip II, heir to the throne, died at 7 1.

Maria (1528- 1603) married maximilian ii at the age of 74.

Juana (1535- 1573), married to Prince Joao of Portugal, aged 38.

[Edit this paragraph] 2. Charles V (French)

King Charles V of France (wise) Charles V Lesacchi of Charles V (1337 65438+10.21-kloc-0/381September/2008 16) King of the Valois Dynasty of France (1. He reversed the first stage of the Hundred Years' War and revived France.

Charles V is the son of John II. 1356, the British captured his father John II in the battle of Poitiers, and Charles V became the regent of this country. It turns out that he is much more capable than his father.

In order to raise the ransom that must be paid for the release of John II, Charlie reconvened the three-level meeting that had been interrupted for many years; However, after his payment request was rejected, he dissolved the third-level meeting. 1357 In March, at the strong demand of all parties, Charlie convened a three-level meeting again and issued the "March Decree" to expand the power of the meeting. But this law was not implemented in the end. 1358, Charlie was driven out of Paris in a civil uprising led by businessman Etienne Marseille.

Another great uprising wave during Charles V's regency was the Zechariah Movement. He relied on the power of his father, John II's sworn enemy, the evil Charlie of King Navarra, to suppress the riot.

1360, King Edward III of England approached Paris, and Charlie wisely signed the Bretigny Peace Treaty with the British. The peace treaty was bad for France, but it gave Charles V time to reform. He mainly relied on the small nobles and citizens as allies, strengthened the tax system, strengthened the royal power, and replaced the ineffective civilian army with some mercenaries. Charles V went to war with Britain in 1369 after strengthening the French state machinery in an all-round way. His war went smoothly: 1372 recovered Boitu and Brittany, 1373 defeated the British army in Bordeaux. By 1374, there were only five ports left in Britain: Calais, Brest, Cherbourg, Bordeaux and Babayonne. This year, Charles V and Britain concluded a three-year armistice agreement, and most of the recovered lost land was owned by the royal family. But in 1377, he attacked the British again.

We should not overestimate Charles V's reform, which is mainly achieved by concentrating on the use of limited resources and worsening people's lives. After Charles V's death, various contradictions broke out together, so that Henry V captured more than half of France in 1420.

Charles V is the guardian of the University of Paris.