How to cultivate mushrooms in hot weather

As the temperature rises day by day, the technical requirements for mushroom cultivation are getting higher and higher. What should I do to cultivate mushrooms in high temperature season? Below I will take you to learn more about the method of cultivating mushrooms in high temperature weather.

Cultivation techniques of mushrooms in high temperature weather

1. Select a suitable thermophilic strain.

At present, the growth temperature of heat-resistant mushroom strains is 18 ~ 36℃, the optimum temperature for spawning, fruiting and fruiting is 25 ~ 33℃, 20 ~ 36℃ and 24 ~ 33℃. Its advantage is that the mushroom does not change color for 2 ~ 3 days after picking, and it is not easy to open the umbrella to keep fresh. Its disadvantage is that the spawning speed is slow and the decomposition power is weak. Sowing in May-June and fruiting in June-September are more suitable.

Second, turn off the substrate fermentation temperature.

Choose a place with high base temperature and strong moisturizing effect, such as stacking it in a plastic greenhouse for fermentation. The nutrient ratio, formula and composting method of fermented materials are the same as those of autumn mushroom cultivation. In order to make the temperature of materials rise quickly and the temperature difference between inside and outside is small, it is necessary to use heating agent to raise the temperature when building the reactor. On the fifth day of composting, the feed temperature generally reaches 60 ~ 65℃. The time is calculated from the material temperature of 60℃, and the pile is turned for the first time after 7 days; Then, when the material temperature drops, turn the pile every 5-6 days 1 time. When the medium is brown, elastic, non-sticky and odorless, it can be inoculated.

Third, control pests and diseases at the same time.

The main pests and diseases that harm high-temperature mushrooms are mushroom mosquitoes, jumping insects and mites, and the diseases are walnuts. The most effective way to control diseases and insect pests during the growth period of fungi is to mix these materials with chemicals. Every 100 kg of culture material, spray 10 g of Xiaguning 10 kg of water, stir while spraying, and inoculate in bed.

In addition to the above measures, the following measures should be taken:

1. After covering the soil for pest control, combine with spraying mushroom-adjusting water, and mix 1000 times of mushroom-cleaning insecticide and 1000 times of mixture in the water to control pests at the fruiting stage. When the temperature rises above 20℃ and there is activity of adult mushroom mosquitoes on the mushroom bed, the adults should be sprayed with mushroom insect nets or cypermethrin. Spraying wet around the mushroom bed, wall and ground can effectively kill adults and reduce the number of next generation larvae.

2. The pathogenic spores of Juglans regia come from soil. In order to effectively control the disease, first of all, the covering material should not use the field soil with waste mushroom materials, but dig the middle soil in the paddy field, break it and dry it, spray it with 500 times of Mufufeng solution five days before use, and then use it five days after spraying. During the fruiting period, if there are irregular protrusions on the soil surface and the surrounding mushrooms decrease, it is necessary to pull out the soil surface in time to check the culture material. If the medium changes color and taste, there may be walnuts. After confirmation, the soil and culture medium at the mixed bacteria should be removed in time, and the affected area should be sprayed with 300 times more Kufeng liquid and 100 times mushroom clear liquid again, and then allowed to dry naturally. 1 week, fill the soil and water it to promote mushroom growth.

Six key techniques of cultivating mushrooms at high temperature

Auxiliary raw materials should be reduced: wheat bran, rice bran, etc. In order to improve the PH value of the culture medium, the amount of lime should be reduced and increased appropriately in the formula. The water content of culture medium is generally less, which is about 5% less than that of other seasons. All the above requirements are aimed at enhancing the ability of the culture medium to resist contamination by miscellaneous bacteria.

Mixing and bagging: In high temperature season, it is best to use a fungus bag one size smaller than other seasons, so that the mycelium of edible fungi can grow as soon as possible and reduce the pollution of bag materials. Different edible fungi should mix the culture materials according to the formula, then add water and stir evenly. Gypsum powder, superphosphate, etc. Should be mixed with dry culture material, and then add water to mix evenly. Urea should be dissolved in water and then mixed with the main ingredients. The mixed culture materials should be bagged immediately. In hot weather, it should be packed.

Sterilization: the key to sterilization is to ensure that there is a certain gap between the culture bags, so as to facilitate the ventilation of the kitchen air and make the kitchen temperature uniform. At the beginning of atmospheric sterilization, the kitchen temperature should be raised to 100℃ within 2-4 hours. If the temperature is not raised for a long time, the bag is sour and smelly, and the temperature is maintained at 8-65438 degrees Celsius with medium fire. Finally, use a fierce fire for a while and then cease fire. Add water to the sterilizer in the middle, preferably hot water. When carrying a backpack, start carrying it when the temperature in the bag is about 60 degrees Celsius, which can effectively control the infection of miscellaneous bacteria.

Inoculation: The summer climate is hot and humid, and there are miscellaneous bacteria and insects everywhere. The inoculation environment should be clean and hygienic, disinfected and sterilized. The inoculation chamber box should be sealed and disinfected. All tools must be strictly disinfected. The temperature is high in summer, so high-temperature inoculation should be carried out with the back open. Generally, the inoculation at night should be faster, and the dosage of strains should be more suitable than other seasons. Inoculation bags should be put into the shed in time to cause bacteria.

Epidemic situation management: The technical key of epidemic situation management is to reasonably discharge the accumulated bags, turn over the bags in time, ventilate and increase oxygen, and control the epidemic situation temperature and environmental temperature. When the temperature exceeds 30 degrees Celsius in summer, the fungus bags must be laid flat and scattered on the ground, and the place where the fungus occurs should be shaded to strengthen ventilation and heat dissipation. If necessary, cold water can be sprinkled to promote cooling, and the temperature in the bag should be strictly controlled below 33 degrees Celsius. With the continuous growth of hyphae, the temperature of fungi will increase. Therefore, in order to strengthen the inspection of the inner layer temperature of the bag pile, it must be kept in mind that as long as the bag has not been successfully cultivated and entered the leaf management, it is necessary to prevent the phenomenon of burning bacteria. In summer cultivation, we should strengthen the preventive measures against pests, mainly bacterial mites and flies, and 2000 times emulsifiable solution of pesticides, such as omethoate, beta-cypermethrin, triamcinolone acetonide, etc. Should be sprayed on the surrounding environment of the bag every 4-6 days, which can receive obvious insect and insect repellent effect. Special attention: DDVP should not be sprayed during spawning, otherwise it will cause a large number of deformities of Pleurotus ostreatus after fruiting.

In the high temperature season, due to premature accumulation, the temperature of the material increases, which can not meet the conditions of fruiting, and the propagation time of mycelium is prolonged, forming a mushroom skin, which is too thick, not only causes the invalid loss of nutrients in the culture material, but also hinders the transformation of mycelium from vegetative growth to reproductive growth, delaying the fruiting time. The method of pushing buds in high temperature season is: open all the membranes at both ends and middle sides of the greenhouse during the day and night, let cold and warm air directly hit the fungus bag, and spray the space inside and outside the canopy membrane, the greenhouse and the ground with well water once a day at noon to reduce the bag temperature, artificially increase the temperature difference and promote the formation of fungus buds. When the mycelium is full and transparent, the bag is firm and elastic when touched by hand, and the surface of the mycelium secretes light yellow water droplets or granular primordium, it will produce mushrooms.

Mushroom production management: Mushrooms should come out early in summer and autumn, and each layer of mushroom bags should be separated by bamboo poles to prevent mushroom production failure or bacterial virus pollution caused by burning bags due to rising temperature. Spraying time is 10 in the morning and 1 in the afternoon. With the growth of mushrooms, the demand for oxygen and water is increasing. The spraying amount should be increased from small to large, the opening of the vent should be fully opened from 1/4, and it should be ventilated day and night. Ventilation and sprinkler management should be flexible, and ventilation should be increased and sprinkler should be reduced in rainy and foggy days to promote the rapid development of mushrooms; In case of windy weather, it is necessary to spray more water to maintain humidity, and properly close or reduce windward vents to prevent mushrooms from losing water too quickly and drying up. Never close the vent hole after spraying water to prevent the mushrooms from losing oxygen after absorbing water, which will hinder the nutrient delivery and lead to the yellowing and death of mushrooms. Special attention: closing the vent immediately after spraying water is one of the disasters that cause yellow and dead mushrooms. In short, in the whole mushroom growth stage, there should be a good humidity environment in the shed to keep the air fresh. In the hot season, mushrooms grow quickly because they are separated by bamboo poles.

The natural habitat of mushrooms.

1, forest, forest

Forests and Woods are ideal growing places for mushrooms, and Woods are the places with the highest yield among all mushroom growing places. Due to different tree species, different yields, shapes and types are also different. Mushrooms can decompose forest litter, provide organic matter for other plants and promote plant growth.

2. Miscellaneous trees and bushes

In the forest edge area, there are often patches of miscellaneous trees and bushes, which are also ideal places for mushrooms. Mushrooms grown here are easy to collect and produce Morchella.

Step 3: Grassland

Grassland is a fixed place, and there are few kinds of mushrooms. This place is rich in mushrooms, ghost umbrellas and other fungi, which are basically edible and occasionally produce toxic varieties. When mushrooms grow here, they often form mushroom circles.

4, fences, deadwood

This is a place where wood rot fungi are produced. Fat wood rot fungi such as auricularia auricula and Lentinus edodes often grow on the wood after rain. If not picked in time, some will be dried by the sun and some will shrink. After the rain, they will absorb water and expand and continue to grow.

5. Animal feces

This place specializes in poisonous mushrooms, but there are several kinds that can be used as medicine. Few people will collect the mushrooms on the dunghill because it smells like dung. Most of them are hallucinogenic fungi and cannot be eaten.

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