Is the growth cycle of Phyllostachys pubescens long, or the longer the better?

Phyllostachys pubescens is a perennial evergreen tree, but its growth and development are different from ordinary trees. It is an organism composed of whips, roots and buds in the underground part and stems, branches and leaves in the aboveground part. Phyllostachys pubescens not only has the geotropic growth of roots and the anti-geotropic growth of culms, but also has the lateral geotropic growth of whips (underground stems). Bamboo whips have strong meristematic reproduction ability, which are generally distributed in the upper soil of 15-40 cm, and each node has a lateral bud, which can develop into bamboo shoots or new bamboo whips. Every year at the end of summer and early autumn, some fat lateral buds on the whip of Zhuang bamboo begin to germinate and differentiate into bamboo shoots. In early winter, bamboo shoots are plump, yellow in shell (called baskets in some places) and fluffy, which is called winter bamboo shoots. During the low temperature period in winter, bamboo shoots are dormant in the soil, and continue to grow when the temperature rises in the following spring, which is called bamboo shoots. Some bamboo shoots are thriving. After 40-50 days of growth, the upper part of the bamboo stalk began to branch and spread leaves to become new bamboo. In the spring of the following year, the whole plant of Hsinchu changed leaves once, and then changed leaves once in the next two years. The change of each leaf is called a "degree". After 2-5 years of physiological metabolism, Hsinchu has strong whipping ability, and bamboo stalks are in the stage of young and strong bamboo. After 5-8 years of growth, the bamboo culms reach the middle-aged bamboo stage with stable mechanical strength; After more than 9 years, bamboo will have a tendency to decline in vitality and enter the bamboo aging stage. Therefore, in the cultivation of Phyllostachys pubescens, young and strong bamboos should be kept and middle and old bamboos should be cut down. In the past, bamboo grew in deep mountains and forests, and people didn't know how to manage it. With its natural growth, locals cut it down to build scaffolding, build houses or make a fire to cook. For many years, Phyllostachys pubescens has basically no pests and diseases, strong vitality and good material. In addition, there is a great demand for the development and market of Phyllostachys pubescens series products, and local people begin to improve and pay attention to the growing environment of Phyllostachys pubescens. Based on the management experience of bamboo farmers in various places, we will introduce the correct management methods of bamboo fields as follows: 1. Afforestation and soil preparation can create environmental conditions suitable for the survival of Phyllostachys pubescens and the growth of new bamboo. Before afforestation, soil preparation should be carried out in autumn and winter, including three processes: clearing forest land, reclamation and digging planting holes. The afforestation land with small slope adopts full reclamation, the afforestation land with large slope (15 ~ 25 degrees) adopts horizontal strip soil preparation, and the afforestation land with steep slope above 25 degrees adopts block soil preparation. Full reclamation and soil preparation refers to cutting and cleaning all weeds and shrubs in the afforestation area, scarifying them to a depth of 25-30 cm, turning the topsoil to the bottom, and removing large stones, thick tree pockets, roots, etc. Dig a hole from the soil and plant it at a fixed point. When digging a hole on a slope, it should be noted that the long side of the hole is parallel to the contour line. Band soil preparation means that the whole band is parallel to the contour line, and the broadband distance depends on the gentle steep slope and planting density, which is generally about 3 meters. Cut off weeds and shrubs in the whole zone, then reclaim along the zone, dig about 40 cm deep, and then dig holes in the turned zone according to afforestation density and plant spacing. Land preparation is to determine planting points according to planting density and plant spacing, remove weeds and shrubs about 2 meters around each planting point, and dig holes according to the planting points. No matter what kind of soil preparation method, before digging holes and planting holes, the afforestation density and plant spacing should be determined. The planting density of Phyllostachys pubescens is 20-35 plants per mu; The plant spacing can be 5 × 6m or 4×5m；; The specifications of planting holes are 1.5m long, 0.8m wide and 0.5m deep. 2. Afforestation season and method The good season for Phyllostachys pubescens afforestation is winter and early spring (i.e. 1 1 month to February of the following year). Afforestation methods include shifting bamboo afforestation and shifting whip afforestation. Among them, the method of transplanting bamboo is most widely used in production. First of all, choose mother bamboo for afforestation. In the unmanaged bamboo growing area, it is appropriate to choose the mother bamboo in the forest with bamboo age of 2-3 years, DBH 3-6 cm, vigorous growth, low branches, flourishing branches, normal bamboo joints and no pests and diseases. When digging, you should first judge the direction of the bamboo whip (generally parallel to the long side of the ellipse at the base of the mother bamboo pole), and then carefully pry open the soil to find the bamboo whip. The whip extending to the mother bamboo is called a whip, leaving 30-40 cm for truncation; The extended whip is called whipping, leaving 70-80 cm to cut off, and then gradually digging along both sides of the whip. When digging, you must bring more soil, so as not to hurt the root of the whip, the bamboo shoots, the "screw" (the joint between the bamboo pole and the bamboo whip) and the mother bamboo. After digging, leave 5-7 branches and cut off the bamboo tail. The shorter the distance and time of mother bamboo transportation, the better. After the mother bamboo is delivered, it should be planted at any time. When planting, two people should plant a tree. Check the east-west direction first, and then open a whip groove according to the whipping direction. You'd better dig a big pit to grow bamboo. The specifications of the hole are1.5m long, 0.6m wide and 0.8m deep. When planting shovels, first put 10- 15cm top soil on the bottom of the pit, and then gently put the mother bamboo in the into the pit to make the whip root elongate, and the lower part is closely connected with the soil, then fill it with the end of the hoe and tamp it down along the empty soil like this. The depth of filling is 3-5cm higher than that of the original mother bamboo, and it is filled into a steamed bread shape to prevent water from rotting the whip. When stabilizing soil and filling soil, it is necessary to prevent damage to whip roots and bamboo shoots. 3. Cultivation of winter bamboo shoots in Phyllostachys pubescens forest is the predecessor of spring bamboo shoots and a stage of growth and development of Phyllostachys pubescens. In the cultivation of timber bamboo forest, if winter bamboo shoots are dug indiscriminately, it will directly affect the output of spring bamboo shoots and new bamboo in the coming year. However, due to climate, nutrition and other factors, some winter bamboo shoots will not be unearthed and die. Therefore, digging shallow whip winter bamboo shoots before the "winter solstice" can not only promote the growth and development of bamboo shoots, but also increase the income of bamboo forests. When using timber bamboo forest to dig winter bamboo shoots, we must dig them scientifically and carefully on the premise of protecting bamboo shoots. The method of digging winter bamboo shoots is to select bamboo plants with dense branches and leaves and dark green leaves in the bamboo forest in the new year, find out the parts where the mud blocks are raised, cracked or the feet feel soft along the beating direction, carefully dig holes, and cover the soil and fill them up after digging. 4. Reclaiming and restoring mountainous areas means cutting down weeds and shrubs in bamboo forests, spreading them in woodland and letting them rot into organic fertilizer. Mountain cultivation is carried out 1-2 times a year, from July to September, preferably only once in early July. Reclamation is deep excavation, which is carried out every autumn and winter. 5. Fertilizer and water in bamboo forest soil are the basis of Phyllostachys pubescens growth, and fertility is the main factor affecting the high yield of bamboo forest. Phyllostachys pubescens grows fast and has high yield, and absorbs a lot of soil nutrients, so it needs to be supplemented by fertilization. Fertilizers are mainly manure, compost and other organic fertilizers. Where conditions permit, 50- 100 tons of organic fertilizer, 0/50-200 kilograms of cake fertilizer and 0/00-200 tons of pond mud can be applied per mu every year. Organic fertilizer combined with reclamation in autumn and winter to dig ditches or dig pits and bury soil. It is best to dilute chemical fertilizer or human feces with available water in the growing season of summer bamboo or within one month before and after bamboo shoots. Fertilization should be mainly based on nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers, mixed with nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers, and can be applied per mu 10- 15 kg. Before fertilization, ditch and fertilize at the root of Phyllostachys pubescens 20 cm. When ditching, ditching should be done along the slope, with a width of 40cm and a depth of 20cm (30cm, 10cm). The distance between the fertilization ditch and the next fertilization ditch should be about 2m (1.5m). Note: When ditching, if you encounter bamboo whips and roots, you should bypass 20 cm to avoid burning bamboo with fertilizer. After ditching, the compound fertilizer is evenly spread in the ditch in proportion, and then the cooked soil is backfilled and compacted. Phyllostachys pubescens likes moist and fertile soil environment and is afraid of water accumulation. Generally speaking, the water needed for the growth of Phyllostachys pubescens depends entirely on natural rainfall. With sufficient rain, bamboo forests can grow normally and winter bamboo shoots can flourish. In recent years, due to the serious destruction of ecology and the impermanence of climate change, there are more and more dry years. In order to improve this situation, experts suggest that water irrigation facilities should be installed in Phyllostachys pubescens forest and watered regularly. According to the area of Zhushan Mountain, choose far and near water sources, install sprinklers according to 50 square meters, and water regularly according to the weather changes. 6. Overwintering management Phyllostachys pubescens likes a warm and humid climate, requiring an annual average temperature of 65,438+04-20 degrees. Therefore, after the autumn and winter holidays every year, measures should be taken to prevent freezing and keep warm, and wheat straw, branches and leaves can be spread evenly around the roots of Phyllostachys pubescens. The thickness depends on the local climate, and it is generally enough to keep it at 10cm. 7. Reasonable cutting Reasonable cutting includes correctly determining cutting age, cutting season, cutting mode, cutting intensity and reasonable standing bamboo density. Phyllostachys pubescens stands are different in age, so they can only be cut by age class selection. The selection of cutting age should be based on the principle of 1-3 years, 3-5 years and 6-8 years. Except for individual gaps, all the others are suitable for cutting and utilization. In order to correctly grasp the age of each standing bamboo, we can mark the year on the bamboo pole with ink after the new bamboo becomes a bamboo every year. The harvesting season should be carried out in autumn and winter when the temperature is low, the physiological activity of bamboo is weakened, the mechanical properties of bamboo are good and it is not easy to be eaten by insects. Cutting method should be based on bamboo age, bamboo plant distribution, bamboo growth, etc. before cutting, according to the principles of cutting old to protect young, cutting dense to protect sparse, cutting weak to protect strong, and then cutting in the same place. It is best to cut down bamboo forests with obvious size every two years, that is, in the winter of the new year; The density of Phyllostachys pubescens timber forest should be maintained at 200 ~ 250 plants per mu. The best age composition is 1 year-old bamboo, 2-3-year-old bamboo, 4-5-year-old bamboo each accounting for about 25%, and the remaining 6-8-year-old bamboo accounts for about 25%. The difference between bamboo and old bamboo is obvious. Generally, the growth period of bamboo is judged by referring to the skin color of bamboo poles. In this way, the skin is bright green and there is white alkali on the surface, which is the new bamboo of that year. The white alkaline substance recedes, and the epidermis gradually turns gray and becomes biennial bamboo; The epidermis is black, and the spots have entered the old bamboo, so it can be cut down and used. When cutting, cut the bamboo from the root by operation and push it down the hillside with both hands. Subsequently, the roots (bamboo bags) of Phyllostachys pubescens should be cut into a hole in this way, and the bag should be fertilized or injected with appropriate amount of water. The purpose of this is to remove the old bamboo roots and expand the growth of the whip pressure point of the new bamboo. Phyllostachys pubescens planting generally chooses 165438+ 10 to February of the following year as cloudy day after rain. Before planting, apply base fertilizer to each hole. Each hole can be applied with10-20kg effective fertilizer or 0.5-10-20kg compound fertilizer. After applying base fertilizer, cover a layer of topsoil and mix well. When planting, put the mother bamboo into the hole, and place the whip root of the mother bamboo in parallel with the hole length direction to make the root stretch, and the depth should be about 3-5 cm below the hole surface. Cover the surface soil first, then fill the core soil, and fill the soil in layers to make the whip root closely combined with the soil. Be careful not to push too hard after trampling, so as not to damage the whip root. After planting, root water should be poured in sunny days, and then the soil should be loosened to 5- 10 cm above the ground, and the surface should be covered with thatch, and then the mother bamboo pole should be supported and fixed with brackets to prevent the wind from shaking and affecting the survival. I hope it helps you!