How to grow pears?

During the period from the beginning of September to the end of 10, the pear orchard needs to complete five main tasks: 1. For varieties with poor performance traits, such as Gaoxin, Changshou, Qiushui, etc., high grafting should be carried out to improve the quality. Bud grafting can be carried out from early September of 10 to early October of 10, and branch grafting can be carried out after the middle of 10. Multi-head high grafting can quickly restore the yield, while the original old varieties on the tree can still have a certain yield. Generally, it is a 3-year-old tree with more than 15 buds; A five-year-old tree should have more than 50 buds. If grafting is not completed in autumn, replanting can be carried out in February of the following year. Second, pull the branches. Generally, 2-3-year-old pear trees mainly pull the main branch or extend the main branch, and assist the main branch. And 4-5-year-old trees mainly pull auxiliary main branch extension, lateral branches and secondary main branches. Autumn branches are soft and not easy to break, and the shape is fast. Branches should be leveled or head-down, and will rebound upward after a period of looseness. The auxiliary main branch should be lower than the main branch, the lateral branch should be lower than the auxiliary main branch, and other upright branches need not be pulled. Third, apply organic fertilizer. It is best to apply manure in deep furrow, and the amount is 1000- 1500 kg per mu, plus1100 calcium superphosphate. When fertilizing, it is best to fertilize the soil at the same time or fertilize the soil layer by layer. Trenching depth is not less than 40 cm, width is 30-40 cm, and the length depends on the size of the tree. Generally, it is 1-2 years old 40 cm, 3-4 years old 60 cm, 5-6 years old 80 cm, and over 6 years old 1 m. The ditch dug on the east and west sides of the tree last year will be dug on the north and south sides of the tree next year, and the outer side of the original fertilization ditch will be dug every year. Fourth, eliminate weeds. Give priority to manual weeding and use chemical weeding as little as possible. The purpose of weeding is to prevent weeds from competing with fruit trees for fertilizer and reduce the number of grass seeds in the soil in the coming year. Pay close attention to locusts and Noctuidae pests eating leaves on trees after weeding. If it happens seriously, it still needs to be controlled. If the hay layer is thick and dense, do a good job of fire prevention. Five, pest control. The temperature is still high in early autumn, which is prone to the harm of red spider and pear net stinkbug. In addition, there are late-onset leaf-eating insect larvae, such as caterpillars, moths, etc. If the leaves are wet and rainy, black spot disease, ring rot and mottled defoliation are prone to occur. Therefore, it is still necessary to spray 1-2 times after the pear is harvested, and agents such as nisolone, pyrethroid and mancozeb can be used. At the same time, it is necessary to clear the dead branches of pear trees in time, take out pear orchards and burn them, so as to reduce the overwintering base of moths and other pests.