Application of computers in weather forecasting

Meteorological information exchange is the basic system and support system for modern meteorological services. It mainly includes: communication network, data storage management and exclusive services, high-performance computer communication, etc. Information exchange is an infrastructure for the transmission of meteorological information, storage management, computer processing, and resource sharing. Its occurrence is meteorological It is one of the important signs of modernization level and directly affects whether meteorological business departments and users can obtain and send domestic and foreign meteorological information in a timely and rapid manner. It is related to whether meteorology can provide high-quality meteorological services for governments at all levels, national economy and national defense construction, etc. The development of meteorological information exchange is driven by the development of other meteorological business exchanges, and also restricts the rapid development of other systems.

1. The need for meteorological information exchange

Meteorological information is a national basic and strategic information resource and an important part of the national basic space information. Decisions on many major international and domestic issues related to the process of my country's modernization drive. All require the support of a large amount of meteorological information. For example: weather forecast, climate prediction, climate change, sustainable development, etc., many major national engineering projects also urgently need meteorological information services.

1.1 Meteorological information collection and transmission capacity requirements

In terms of meteorological information collection and transmission, the characteristics of the future development of meteorological business services are: the question of meteorological departments at all levels across the country, each The interconnection of departments requires the support of broadband networks. Meteorological information that has a greater impact on improving the meteorological data collection network includes: new generation Doppler weather radar data, satellite data, automatic station spatio-temporal encryption observation data, lightning positioning and detection data, and GPS /MET observation data, wind profile control and measurement data, and other multi-circle data required for climate communication prediction, etc.; as various numerical models continue to be developed and commercialized, and computer processing capabilities continue to improve, the resulting forecasts , it is predicted that the number of products will increase significantly. Furthermore, the requirements for distributing products through the network are getting higher and higher, and the new generation of TV weather consultation requires the support and integration of broadband networks. The information processing platform requires not only network connection with the meteorological information processing, analysis, prediction and communication at the same level, but also network connection with various external service objects. The production and delivery of TV programs for the meteorological dedicated channel also require the support of a broadband network.

1.2 Requirements for meteorological information processing capabilities

The processing requirements for meteorological information mainly refer to numerical forecasts such as meteorology, oceans, hydrology, air quality, etc., forecasting business and scientific research for high-level Performance computer capability requirements. With the continuous improvement of models and data assimilation methods, the continuous improvement of spatial and temporal resolution and accuracy, the continuous extension of forecast timeliness, and the continuous development of ensemble forecasts, the types of operations continue to increase, and the demand for computing and storage resources increases exponentially. It is expected that by 2010 In 2017, the demand for high-performance computer capabilities in meteorological processing was a peak performance of 200Tflops (200 trillion floating-point operations/second) or more.

1.3 Meteorological data storage management and sharing requirements

With the comprehensive construction and continuous improvement of the comprehensive observation system, the amount of meteorological data that can be obtained and utilized will increase exponentially Yes, with the continuous enhancement and development of forecasting and forecasting business capabilities, the number of forecasting and forecasting products will increase significantly, and all walks of life have increasingly urgent needs for meteorological information development and sharing; the above needs have great impact on the storage, management and application of meteorological data. All put forward higher and updated requirements.

2. Current status of domestic meteorological information systems

The meteorological industry collects, processes, distributes and archives a large amount of information. Meteorological business work requires the application of various information technologies where it must be stored. Information technology has also penetrated into all aspects of the meteorological industry.

Since the 1990s, my country's meteorological information system, represented by meteorological communication networks and high-performance computers, has made long-term progress and formed a relatively complete and operational set of real-time meteorological information exchange