A compilation of classical Chinese works "The Story of Yueyang Tower" and "The Story of Xiaoshitan"

Junior second grade Chinese language instruction practice lecture notes "The Story of Yueyang Tower" (teacher)

Lecture topic 27 "The Story of Yueyang Tower" lesson type: Reading lecturer: Feng Yi

Audit; name of the second grade group: May 6, 2008

Teaching objectives: 1. Read aloud and recite the full text .

2. Learn how to write articles that skillfully combine narrative, scene description, lyricism and discussion.

3. Understand the main points stated by the author.

4. Learn and accumulate classical Chinese vocabulary.

5. Deeply understand and correctly evaluate Fan Zhongyan’s life ideals and political ambitions of “worrying about the world’s worries first, and rejoicing after the world’s happiness”, and establish a correct outlook on life.

Teaching focus: 1. Clear the meaning of the text and understand the author's lofty ideological realm of "worrying about the world's worries first, and rejoicing after the world's happiness".

2. Learn how to write articles that combine narrative, scene description, discussion, and lyricism, and understand the syntactic form of articles that combine parallel prose with prose. ?

3. Master the meaning of common content words and the usage of function words in the text.

4. Read and recite the text emotionally.

Teaching difficulties: 1. Learn how to write articles that skillfully combine narrative, scene description, lyricism and discussion.

2. Understand the main points stated by the author. Understand the author's intention of describing scenes and expressing emotions

Class schedule: four classes

Text introduction: "The Story of Yueyang Tower" is a narrative written by Fan Zhongyan about the newly renovated Yueyang Tower at the request of his friend Teng Zijing. ?The author uses concise and concise language to narrate the whole story, describe the grand view of Dongting Lake, exaggerate the situation of sadness and joy, and put forward the noble idea of ??"worry before the world is worried, and be happy after the world is happy" Thoughts, behind the records of mountains and rivers, contain the author's infatuation with the concern for the country and the people after the failure of political reform.

Teaching process:

1. Preview before class and warm up by self-study.

1. Look up the dictionary and read the pinyin of the following braille characters:?

Relegated Shou? Zhaohui? Xiyin? Qianke Saoren?

霪雨? Faint and dim dusk?

Hidden form? The bright moon on the shore of Zhi Ting Lan?

The heart is relaxed and the spirit is just right to love and humiliate the same ambition? The vast soup?

2 , read the full text aloud and achieve basic recitation.

3. Look up the dictionary, compare the notes, and try to translate the text.

2. Introduction of new lessons:

1. Introduction to the writer.

"Yueyang Tower" is selected from "Fan Wenzhenggong Collection", written by Fan Zhongyan (989-1052), courtesy name Xiwen, a native of Wuxian County, Suzhou, a politician and writer in the Northern Song Dynasty. He was born in poverty, lost his father when he was young, and deeply felt the pain of the lower class people. He was promoted to Jinshi at the age of 26. Because he dared to speak out and give strong advice, he was repeatedly criticized and was not reused for a long time. During the Tiansheng reign of Emperor Renzong of the Song Dynasty, he served as the salt officer of Xixi and proposed to build and defend the sea weir in Taizhou. In the third year of Baoyuan's reign, he served as deputy envoy of Shaanxi economic strategy, appeasement and recruitment, strengthened the defense of Xixia, and made many military exploits. In the third year of Qingli, Xixia asked for peace, and Fan Zhongyan returned to the court and was appointed as the governor of political affairs. He once proposed ten reform measures, including restricting the use of "siyin" officials, selecting capable personnel, strictly implementing the directives of government orders, and advocating the construction of water conservancy projects. Due to opposition from conservatives, he was dismissed from power. In the fifth year of Qingli, he was demoted to Dengzhou and later served as the governor of Hangzhou and Qingzhou. Later, he died of illness on the way to Yingzhou for appointment. After his death, he was given the posthumous title Wenzheng and was known as "Fan Wenzhenggong" in the world. ?

In his sixty-four-year-old life, he unswervingly pursued his life ideals and political opinions, and was highly praised by his current generation and future generations. The articles and poems are both extraordinary and extraordinary, and they are the image and externalization of his aspirations and emotions. There is "Fan Wenzhenggong Collection" handed down from generation to generation. 2. Background information.

"Yueyang Tower" was written by Fan Zhongyan at the request of his friend Teng Zijing when he was dismissed to participate in political affairs and demoted to Dengzhou, Henan. Xinzijing asked Fan Zhongyan to write a note for the reconstruction of Yueyang Tower and sent him a painting of "Late Autumn in Dongting". Based on this picture and his rich imagination, Fan Zhongyan wrote the famous story "Yueyang Tower". Teng Zijing and Fan Zhongyan were promoted to Jinshi in the same year. Because of their outstanding talents but arrogance, they were jealous of the powerful and demoted to Yuezhou as the prefect. Fan Zhongyan was familiar with his thoughts and character, and often wanted to comfort him, but never had the chance. It happened that Teng Zijing was renovating the Yueyang Tower and asked Fan Zhongyan to take note of the victory. This gave Fan Zhongyan a good opportunity to regulate himself. Because he was being demoted, he also needed to express his ideals, so Fan Zhongyan wrote this article to express himself. A time-honored piece of wisdom and persuasion to friends. ?

3. Yueyang Tower.

The Yueyang Tower is located at the foot of Baqiu Mountain in Yueyang City, Hunan Province. It was originally the military parade platform for Lu Su, the governor of the Wu Kingdom during the Three Kingdoms period. In the Tang Dynasty, Zhang Shuo built a pavilion at the former site of the military parade and named it "Yueyang Tower". He often climbed the tower with literati Yake to compose poems. Later, poets such as Li Bai, Du Fu, Bai Juyi, Li Shangyin, Liu Yuxi, Meng Haoran, etc. successively climbed to the tower to chant, and Yueyang Tower became more and more famous. ? 3. Perceive the text as a whole:

1. Read the text emotionally.

Pay attention to rhythm when reading aloud. This article combines parallel prose and prose. When reading parallel sentences, the rhythm must be uniform, and all four-character sentences must have two words each. 2. Ask students to translate paragraph 1 and pay attention to the explanations of the following words.

Fatty Jing was relegated to guard Baling County: In ancient times, officials were demoted or transferred to distant places. Shou refers to being the chief of a state or county. ?Over the next year: It’s the second year. ?Government is smooth and people are harmonious: smooth and smooth. Harmony, harmony.

A hundred wastes and tools will emerge: tools, the same as "all", all, all. ?Increase its old system: system, scale. ? Belong to me and write down it in writing: Belong is the same as "instruction", admonishment.

3. Ask students to translate paragraph 2 and pay attention to the explanations of the following words.

Yu Guanfu’s description of the scenic spot in Baling County: scenic spot, scenic spot, good scenery. Hao Hao Tang Tang: Hao Hao Chang Tang. ?Hengwujiya: broad and boundless. Ya, edge.

Morning and evening: Cloudy and sunny changes in the morning or evening (during the day). Hui, sunlight. This is the grand view of Yueyang Tower: grand view, majestic scene. The descriptions of predecessors are prepared: describe, discuss. Prepared, detailed.

But the north is connected to Wu Gorge: However, (since) this is the case, then...? Antarctic Xiaoxiang: extremely, to the end. Xiaoxiang, Xiaoshui Xiangshui. Qianke poet: Qianke, relegated, refers to a person who is demoted and transferred to a distant place. Sao Ren: poet,? 4. Ask students to translate paragraph 3 and pay attention to the explanations of the following words.

Ruofu Feiyu Feifei: Ruofu, used at the beginning of a paragraph, means mentioning another thing, similar to "like that". ?霪雨: continuous rain. ?Feifei: the appearance of dense rain (or snow).

The moon does not open continuously: it opens and the sky clears. ?Zhuolang emptying: emptying, rushing to the sky. Sun and star Yinyao: Yinyao, dimmed their brilliance. Hidden form of mountains: Hidden form, hiding traces.

The wall fell down and was destroyed: wall, mast. Ji, oar. Mingmu Mingming: thin (ratio), approaching. Mingming, the sky is dark. ?Go to the country and miss your hometown: go to the country and leave the capital.

Worried about slander and fear of ridicule: slander, slander, slanderous words. Ridicule: ridicule, ridicule, sarcasm. His eyes were full of desolation. Xiao Ran, a desolate and desolate scene. ?Those who feel extremely sad are: feeling, sighing.

5. Ask students to translate paragraph 4 and pay attention to the explanations of the following words.

Zhi Ruochun and Jing Ming: Zhi Ruo, used at the beginning of another paragraph to elicit another level of description, is similar to "as to" and "also like". Bo Bu Jing: Jing, here means "rising" and "moving".

Skylight above and below: skylight, sky color, lake light. ?One blue ten thousand hectares: Ten thousand hectares, extremely wide. ?Shagull Xiangji: Xiangji, sometimes flying and sometimes stopping. Set, rest, the bird rests on the tree.

Jinlin swimming: Jinlin refers to beautiful fish. ? Shore Li Tinglan: blue, vanilla. Ting, a small island in the water. ?Yuyu Qingqing: Yuyu, describing the fragrance as very strong.

And or the smoke is gone: and or, sometimes. Long smoke, big smoke. Once empty, completely dissipated. One, all. Floating light leaps into gold: leaping into gold, the golden moonlight shines and dances.

Jingying Shenbi: wall, round jade. ?How extreme is this joy? How extreme is it? It has no end. ?Favor and disgrace are forgotten together: favor, glory. Humiliation, humiliation. Together, together. ?Gangjiu Linfeng: hold, hold, hold. Facing the wind, facing the breeze.

6. Ask students to translate paragraph 5, paying attention to the explanations of the following words.

I have tried to seek the heart of ancient benevolent people: seek, explore. Ancient benevolent people, people with noble moral character in ancient times. ?The difference between the two is: or, close to maybe, the meaning of maybe, expressing a euphemistic tone. We, here refers to psychological activities

Don't be happy with things, don't be sad with yourself: don't be happy or sad because of the good or bad of external things and your own gains and losses. Living in a high temple means worrying about the people: being in a high temple means serving as an official in the court.

To live far away from the rivers and lakes is to worry about the king: To live far away from the rivers and lakes means not to be an official in the court. It's true that progress is also worrying, and retreating is also worrying: yes, that's it. Jin means to be an official in the court. Retreat means not to serve as an official in the court.

It must be said, "You can worry about the worries of the world, and be happy after the happiness of the world." Then it must be said: "Before the people of the world are worried, you will have no worries, and you will be happy after the people of the world are happy." First, before... After, after...··After.

Weisi people, who should I return to? If there is no such person, who should I be with? Micro, nothing, nothing. Whoever returns with you means “return with whom you return”. Return, take refuge. 4. Accumulation of classical Chinese phenomena:

1. One word has multiple meanings.

⑴He: Zhengtong and Renhe (harmony) to Ruochun and Jingming (harmony)

⑵Tong: Zhengtong and Renhe (smoothly) North to Wuxia (to)

< p>⑶View: I look at the grand view of Baling (see). This is the grand view of Yueyang Tower (scene)

⑷Empty: The turbid waves empty (the sky) and the long smoke disappears (dissipate)

⑸One: A vast expanse of blue (one)? Long smoke and an empty sky (all)

⑹Pole: Xiaoxiang, Antarctica (extreme, straight through)? Those who feel extremely sad (extreme) What is the joy of this Extremely (exhaustive)

⑺: Belong to me and write down it (come)? Don’t be happy with things, don’t be sad with yourself (because)

⑻ Or: Or smoke One empty (sometimes)? Or two different ones (maybe, maybe)

2. Tongjiazi. ⑴ A hundred wastes have a new beginning ("Ju" is connected with "Ji", Quan, Du.) ⑵ Composition is written to record it ("Zu" is connected with "Zhi", "Exhortation", "Exhortation", "Entrustment") 3. Flexible use of parts of speech. ⑴ In the spring of the fourth year of Qingli, Teng Zijing was relegated to guard Baling County ("Shou": noun as verb, "to be... the prefect".)? ⑵ Worry about the world's worries first, and rejoice after the world's happiness. ("Xian": the adjective is used as an adverbial "before...". "After": the adjective is used as an adverbial "after...".)?

4. Different meanings in ancient and modern times. ⑴? Thousands of weather (the ancient meaning of meteorology: scene. Today’s meaning: the state and phenomenon of the atmosphere.) ⑵? Weisi people (Wei’s ancient meaning: none. Today’s meaning: small.)

5. Special sentence patterns . ⑴ It carries distant mountains and swallows the Yangtze River... (omitted sentence)? ⑵ Carves poems and poems by Tang Xian and modern people on it.

(Adverbial postposition) ⑶ Most of the poets who moved here met here. (Adverbial postposition) ⑷ Living high in the temple..., far away from the rivers and lakes.... (attributive postposition)? ⑸Who am I to return to? (object preposition)?

6. Idioms that have been passed down to this day. A person who understands politics and people? A vast expanse of water, a vast expanse of blue water, a vast expanse of water, a vast expanse of water, a vast expanse of water, a vast expanse of land, a vast expanse of joy, a myriad of sights and sounds? A hundred wastes can be revived

2. Seminar text:

1. Recite the full text.

2. Before reciting, you must understand the hierarchical structure of the article. This will help you quickly grasp the content of the article and recite it

quickly. Next, ask students to divide the text into paragraphs and summarize the meaning of the paragraphs.

The full text has 6 paragraphs and is divided into four parts.

The first part (1 paragraph): Write the background of the reconstruction of Yueyang Tower and the reason for writing.

The second part (paragraphs 2 to 4): Describes the scenery around Yueyang Tower, eliciting two different feelings generated by "immigrant poets" who climb the tower to "view things". ? (the main body of the full text)

It can be divided into two levels.

The first level (paragraph 2): Write about the scenery of Dongting Lake and raise the question of "immigrant poets" and "the feeling of seeing things is the same".

The second level (paragraphs 3 to 4): The "feelings of seeing things" of "immigrated poets" vary depending on the scene.

The third part (5 paragraphs): expresses the author's broad-mindedness and political ambition through the exploration of "the heart of ancient benevolent people". ?

Part 4 (6 paragraphs): Point out the time when the "note" was made. (This is the core of the full text.)

3. Question: When writing an article, one or two aphorisms (key words) are often used to revive the whole article. The first paragraph describes the background of the Yueyang Tower’s reconstruction. This background is What? What does it mean?

Discuss and summarize: "Rebuilding the Yueyang Tower" on the basis of "the government is harmonious and people are harmonious, and everything is prosperous" shows that Teng Zijing still did not feel sorry for himself and managed the political affairs in an orderly manner despite the adversity of being relegated. This shows that the author appreciates his broad-mindedness, which is different from ordinary "immigrants".

4. Question: In the second paragraph, when writing about the panoramic view of Dongting Lake, use "connecting distant mountains and swallowing the Yangtze River". If "connecting" is changed to "connecting" and "swallowing" is changed to "connecting" OK? Why?

Discuss and summarize: Dongting Lake is an inanimate thing, and the words "title" and "swallow" make people feel alive. The relationship between "distant mountains", "Yangtze River" and Dongting Lake is written clearly It comes alive and becomes a majestic and moving picture. If you use "connect" and "connect" instead, it will only objectively illustrate the relative positions of the three, the picture will be static, and the effect will not be as good.

5. Question: What are the majestic scenes seen from the Yueyang Tower? ?

Discuss and summarize:

(1) Extraordinary momentum: "Holding distant mountains and swallowing the Yangtze River."

(2) Boundless and boundless: "The vast water is boundless."

(3) The scenery of lakes and mountains: "The sun shines in the morning and the sun sets in the evening, and the scenery is endless."

6. Question: The author did not stop at describing the scenery, but used "but" to describe what he wrote about the geographical situation of Yueyang Tower?

Discuss and summarize: Write about the "feeling of viewing things" of "immigrant poets".

7. Read paragraph 3 aloud and ask: What kind of atmosphere does this picture create, and why is there such a mood?

Discuss and summarize: Try to exaggerate the "sad" atmosphere and feel sad because of yourself.

8. Read paragraph 4 aloud and ask: What kind of atmosphere does this picture create, and why is there such a mood?

Discuss and summarize: try your best to exaggerate the "happy" atmosphere and be happy because of things.

9. Question: What words does the author use to summarize the "sadness" and "joy" of "immigrated guest poets"? What is the purpose of writing this?

Discuss and summarize: "Going to the country to miss the hometown, worrying about slander and fear of ridicule" summarizes the "sadness" of "immigrating poets"; "Relaxation and joy, forgetting favors and disgrace" summarizes " The "happiness" of "relocating guest poets". The purpose of writing this is to compare the joys and sorrows of this type of people with the "hearts of ancient benevolent people", leading to the following, naturally transitioning from writing to discussion, and highlighting the main purpose of the full text.

10. Question: What is the "heart of an ancient benevolent person"?

Discuss and summarize: The connotation is "not to be happy with things, not to be sad with oneself"

11. Question: "Ancient benevolence". What is the worry and optimism of "people"??

Discuss and summarize: Let's talk about "worry" first: "If you live high in a temple, you worry about its people; if you live far away from the rivers and lakes, you will worry about it.

Jun", "worry before the worries of the world". Then talk about "happiness", "please before the happiness of the world".

12. Question: What does "advance" mean? What does "retreat" mean? ?

Discuss and summarize: "Advance" means "living high in the temple" and serving as an official in the court; "retreat" means "living far away from the world" and not being in the court. Be an official. (Method)

13. Question: Who does the "Si people" in "Weisi people" refer to?

Discuss and summarize: It refers to ancient people, but also implies. Teng Zijing expresses his condolences and admonishment to Teng Zijing

14. Question: How to understand the sentence "worry before the world is worried, and be happy after the world is happy".

Discuss and summarize: Ancient my country has long had the idea of ??"having fun with the people": "Those who are happy with the people will also be happy; those who are concerned about the people's worries will also be happy." Its worry. He is happy with the world and worried about the world. However, there is no one who is not a king. "The saying here of "being happy with the world and worrying about the world" comes from the people-centered thinking.

In this article, Fan Zhongyan developed it into the view of "worry about the world's worries first, and be happy after the world's happiness", and used this as a principle to treat advancement and retreat at any time, showing his broad-minded mind and great ambition. The spirit he advocated to endure hardship before enjoyment still has reference and educational significance today.

15. Question: How does the last paragraph of the article lead to this aphorism?

Discuss and summarize: The author very cleverly uses questions to advance step by step, and finally points out the aphorism. First, the question is asked in a comparative way, and the connotation of "the heart of the six ancient people" is clarified by "Don't be happy with things...but worry about the king", which shows the broad mind and noble moral sentiments of the "ancient benevolent people". This leads to the conclusion that "advancing is also worrying, retreating is also worrying", highlighting the word "worry", which naturally leads to the second question "when will you be happy", which makes the article advance to another level after the question, and the aphorism appears. Very impressive.

3. Writing characteristics: ?

1. Appropriate complexity and simplicity, with layers of momentum.

2. Narration, scene description, and discussion. , lyrical writing style.

3. Combining parallel prose and prose, the words are full of vitality.

4. The purpose of the article:

This article is based on the analysis of the scenery around Yueyang Tower. The description, as well as the analysis of the "emotion of viewing things" of "immigrant poets", express the author's broad-minded mind of "not being happy with things, not being sad with oneself" and "worrying about the world first, and rejoicing after the world is happy". "The political ambition of "Yueyang Tower" also expresses the comfort and admonition to his friend Teng Zijing.

5. Teaching summary:

This article is titled "The Story of Yueyang Tower", so it is natural to write about Yueyang Tower. The scenery, but the author's intention is to use the topic to talk about a person's political ambitions, and use this to guide friends. The article starts with the narrative, starting from the background of the Yueyang Tower's reconstruction, talking about the "grand view" of the Yueyang Tower, and then writes about "relocation". The feeling of one sad and one happy when the "guest poet" climbed up the building, and finally compared this feeling with the "heart of ancient benevolent people", and naturally made a discussion to explain the author's intention. The article naturally combines narrative description, lyricism and discussion. , the sentence pattern is intertwined, the rhythm is constantly changing, and the tone is sonorous when read, which makes people feel aesthetically

6. Assignments:

1. Complete the after-class exercises 1. , Questions 2 and 4.

2. Preview "The Drunken Old Man's Pavilion" Extension exercises:

Read the following paragraph and answer the questions.

Sigh! I try to seek the heart of the benevolent people in ancient times, but why should I be different from the two? Don't be happy with things, don't be sad with yourself; if you live high in the temple, you will worry about the people; if you are far away from the rivers and lakes, you will worry about the king. Worrying, retreating is also worrying. But when will you be happy? It must be said, "Be worried about the world's worries, and be happy after the world's happiness." Hey! Who can I return to?

1. The incorrect understanding of this paragraph is (B?)

A. The beginning of this paragraph compares "the heart of the ancient benevolent people" with "the behavior of the two", which leads to the following discussion. ?B. "If you retreat, you will worry about the people." C. "Who can I return to if I live in a temple?" This sentence means: If there is no such person, I will be the same. Who will join? D. This passage expresses the author's broad-mindedness and political ambition. 2. The group with the correct pronunciation for the underlined words is (?C?). Hao Hao Tang Tang (?shāng?)

Love and disgrace together (?jiē?)?xié

B. An Zhidinglan (?dīng?)?tīng

Relegated to Baling County (?zhé?)

C． A vast expanse of blue (?qǐng?)?

The rain is falling (?yín?)

D. Relaxed and happy (?yí?)?

The wind is howling (?hào?)?háo

⒉The incorrect interpretation of the following underlined words is (?C?).

A. I'm looking at the scenery of Baling (beautiful scenery)

Morning glow and sunset (sunlight)

B. Teng Zijing was relegated to Baling County (as governor of...)

A hundred wastes were made to make a fortune (a new thing was established)

C. Antarctica Xiaoxiang (end)

The dusk is dark (opposite to "thick")

D. The descriptions of the predecessors have been prepared (detailed)

If you live high in a temple, you will worry about the people (in)

⒊One of the following underlined words has the same meaning (? C). A. Write a composition to remember it. Don’t be happy with things, don’t be sad with yourself B. Go to the country and miss your hometown

Enemies abroad are troublesome C. The smoke is long and the sky is full of blue and green. D． This is the grand view of Yueyang Tower

⒋The sentence without the word "tong" is (?D). A. The next year, the government will be harmonious and people will be harmonious, and everything will be prosperous. B. It belongs to me to write down to record it. C. The wise old man died in the bend of the river. D. It carries distant mountains and swallows the Yangtze River, a vast and endless river.

⒌The following item that is not dual is (?C?). A. It leads to Wu Gorge in the north and Xiaoxiang in the South Pole. B. The sun and stars are shining, and the mountains are hidden. C. The sun shines brightly in the morning and the sun sets in the evening. The scenery is endless. D. If you live high in a temple, you will worry about your people; if you live far away from the rivers and lakes, you will worry about your ruler.

6. "The Story of Yueyang Tower" is selected from "", the author, whose courtesy name is Xiwen, was born in the Song Dynasty.

⒎ "The Story of Yueyang Tower" is a famous article in the past dynasties. The article uses concise and beautiful language to encourage friends to learn from the noble sentiments of ancient benevolent people, and expresses "?.

" lofty political ambitions.

Read the passage and answer the questions.

I have tried to pursue the benevolent people of ancient times, but why are they different from the two? Don't be happy with things, don't be sad with yourself; if you live high in the temple, you will worry about the people, but if you live far away from the rivers and lakes, you will be worried about the people. Worry about his king. It means that you are worried when you advance, and you are also worried when you retreat. But when will you be happy? It must be said: "Be worried about the world's worries first, and then be happy when the world is happy." Hey! Weisi people, who am I going to return to?

⒏Choose the one that correctly understands the dotted words "or" and "wei" ().

A. Maybe? Because B. Or? Mood

C. Maybe? Mood D. Or? Because

⒐ Please divide the rhythm of the following sentence.

If the height of the residence/temple/hall is high, the people will be worried about it.

⒑Choose the answer to "or the difference between the two" The correct understanding of "both" in "" is (). A. Refers to the two situations of sorrow in "not to be happy with things, not to be sad with oneself". B. It refers to two different people: "Tang Xian" and "Jinren". C. It refers to the two situations in "The Migrant Scholar" where one feels happy when looking at things and one feels sad when looking at things. D. Refers to "the one who is worried, slandered and afraid of ridicule" and "the one who is relaxed and happy".

⒒The correct meaning of "not to be happy with things, not to be sad with oneself" is:

not because of the external things Happy or sad about good or bad and personal gains and losses.

⒓The central meaning of this passage is:

It expresses the author's broad mind and political ambition.

13. Sentences in the article that express the author’s broad-mindedness: Don’t be happy with things, don’t be sad with yourself.

14. Sentences in the article that can express the author's political ambition: Worry about the world first, and rejoice after the world's happiness.