Common sense of prevention and treatment of nephropathy

(1) The most important measure to strengthen physical fitness and prevent nephropathy is to strengthen physical exercise and enhance the body's disease resistance. There are many ways to exercise, such as walking, long-distance running, dancing, mountain climbing, boating, martial arts, qigong and Tai Ji Chuan. , are conducive to strengthening physical fitness, improving the body's resistance, and preventing immune reactive damage after infection with bacterial viruses.

(2) Prevention of infection nephritis is often related to upper respiratory tract infection, which is often caused by exogenous pathogenic factors such as wind-cold, wind-heat, rheumatism, damp-heat and toxic heat. Therefore, to prevent the onset of nephritis, we should pay attention to the changes of cold and warm weather, avoid going out in rainy days, avoid sweating, wading in the rain and wearing wet clothes, and always be alert to the invasion of exogenous pathogens.

(3) It is very important to develop good living habits in daily life. Due to irregular life, lack of sleep, overeating, excessive wine and color, fatigue and other reasons, the body's resistance to foreign evils can be reduced and the chance of illness can be increased. Therefore, in daily life, we should combine work and rest, combine work and rest, maintain the balance of yin and yang, and keep the blood flowing smoothly.

(4) Early treatment of skin ulcer, itching, upper respiratory tract infection and tonsillitis may lead to nephritis. Therefore, early treatment of diseases is very necessary. Keeping vulva clean and changing clothes frequently can prevent urinary tract infection; Keeping defecation unobstructed and defecating regularly is beneficial to the elimination of metabolic waste.

(5) People who are optimistic and have congenital qualities of nephritis should be alert to the occurrence of nephritis, but they should not be pessimistic. Instead, we should eliminate the panic about the disease, learn from the development of parents and relatives, and actively prevent it. In addition to strengthening physical exercise at ordinary times, people with deficiency of kidney yin can often take Liuwei Dihuang Pill, and those with deficiency of qi can often take Yupingfeng Powder to tonify the kidney and strengthen the body and protect the exterior, so as to prevent the occurrence of nephritis caused by the invasion of exogenous pathogens.

(6) Use aminoglycoside antibiotics with caution, such as gentamicin, kanamycin, streptomycin, amikacin, polymyxin, tetracycline, vancomycin, amphotericin B, cefotaxime II, etc., which have certain nephrotoxicity or are easy to cause renal damage, try not to use them. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, such as aspirin, ibuprofen, phenylbutazone, indomethacin, etc. It is also easy to cause kidney damage and is not suitable for patients with kidney disease. Other drugs, such as sulfonamides, Rishenfuping, contrast agents, antineoplastic drugs, etc., also produce nephrotoxicity, which should be paid enough attention to in specific application, or avoided or reduced in dosage.

I want to know the basic knowledge of kidney disease.

The latest treatment of nephritis nephrotic syndrome

The latest medical discovery: nephritis and nephrotic syndrome are caused by hemolytic streptococcus, virus and other infections, which are swallowed up by immune cells in the body and form immune complexes.

Immune complexes are deposited on the filtration membrane of glomerular basement membrane through blood circulation and body rejection, which can not be eliminated in time, causing a series of diseases with clinical immune reaction symptoms such as proteinuria, hematuria and edema, hypertension, namely nephritis and nephrotic syndrome.

At present, the conventional treatment is to use toxic drugs such as prednisone, cyclophosphamide and tripterygium wilfordii, which is a treatment method to destroy lymphocytes, reduce immunity and inhibit immune response.

When these toxic drugs are used, although the urinary protein is temporarily controlled, the immunity is reduced, and the immune complex deposited on the glomerular basement membrane is not excluded. Therefore, after stopping the drug, after the hormone is reduced, it is prone to infection and form a new immune complex, which leads to a rebound or even aggravation of the disease!

All drugs must be detoxified by the liver and excreted by the kidney; Kidney should not only filter and discharge toxic waste in blood, but also absorb nutrients in blood for the growth and metabolism of kidney cells!

Excessive use of toxic drugs will increase the burden on the liver and kidneys, leading to renal failure and uremia! Many patients who use hormone therapy gradually increase the dose of hormone, which eventually leads to renal failure and uremia death. ..

The latest research found that T lymphocytes and K lymphocytes can kill immune complex, and complement can dissolve immune complex. When the number of lymphocytes and complement in human body increases, immune complex can be dissolved, so as to achieve the purpose of treating the etiology of renal diseases. Moreover, by improving immune cells and immunity, the recurrence of nephropathy can be completely prevented.

3. What are the common sense of kidney disease?

It is reported that kidney disease has become a major disease that threatens public health all over the world. In developed countries, about 6.

5%~ 10% people have different degrees of kidney disease. In China, the prevalence of chronic kidney disease is about 8%~ 10 among people over 8 years old.

4%, drug abuse, irregular treatment and unhealthy lifestyle have become important factors leading to or aggravating kidney diseases. Experts remind the public to strengthen the awareness of loving kidney, pay attention to kidney health, and don't let blind treatment make up for kidney.

Eight physiological functions of kidney The kidney is the main excretory organ of human beings and higher animals. It filters and decomposes the waste in blood to form urine, which is output through ureter. The main functions of the kidney include regulating body fluids and maintaining water, electrolyte and acid-base balance. In addition to excreting waste, it can also keep the environment around cells in the human body constant to ensure the normal metabolism.

This is the main function of the kidney. When blood flows through the glomerulus, due to the pressure, it will filter out a liquid that is the same as plasma but does not contain protein. This liquid is called "protourine".

When the original urine passes through the renal tubule, the renal tubule reabsorbs most of the water, all the sugar and some salt and sends them back to the blood, but most of the nitrogen is not absorbed back. The remaining concentrated solution containing residual substances is urine, accounting for about 65438 0% of the original urine.

The urine volume of normal people 1 day is 1000~2000 ml, generally light yellow, and the specific gravity is between 1.003~ 1.030. Too high, too low or fixed specific gravity, too much or too little urine all indicate the possibility of renal insufficiency.

The human body is undergoing metabolism all the time. Kidney excretes harmful substances such as creatinine, urea, uric acid and other nitrogen-containing substances, phosphate and inorganic sulfate through urine metabolism, so that these wastes will not accumulate in the body. Similarly, the kidneys can also excrete toxic substances and drugs that enter the human body.

The kidney has a high reabsorption rate of water. If the reabsorption rate of water by renal tubules and tubes changes slightly, the urine volume will change greatly. For example, when the reabsorption rate of water is reduced by 1%, the urine output can be increased by 1 time.

Therefore, the urine volume mainly depends on the reabsorption speed of water by renal tubules and * * * tubes. This reabsorbed water can be divided into two parts. Part of it is reabsorbed in the proximal tubule, and it is absorbed with the absorption of solute components in plasma filtrate, regardless of whether there is water shortage in the body. The other part is reabsorbed in the distal tubule and catheter, which can be adjusted according to whether there is water shortage in the body, and plays a vital role in maintaining body fluid balance.

In addition, normal people need to excrete 3~5 grams of sodium salt from urine every day, which plays an important role in maintaining the relative stability of extracellular sodium concentration and osmotic pressure. Renin secreted by the kidney can raise blood pressure.

When sodium intake is limited or insufficient, it will lead to the decrease of plasma volume and renal perfusion pressure; When standing upright, cells secrete renin, which can depsipeptide angiotensinogen in plasma into angiotensin ⅰ, and then become angiotensin ⅱ through the action of invertase. Through the action of angiotensin ⅱ and aldosterone, blood pressure can be raised. At the same time, prostaglandin secreted by the kidney has the effect of lowering blood pressure.

Prostaglandins can reduce blood pressure by increasing renal cortical blood flow, promoting diuresis and sodium excretion, reducing peripheral vascular resistance, and finally dilating blood vessels. Renin is a proteolytic enzyme with a molecular weight of 40,000, which is mainly synthesized, stored and secreted by the periglomerular cells of the periglomerular organs.

Renin is used to contract blood vessels and divide vascular smooth muscle cells. Enhance myocardial contraction and promote myocardial hypertrophy.

Participate in the regulation of renal dynamics and increase the sodium reabsorption capacity of renal tubules. Promote the increase of adrenal aldosterone secretion.

Promote the production of other vasoactive substances such as peptides. The action center produces thirst and promotes the release of catecholamine.

Prostaglandin is named after its earliest discovery in prostate. Later, prostatic cord was found in almost all tissues and cells of human body, such as seminal vesicle, lung, kidney, brain, stomach and intestine. Its main effects are: the influence on renal blood circulation: prostaglandin E2 and prostacyclin can dilate renal blood vessels, while thromboxane A can contract renal blood vessels.

Effect on sodium chloride excretion: Prostaglandin E2 and prostacyclin can excrete sodium from urine. Effect on water excretion: Prostaglandin can increase water excretion.

When there is a problem with renal function, prostaglandin secretion decreases, which is an important factor leading to high filtration and high perfusion of kidney and one of the important reasons leading to renal hypertension. The kidney can secrete erythropoietin, which acts on the hematopoietic system of bone marrow and promotes the differentiation and maturity of primitive red blood cells; Promote the absorption of iron by bone marrow and accelerate the production of hemoglobin and red blood cells; Promote the release of bone marrow reticulocytes into the blood.

In a certain period of time, the degree of anemia is directly proportional to the degree of renal failure, and erythropoietin in blood and urine decreases. At this time, renal anemia can be corrected if exogenous erythropoietin is supplemented. Vitamin D must be converted into 1, 25-dihydroxy vitamin D3 through the kidney to play its physiological role.

Renal cortical cells contain 1 hydroxylase, and vitamin D is first converted into 25- hydroxyvitamin D3 under the action of liver 25 hydroxylase. Under the action of kidney 1 hydroxylase, it is converted into 1, 25 dihydroxy vitamin D3, that is, active vitamin D3.

Can promote the absorption of calcium and phosphorus in gastrointestinal tract; Promote bone calcium transfer; Promote bone growth and cartilage calcification; Promote the reabsorption of phosphorus by renal tubules and reduce urinary phosphorus excretion; Inhibit the secretion of parathyroid hormone.

4. How do ordinary people prevent and treat kidney disease?

1, Nephropathy, please see the specialist. Unfortunately, you have kidney disease. Please see a nephrologist immediately for the most appropriate treatment. Otherwise, you will find a recipe for eating grass from a quack, miss the opportunity of treatment, lead to more complications, and even become uremia in a short time.

2, control high blood pressure If you have high blood pressure, please immediately find a doctor to take medicine and control your blood pressure within a safe range. Because of long-term hypertension, the tiny blood vessels in the kidney will be destroyed continuously. The kidney consists of two million renal corpuscles (microvessels).

3. Nephropathy is not kidney deficiency, but urinary system, which has nothing to do with "kidney deficiency" mentioned by Chinese medicine. Male sex hormones are secreted by testis, while female sex hormones are secreted by ovary. So there is no direct relationship between kidney and sexual function.

4, without a doctor's prescription, taking drugs indiscriminately, hindering kidney function Many people often buy their own medicines (antibiotics) when they are sick. When taking too many antibiotics, it will hinder renal function, especially diuretics. 5, women do renal function examination before pregnancy can avoid uremia. When a woman is pregnant, the burden on the kidney is aggravated, so it is best for women to check whether there is kidney disease before pregnancy. If you have a considerable degree of kidney disease (sometimes they don't know it), please discuss it with a kidney expert as soon as possible.

Otherwise, if you are pregnant blindly, kidney disease may deteriorate into uremia immediately, reaching the degree of "kidney washing". 6. Analgesics can damage the kidneys. It is forbidden to use common commercial analgesics, specific analgesics and general analgesics (injection or oral) without a doctor's prescription. If you want to use them for a long time, please discuss with a nephrologist, because long-term use of analgesics will seriously harm the kidneys.

7, the right amount (full) of water do not urinate in the bladder for too long, it is easy to breed bacteria, bacteria are likely to infect the kidney through the ureter, drink plenty of water every day to urinate at any time, and the kidney is not easy to stone. 8, throat, tonsils and other inflammatory streptococcal infections, should immediately take antibiotics thoroughly, can not give up halfway, otherwise streptococci are prone to infection, induced kidney disease.

5. How to protect the kidneys?

1) to keep the urine unobstructed, indicating that the renal excretion function is abnormal. If urethral obstruction occurs and urine is not smooth, it will increase the chance of inflammation of renal pelvis and renal parenchyma, increase the burden on kidney and even cause urinary poisoning. The common causes of dysuria are urinary calculi, prostatic hypertrophy, tumor, tuberculosis and so on.

(2) Prevention of infection: Pathogenic microorganisms such as bacteria can directly ascend from the urinary tract and enter the kidney, causing kidney infection. In order to prevent urinary tract infection caused by bacteria retrograde, the urethra and urethra must be kept clean and hygienic. In addition, microorganisms can also infect the kidneys through blood circulation and lymphatic circulation. Therefore, when there are infectious diseases in other parts of the body, such as tonsillitis, dental caries, furuncle, tuberculosis, etc., it should be treated in time.

(3) Prevent diseases from damaging kidneys: Some diseases, such as allergic purpura, systemic lupus erythematosus, massive dehydration, blood loss, etc. , will damage the kidneys. In the event of such diseases, in addition to timely treatment, protective measures should be strengthened.

(4) Prevention of kidney damage caused by drugs: After drugs enter the human body, most of them can only play a role after entering the blood. After metabolism in the body, these drugs can accumulate in the kidney and be excreted, making the kidney vulnerable to drug damage. Therefore, drugs that are harmful to the kidneys should not be used indiscriminately.

(5) Pay attention to your diet: In order to protect your kidneys, you need to eat protein and sugar, and you should not eat foods containing too much fat. Too much fat can easily cause renal arteriosclerosis, atrophy and degeneration of the kidney, and cause arteriosclerotic nephropathy. Alkaline food is good for the kidneys and can prevent and treat urinary calculi. You can also eat some melon, cogongrass rhizome, adzuki bean and mung bean properly, which is beneficial to diuresis, heat clearing and kidney protection.