Knowledge of geographical natural disasters

Small knowledge of earthquake prevention and shock absorption

1. When the earthquake comes, hide under solid furniture such as tables, and quickly evacuate to the open area downstairs after the shaking stops.

2. Turn off the fire immediately when shaking, and put out the fire immediately in case of fire.

Don't panic and run outside.

4. Open the door to ensure the exit.

5. In outdoor situations, protect your head, avoid dangerous places and pay attention to falling objects.

6. Follow the instructions of department store and theater staff.

7. The car is parked on the side of the road, and driving is prohibited in the controlled area.

8. Be sure to pay attention to landslides, falling rocks or tsunamis.

9. Walk when taking refuge, and take as few personal belongings as possible.

10. Don't listen to rumors and don't act rashly.

Key points of indoor lightning protection

1, thunderstorm weather should pay attention to close the doors and windows, in case of lateral flash and ball lightning invasion.

2. In a thunderstorm, the lightning rod can only protect the building, but it can't do anything about the lightning invading along overhead wires and telephones. It is best to cut off the power supply of indoor household appliances and unplug the telephone.

3. In lightning weather, residents had better not touch the gas pipeline, tap water pipeline and all kinds of live equipment at home.

4. It is not advisable to take a shower with a shower head during lightning, because huge lightning will attack the bather along the current.

I especially remind you that when buying a house, developers should be required to issue proof of lightning protection devices and facilities for commercial housing, so as not to bury hidden dangers for future residence.

Ten methods of outdoor lightning protection

Lightning usually hits the spire of the tallest outdoor object, so isolated tall trees or buildings are often the most vulnerable to lightning. When there is a thunderstorm, people should observe the following rules outdoors to ensure safety.

1, don't stay on the platform of high-rise buildings in thunderstorm weather, and don't enter isolated shacks, sentry boxes, etc. In the open air.

2. Stay away from the exposed water pipes, gas pipes and other metal objects and power equipment in the building.

It is not advisable to hide under the big tree when it thunders and rains. If necessary, keep a distance of 3 meters from the torso, squat down and put your legs together.

4. If there are ants walking on your head, neck and hands when thunder and lightning strike. The hair stands on end, which indicates that lightning is about to happen. Get down on the ground quickly, so as to reduce the risk of being struck by lightning. And took away metal ornaments, hairpins, necklaces and so on. Wear it on your body.

5. If you encounter a thunderstorm outdoors and have no time to leave a tall object, you should immediately find some dry insulators and sit on them with your feet closed. Don't put your feet on the ground outside the insulator, because water can conduct electricity.

6. Don't hold the ground with your hands when you avoid a thunderstorm outdoors; At the same time, put your hands on your knees, keep your chest close to your knees, and keep your head as low as possible, because your head is more vulnerable to lightning than other parts of your body.

7. When you hear thunder within a few seconds after seeing lightning outdoors, it means that you are in a dangerous environment near a thunderstorm. At this time, you should stop walking, put your feet together and squat down immediately. Don't get involved with people. It is best to use plastic rain gear and raincoat.

8. In thunderstorm weather, it is not advisable to open an umbrella or hold high badminton rackets, golf clubs and hoes in the wild. Not suitable for outdoor ball games. It is very dangerous to play golf and football in thunderstorm weather. It is not advisable to stay on the water surface or water edge; It is not advisable to wash clothes, fish, swim or play by the river.

9. In thunderstorm weather, it is not advisable to drive a motorcycle, ride a bicycle or run fast in the rain, because the greater the stride, the greater the voltage, and the easier it is to hurt people.

10. If you see a high-voltage line that has been struck by lightning outdoors, you should be vigilant at this time. Because there is a step voltage near the high-voltage line, people nearby must not run at this time. They should flee the scene with their feet together.

Flood control knowledge

1, rainstorm: refers to the rain with very heavy rainfall. So how to measure rainfall? Meteorologists placed a metal cylinder with a diameter of 20 cm in the open air at the ground observation site-rain gauge. The rainfall it receives 24 hours a day is the daily precipitation, which can be measured by a cup. Central weather bureau said that the daily rainfall below 10mm is called light rain,10-25mm is moderate rain, 25-50mm is heavy rain, and above 50mm is called rainstorm. Rainstorm weather is dangerous to some extent, but not terrible. As long as all kinds of preventive work are done well, there will be no danger.

2. How to save yourself in case of flood: (1) When the flood comes, take refuge according to the predetermined route, pay attention to helping the elderly and the young, and help each other. If the flood comes too fast to be transferred on foot, it is necessary to use boats or floating objects such as door panels and wooden beds prepared in advance as tools to transfer water. (2) When the flood comes quickly and the flood has entered the house, you should quickly climb the roof, wall or nearby trees, take refuge temporarily and wait for the ambulance personnel to move. You can't swim alone. (3) Earth walls, dry houses or mud brick houses can only be used as temporary shelters, because they are in danger of collapse at any time after being soaked in water. (4) If there are no big trees and courtyard walls, the roof can't climb up for a while. At this time, we should grasp the fixtures and call for help from others.

3, what are the common diseases during the disaster:

The sanitary conditions in the disaster areas are poor, especially the sanitation of drinking water is difficult to be guaranteed. The first thing to be prevented is intestinal infectious diseases, such as cholera, typhoid fever, dysentery, hepatitis A, etc. In addition, zoonotic diseases and natural focus diseases are also prone to occur during floods, such as mouse-borne infectious diseases: leptospirosis and epidemic hemorrhagic fever; Parasitic diseases: schistosomiasis; Insect-borne infectious diseases: malaria, Japanese encephalitis and dengue fever. Dermatosis is also very common in disasters: immersion dermatitis (also known as "rotten feet" and "rotten crotch" among the people), insect bite dermatitis and cercarious dermatitis; Disasters are also prone to accidents: drowning, electric shock, heatstroke, trauma, poisonous insect bites, poisonous snake bites, food poisoning, pesticide poisoning and so on.

4. How to prevent the epidemic of diseases after the flood: (1) Remove stagnant water and dirt, ventilate and dry, and spray disinfectant to prevent infectious diseases and mosquitoes and flies from breeding; (2) Take preventive drugs to avoid infection. If an infectious case occurs, it must be treated in isolation; (3) Household appliances should be cleaned and disinfected, and damp and moldy items should be ventilated and aired.

5. What if there is a traffic jam on the way to or from school? (1) Floods flood, roads collapse, or roads are cut off by the waist and rapids pass. At this time, I can only "take temporary refuge" in a safe place, and I must not force my way through; (2) When roads in mountainous areas are blocked due to landslide accumulation, it is safer to bypass the mountain and pass through the upper part of the landslide surface; (3) When the bridge and culvert are washed away by the flood, the river is rushing and the bridge deck is still collapsing, you must never risk crossing by force, otherwise your life will be in danger; (4) When the high-voltage tower topples and the wires are perpendicular to the road surface, first, stay away from it to prevent electric shock; The second is to report to the relevant departments for timely maintenance. At this moment, we must not muddle through.

6. How to ensure the safety of debris flow in mountainous areas: When heavy rains and floods occur in mountainous areas, sometimes mudslides occur at the same time. If there is a mudslide, stones, sand, mud, fruit trees, buildings and residential areas in the valley will be pushed out of the valley and piled up at the mouth of the ditch, and the whole valley will become a "smooth slate", which is extremely destructive. (1) Debris flow accompanied by rainstorm and flood. Before the rainstorm comes, there is a possibility of debris flow in the ravine where you live, so you should move to a safe place for temporary refuge. (2) Debris flow broke out from the top of the ditch with a sound like "bang … bang …". No matter day or night, when sheltering from the rain in the house, as long as you hear this sound, you should quickly run outside and transfer to the top of the mountain. (3) Debris flow broke out in a short time, so we had to help the elderly and bring the young into battle lightly, and it was too late to find and carry food and drinks. (4) Choose the transfer route in advance, remove obstacles along the way, and avoid pumice and landslide injuries when going up the mountain quickly. At the same time, lightning strikes and wire injuries should be prevented.