He 'nan and Kaifeng

Kaifeng, called Bianliang in ancient times, is located in the east of Henan Province, in the center of eastern Henan Plain on the map of China. Kaifeng is one of the seven ancient capitals in China. It is an excellent tourist city in China, a national double-support model city and an advanced city in building a civilized city in China. It is also one of the three central cities of Zhongyuan urban agglomeration in Henan Province, and a "three-point-one-line" golden tourist route along the Yellow River. The city has a total area of 6,444 square kilometers and a population of 4.8 million, including 3,634,000 hectares of cultivated land, an urban area of 359 square kilometers and an urban population of 800,000. It has jurisdiction over five counties including Weishi County, Qixian County, Tongxu County, lankao county County and Kaifeng County, and five districts including Gulou District, Longting District, Yuwangtai District, Shunhe District and Jinming District. In the history of China, Kaifeng was once called the Girder, the Capital of Song Dynasty, the East Capital, Tokyo, Bianjing and so on. The city has been built for more than 3000 years. During the Warring States Period, Wei State was also called Liang State, and Hou Liang, the Later Jin Dynasty, the Later Han Dynasty, the Later Zhou Dynasty, the Northern Song Dynasty and the Jin Dynasty established their capital in Kaifeng, so it was called the "Old Capital of the Seven Dynasties". Kaifeng, together with Luoyang, Anyang, Xi, Beijing, Nanjing and Hangzhou, is known as the seven ancient capitals of China and enjoys a high reputation at home and abroad. Higher education includes Henan University, Kaifeng University, Yellow River Water Conservancy Vocational and Technical College and Kaifeng Education College. Kaifeng is an important tourist city and an open city in the Central Plains with its superior geographical location, mild climate, rich products, convenient transportation, developed culture and education, scientific and technological progress and economic prosperity. Kaifeng is an important tourist city along the Yellow River in the Central Plains, and 200 1 was named as an excellent tourist city in China by the National Tourism Administration. Kaifeng has a long history and profound cultural accumulation, enjoying the reputation of seven dynasties, a famous cultural city, the old capital of the Song Dynasty and the capital of chrysanthemums. Scenic spots and historical sites all over cities and counties, faintly visible ancient city features, rich folk culture and colorful autumn chrysanthemums show the charm of the ancient capital. There are many tourist attractions in Kaifeng, which set and broke many world records and China records in world record association, China, and won many world records and China records. Kaifeng is a city under the jurisdiction of Henan Province. Located in the east of Henan Plain, 37 kilometers west of Zhengzhou, the provincial capital. According to legend, the seventh emperor of Xia Dynasty moved the capital to Laoqiu (near Kaifeng today), and it was not until the thirteenth Yin family moved to Xihe that it became the political and economic center at that time. Kaifeng has a history of more than 3000 years. During the Spring and Autumn Period, Zheng Zhuanggong (743 BC-70 BC1year) built a city near Zhuxian Town in the south of this city and named it Kaifeng (Kaifeng was changed in the early Han Dynasty to avoid Liu Wen). This is the ancient city of Kaifeng. Today's Kaifeng City was an instrument city in the Spring and Autumn Period and a girder in the Warring States Period. During the Warring States Period, in order to compete for the Central Plains, Wei moved its capital from Anyi to Daliang in six years (364 BC), which was the first time that Kaifeng was built as a historical capital. Wei lived in Daliang for 140 years, and was destroyed by Qin in the 22 nd year of Qin Dynasty (the first 225 years). Qin changed Daliang to Junyi County. In the future, Juntun and Kaifeng were both county capitals, and they were not subordinate to each other. Until the first year of Tian Ping in the Eastern Wei Dynasty (534), Liangzhou was established, with Junyi as the state rule and Kaifeng County under its jurisdiction. In the Northern Zhou Dynasty, Liangzhou was renamed Bianzhou. Soon, Emperor Yang Di opened the Jiyu Canal, enabling it to communicate with the Yellow River and Huaihe River and develop water transportation. Bianzhou became more and more important. In the first year of Yanhe in Tang Dynasty (7 12), Kaifeng County was merged into Bianzhou City, and it was ranked as the first attached county with Junyi County. It was the Kaifeng City of the former ancient city village, so it became increasingly deserted. In the first year of Tang Xingyuan (784), the office of Xuanwu Army moved from Songzhou (now Shangqiu) to Bianzhou, becoming the most powerful buffer region in the Tang Dynasty. At the end of the Tang Dynasty, Xuanwu Army made Zhu Wen move to Luoyang under duress, and finally abandoned the Tang Dynasty to establish political power. After Zhu Wen proclaimed himself emperor, Bianzhou was promoted to Kaifeng, called the East Capital, Luoyang as the Capital, called the West Capital, and Chang 'an was reduced to Yongzhou. Since then, Kaifengfu has continuously expanded its jurisdiction, and Hou Liang has jurisdiction over 15 county. The picture on the right shows the well-preserved city gate in Kaifeng. By the late Jin Dynasty, the late Han Dynasty, the late Zhou Dynasty and the Northern Song Dynasty, the capital was established in Kaifeng, and the Kaifeng government was also expanding, governing 18 counties and 24 towns. Kaifeng and Junyi are called Chixian County, and other counties are called Jixian County. In the second year of Song Zhenzong Dazhong Xiangfu (1009), Junyi County was renamed Xiangfu County. The most prosperous period of Kaifeng was the Northern Song Dynasty, with its capital 167. In 1 127, it was destroyed by Jin people and soldiers. The Jin people successively supported the two puppet regimes, but they all perished because of the people's spurning. Jin people reduced Kaifeng to Bianjing Road. Hailingwang 1 153 took Kaifeng as Nanjing and Kaifeng as the southward base. By 12 14, Xuanzong Tang Xuanzong was forced by Mongolia to move his capital here, and it was still called Nanjing. Mongolia destroyed Jin Jianyuan and established 1 1 province in China. In the Central Plains, there is Zhongshu Province in the north of Henan Province, which is the beginning of Henan Province. The provincial capital and Luzhi are both in Kaifeng, Bianliang Road. At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, Liu Futong led a peasant uprising army to capture Kaifeng House in the fourth year of Longfeng (1358), and it was only one year and three months since its capital was established. In the siege of the Yuan Army, it returned to the old Du 'anfeng. In March of the first year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (1368), Zhu Yuanzhang captured Kaifeng, changed Bianliang Road to Kaifeng House, changed Kaifeng to Beijing as the capital, and soon abolished Kaifeng County and merged into Xiangfu County, ending the situation of one city and two counties. In the eleventh year of Hongwu (1378), the Kaifeng Jing was revoked, and the fifth son Judy was made king of Zhou, guarding Yuzhou. Since then, it has been the capital of Henan, followed by the Qing Dynasty. In the second year of the Republic of China (19 13), the house was abandoned and diverted. Xiangfu County was changed to Kaifeng County, which belongs to Yudong Road, Henan Province. Kaifeng is also the provincial capital, under the jurisdiction of Yudong Road. In the third year of the Republic of China (19 14), Yudong Road was changed to Kaifeng Road. The abandoned road was built in 16 (1927) and Kaifeng was established in 18 (1929). Regardless of cities and counties, Kaifeng is still the capital of Henan. In the 27th year of the Republic of China (1938), in June, the Japanese army occupied Kaifeng and the provincial capital moved westward. In March of the following year, the Japanese puppet government in Henan Province moved from Anyang to Kaifeng. 1945, the Japanese army surrendered and Kaifeng was restored as the capital of Henan. 1948 5438+00 In June, China People's Liberation Army took over Kaifeng, and in June, 5438+0 10, Kaifeng Special City was established and remained as the provincial capital. Kaifeng county government is still located in this city. 1949 in may, Kaifeng county government moved to zhuxian town. 1954 10, the provincial capital moved from Kaifeng to Zhengzhou, and Kaifeng became a provincial city. 1955, Zhengzhou Commissioner's Office was moved from Xingyang to Kaifeng, renamed Kaifeng Commissioner's Office, and administered Kaifeng County and other counties 10. 1983, with the approval of the State Council, the system of "city with county" was implemented and the Kaifeng Commissioner's office was abolished. It turns out that the jurisdiction of the five counties belongs to the leadership of Kaifeng City. Kaifeng is one of the eight ancient capitals in China, with rich cultural relics and historic sites, early formation of urban pattern, rich style of the ancient city, and unique water city in the north, which embodies the long historical tradition and rich cultural connotation of the ancient city. 1982 is listed as a national historical and cultural city by the State Council. Historically, Kaifeng was the earliest developed area in China, with advantages of rivers and lakes, developed irrigation, mild climate and convenient transportation. Its walls are magnificent and its culture is splendid. The ancients once said, "Five Phoenix Pagodas bloom, Yimen is an ancient imperial system". Especially in the Northern Song Dynasty, Kaifeng, as the capital of Tokyo, was the political, economic, military, scientific and cultural center of China and the most prosperous metropolis in the world at that time. Its construction planning thought is unique. The majestic city walls are divided into outer city, inner city, imperial city, triple battlements and three moats. The traffic in the city is compatible with land and water, and it is unimpeded. In terms of layout, the closed house system was broken and replaced by an open commercial and residential street form, and the integration of house and city was implemented, which expanded the citizen class and made its population reach more than 6.5438+0.5 million. The increase of non-agricultural population has promoted the development of urban handicrafts and commerce, and the trade inside and outside the region has prospered, making it a metropolis of "eight barren places competing for fairies". The layout of this building. It had a far-reaching impact on the capital construction of feudal dynasties after the Song Dynasty. The gardens in Tokyo are also very distinctive. There are more than 100 royal gardens and temples in Tokyo. "Generally, the capital is near, and they are all gardens. Within a hundred miles, there is no leisure. " The famous royal garden "Genyue" embodies the characteristics of Yuedashan, where exotic flowers and trees are planted and exotic animals are stocked. Historians call it a masterpiece in the history of China gardens. There are many cultural relics in Kaifeng, including 13 national cultural relics protection units, 38 provincial, 26 municipal and 136 county cultural relics protection units. The famous iron tower, Suoguo Temple, Yanqing Temple, Yuwangtai and Fanta all have high historical and cultural values. As one of the three stone carving centers in Henan Province, Kaifeng has preserved more than 0/000 stone carving treasures/kloc-from the Han Dynasty to the Republic of China, which is a precious material for studying history, science and technology and calligraphy art. Today, Kaifeng has taken off with the rise of China. On May 22nd, 2005, new york Times Review published a commentary by Christopher, a famous columnist, for the first time with the Chinese title "From Kaifeng to new york-Brilliance is fleeting like a smoke cloud". Introduce the history of Kaifeng, compare Kaifeng's past and present, and push Kaifeng to the world again. On April 18, 2007, Mr. Lien Chan, honorary chairman of the Kuomintang, and his wife came to Kaifeng to visit various scenic spots in the Seven Dynasties. Kaifeng is located at east longitude11351'51"-1515' 42" and north latitude 341/kloc-. 69 meters to 78 meters above sea level. Shangqiu City is in the east, Zhengzhou City, the provincial capital, is in the west, Xuchang City and Zhoukou City are in the south, and the Yellow River and Zhongyuan Oilfield are across the river in the north. The total area is 6444 square kilometers, including 362 square kilometers in the urban area. It is about 92km wide from north to south and126km long from east to west. It is 500 kilometers east of Lianyungang, the port city at the eastern end of the Eurasian Continental Bridge, and 72 kilometers west of Zhengzhou, the provincial capital. On the map of China, it is located in the center of East Henan Plain. Kaifeng has a warm temperate continental monsoon climate with four distinct seasons, abundant sunshine, mild climate and moderate rainfall, and there are many northeast winds in spring and autumn. The annual average temperature is 14℃, the annual average rainfall is 670 mm, and the forest coverage rate is higher than the national average. The best travel time: 65438+ 10 September, when the weather is mild and the precipitation is moderate, you can also enjoy the blooming chrysanthemums. Kaifeng is located in the vast eastern Henan plain, with no mountains, many rivers and lakes, mild climate, abundant rainfall, rich groundwater resources and good natural ecological environment. The rivers in Kaifeng belong to the Yellow River and Huaihe River. Among them, there are 32 rivers, such as Yellow River, Wohe River, Huiji River and Jia Luhe, with a drainage area of over 100 square kilometers. There are three garden attractions in the urban area: Long Ting, Iron Tower and Yuwangtai. Baogong Lake, Longting Lake and Tieta Lake are connected by water system, and the lake area accounts for a quarter of the urban area, so it is called the northern water city. According to 1999 statistics, the urban greening coverage rate is 34.4%, and the national forest coverage rate is higher than the national average. The average noise is 57.2 decibels, the comprehensive index of air pollution is 88.7, and the standard rate of drinking water quality is over 95%, all of which are controlled within the national standards. Trees are mainly paulownia, willow and Sophora japonica. Yellow River Beach and Liuyuankou Wetland Nature Reserve are natural habitats for many birds. Crops are mainly wheat, cotton, corn, soybeans and peanuts. Oil, natural gas and underground mineral water resources are also abundant. Traditional dishes with local characteristics, such as temple fair, lantern festival, bird market, chrysanthemum, night market, kite, cockfighting, Long Ting with Pangu characteristics, Baogong Temple, Qingming Shangheyuan, Iron Tower, Dasuoguo Temple, Hanyuan Forest of Steles, Kaifeng House, Jinmingchi and so on, include Kaifeng steamed buns, crucian carp noodles, Four Treasures of the Study, clear soup Dongpo meat, braised tofu, braised yellow incense tube and fried eight. Flavor snacks steamed buns, bucket chicken, steamed buns on the first floor, bucket chicken of Ma Yuxing, four treasures of Kaifeng, crispy lotus, spiced rabbit meat, spiced mutton hoof, diced chicken with pickled melon, roasted carp noodles, chrysanthemum hot pot, Dajing jujube, emblem noodles, roasted sesame wings, sweet potato paste, peanut cake, spiced air-dried rabbit meat, braised fish and pot stickers. Watermelon in the capital of song dynasty, pickles in Qixian county, spiced dried bean curd, peanut cake, spicy peanuts. Folk art editing, official porcelain, woodblock New Year pictures, etc.