Geotechnical investigation and analysis of water conservancy construction projects?

Hydraulic engineers are important projects for preventing flood disasters, regulating water resources, controlling the distribution of water flow in our country, and rationally allocating space. In the construction of water conservancy projects, it is necessary to build dams, embankments, etc., which can follow the trend of the times and achieve the goal of constructing water conservancy projects in our country's long-term development strategy. With the development of manufacturing technology and science and technology, water conservancy construction projects have also achieved significant improvements. Geotechnical investigation is a very important part of water conservancy projects. Relevant national departments have compiled corresponding survey scope and technical standards for water conservancy and hydropower projects. This article makes a brief analysis of the geotechnical investigation work for water conservancy construction projects in Hengshui area.

1 Survey Overview

In the actual work process, different survey purposes and survey methods need to be selected according to the actual work plan and process. Among them, the principles of survey classification and survey point layout are Its focus.

1.1 Purpose of Survey

The geotechnical survey of water conservancy construction projects is the basis and prerequisite for actual engineering construction. It can detect the geotechnical conditions and natural conditions of the construction site in advance, and pass After corresponding technical evaluation and professional analysis, guidance will be provided for the actual construction work of the water conservancy project.

1.2 Survey grading

The geotechnical survey work of water conservancy construction projects can be divided into different levels, from shallow to deep, including preliminary inspection, detailed inspection, feasibility inspection, etc. stage. The survey and classification work should be determined according to the different progress of the project. Different plans are usually formulated based on the site and terrain complexity of the project site.

1.3 Exploration methods

In water conservancy construction work, geotechnical investigation mainly uses drilling, sampling along the way, in-situ testing, engineering geological surveying and mapping, etc. Engineering geological surveying and mapping There are different methods including survey visits, geological surveys, etc. During the actual survey process, the number of boreholes and the distance between them should be determined according to the construction plan and actual process, and the water conservancy survey should be divided along the main line of the construction project. If the distance between the two exploration points is within 50m, the geotechnical survey points should be designed along the outline and layout of the building. The distance between the two points should preferably not be greater than 30m. When sampling, they should be taken separately. Multiple groups of disturbed soil samples, water samples and undisturbed soil samples.

2 Engineering Geological Conditions

The terrain in the Hengshui area is relatively simple. In North my country, the entire terrain is in a gently sloping state. There are many depressions in the area. Cracks in the Hengshui area are generally distributed in patches, and can reach 43m in length, causing serious harm. According to reports, from 1983 to 1999, there were 12 ground fissures in more than ten years. According to historical records, a strong earthquake of magnitude 6 occurred in Shuangjing, Shenxian County in 1882, and the ground was located in a geological fault zone. , the overall underground geotechnical structure within the region shows an unstable trend.

2.1 Climatic conditions

The Hengshui area has a continental monsoon climate, with relatively large changes in natural conditions throughout the year. Spring is dry and rainless, summer is hot and humid, and the weather is dry and cold throughout the year. There are large temperature differences among the four seasons. The precipitation in this area is concentrated in summer, and southeasterly winds prevail. It is also the area with the most significant monsoon climate in the world. June to September in this region is the time when precipitation is concentrated throughout the year. The precipitation in the east is significantly higher than that in the west, and the annual variation in precipitation is large.

2.2 Hydrogeological conditions

The water system in Hengshui area is distributed with four major river systems and nine major rivers flowing through it. It is rich in underground water. The groundwater will change with the seasons and rainfall. It changes with the weather, and the richer wet season is from June to September.

2.3 Strata Lithology

The rock formations in the Hengshui area are distributed from bottom to top, including Proterozoic strata, Paleozoic strata and Tertiary and Quaternary strata. The more common type is light loam, which is mostly distributed in the middle layer of the local geology. There are also small amounts of sandy soil and clay soil. During the exploration process, we found that there are a large amount of fully weathered granite, plastic silty clay, etc. in the Quaternary alluvial layer.

3 Classification of soil engineering along the soil

After the actual geotechnical survey of water conservancy and hydropower projects, staff should conduct an analysis of the foundation and geotechnical distribution conditions of the proposed project based on the survey results. Conduct relative analysis and evaluation to determine the foundation plan.

3.1 Long-term stability evaluation

According to the "Code for Seismic Design of Buildings" we can conclude that long-term stability evaluation is important to architectural design and manufacturing work, and can be used to evaluate the construction site Conduct surveys and classifications of water temperature, rock distribution, soil, and natural landforms, simulate the site categories, conduct earthquake resistance and intensity tests on the selected building base, and analyze and determine whether the selected site can become a verified building base.

3.2 Foundation evaluation

The focus of foundation evaluation is to survey and test the bearing capacity of the foundation soil at the selected site, the frost heaving properties of the site soil and the uniformity of the foundation. The work can greatly improve the quality of construction projects and effectively prevent and stop water and soil corrosion.

The measurement of bearing capacity along the way is also the focus of geotechnical survey work for water conservancy construction projects. In actual work, it is necessary to analyze the rock layer characteristics of the construction site, usually through the look-up table method, and determine the land bearing capacity of the site through in-situ and theoretical testing. ability. In practical work, people often quote Hansen's formula to determine the bearing capacity of the foundation.

3.3 Determination of groundwater

In the geotechnical investigation work of hydraulic construction, the determination of groundwater level is also an important task. The groundwater level has important implications for hydraulic construction. It has a very large impact. During the survey process, the wet season and dry season of the construction base should be surveyed and determined, and different time measurement methods should be adopted according to different realities. In actual work, survey work may be limited by the construction period and weather. Therefore, you can grasp the laws and information that have constituted groundwater changes by consulting relevant information. When measuring the permeability test of groundwater, it is best to use on-site tests and indoor experiments to determine the horizontal permeability coefficient of the foundation. The groundwater level test should be carried out according to the actual requirements and work progress of the project.

4 Conclusion

Different meteorological, climate and geological and hydrological conditions are important factors and prerequisites that affect the smooth construction of water conservancy projects. On this basis, work measures and methods can be selected and adjusted. Therefore, it poses certain difficulties to the geotechnical investigation work of water conservancy construction projects. Because water conservancy construction must withstand the buoyancy, thrust and scouring force of water, the project itself is extremely complex and difficult, which further deepens the importance of geotechnical investigation. Compared with traditional ground buildings, the construction of water conservancy projects requires more comprehensive considerations and has strong particularity. This also directly determines the status of geotechnical survey work in the process of water conservancy construction. Therefore, water conservancy projects must be strengthened. Engineering geotechnical investigation work makes the investigation results scientifically meaningful.

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