Haze is an ancient definition of bad weather, which was first seen in Jin Dynasty.

When did the earliest smog appear in China? How serious is it? Let's start from ancient times and systematically sort out the ancient tobacco records. However, it must be pointed out that the composition of ancient tobacco is completely different from that of modern tobacco, and it is often worse than tobacco.

Smog was a bad weather in ancient times.

The word rime appeared in history books around the 5th century AD at the latest, while rime appeared in Cui Hong in the Spring and Autumn Period of the Sixteen Countries in the Northern Wei Dynasty. According to the first two sentences in the book, an incest happened in Wuwei, Gansu. There was a strange weather: the moon was dark and full of smoke.

As far as the word smog is concerned, it is still quite old. The word "haze" can be found in Oracle bone inscriptions unearthed from Yin Ruins in Anyang, and Guo Moruo, a famous historian, was one of the first experts to interpret the word. 13467 edition has one copy, and the first edition of 7 1 13 edition has one copy. Guo Moruo thinks that there is a cat under the word rain in Oracle Bone Inscriptions, which is undoubtedly a haze word.

More than a dozen words of haze have been found in the unearthed Oracle Bone Inscriptions, which shows that the weather phenomenon of haze has already appeared in ancient times and is not uncommon. In Oracle Bone Inscriptions, weather phenomena are often used to predict good or bad luck, and the number of haze days has also increased. Fortune tellers often analyze it as a curse, which shows that smog is bad weather and an ominous sign in the eyes of the ancients.

The definition of haze was first seen in the Jin Dynasty.

Is the ancient smog what we call smog now? It is still controversial in the fields of meteorology and history. In the past, it was generally believed that the haze in Oracle Bone Inscriptions was a sandstorm. However, there is also a problem here. Sandstorms often occur in windy days in winter and spring, and haze and rain often appear at the same time in Oracle Bone Inscriptions. Obviously, it is not appropriate to simply explain them as sandstorms.

According to the viewpoint of modern meteorology, sandstorm weather can be divided into three types according to visibility: sandstorm, floating dust and haze. The wet haze weather in Oracle Bone Inscriptions should be closer to cloudy haze weather; Windy smog is closer to sandstorm.

Haze is not uncommon in ancient literature and history books. China's earliest collection of poems, The Book of Songs, mentioned haze. There is a proverb at the end of the north wind: the wind stops in fog. In modern terms, the wind blows and the dust covers the sky. But the Book of Songs is not a history book after all, and the earliest scientific definition of haze is the Book of Jin in the twenty-four histories. "Tian" Volume 12 says: Whoever has dust in the sky and the earth, on the fifth day of the tenth day, or in January, or for a while, the rain does not touch clothes but has soil, which is called haze.

However, there is no record of catastrophic smog in the Book of Jin. The earliest official records of foggy days in history books can be found in the Book of the New Tang Dynasty. The Five Elements Chronicle Volume 239 Changfeng Articles: In the first month of the third year of Changqing, the wind was very weak all day; Huangxiang tablets: Day after day, in February of three years, the wind and rain fell to the ground, and the world was dim. The former is February 823 19, which is the first day of the New Year. Naturally, this is a bad phenomenon and should be recorded.

Since the Tang Dynasty, the number of suspected haze days has increased.

So before 823 AD, was there no meteorological record of smog? If not, how to explain the haze in the Book of Jin? This doesn't make sense logically.

In fact, the word smog must be used to record smog in history books. Such as soil fog, clouds, yellow fog, fog, black wind, etc. It's all cloudy. This kind of record appeared in the middle and early Tang Dynasty. For example, in the first year of Li Xian's reign in Jinglong, disastrous weather occurred frequently, and only three times of suspected smog were recorded in history, that is, the lunar calendar. Wu Geng in June, rainy land in Shaanxi; On the fourth day of the ninth lunar month, the yellow fog in Shanxi is turbid; In December, Ding Qiu, the capital was stormy. In addition, this kind of suspected smog was more frequent in Wei and Jin Dynasties, and there were many meteorological descriptions such as yellow fog and black gas in Jin Shu.

It can be seen that smog weather appeared in China before the Tang and Song Dynasties, and it began to increase after the Tang Dynasty, and the more serious it became. For example, there are 13 cases of haze in the disastrous weather recorded in the Five Elements Records of the Song Dynasty. The History of Yuan Dynasty and Five Elements also recorded many cloudy days. In the Ming Dynasty, there were more and more records about haze days. The Five Elements of the Ming Dynasty recorded about 32 polluted air incidents related to floating dust, 20 of which were marked by haze. For example, in March of the 28th year of Jiajing in Shen Bing, the capital was cloudy for four days, and there was no light for five days.

During the 36 years from 665438 to 2000, there were about 50 incidents of air pollution caused by floating dust, which were distributed in many parts of the country. Among them, there are 20 cases with tan characters, which is equivalent to the total number of the whole dynasty recorded in Ming history.