Arrangement of knowledge points in junior high school geography examination

The knowledge points of junior high school geography examination are obviously different in the north and south of China in terms of topography, climate, river flow and vegetation types. There are many different types of geographical areas, some are natural areas, some are administrative areas and so on.

The arrangement of knowledge points in junior high school geography exam 1. Selection of scale: the larger the scale, the smaller the scope and the more detailed the content; The smaller the scale, the larger the scope and the simpler the content. For example, the school plans to choose a larger scale; When drawing the administrative map of China, we should choose a smaller scale.

2. The starting point of longitude is 0 meridian, also called "prime meridian". East longitude (0-180 e) is east of longitude 0; The west longitude is (0-180 w), so the maximum degree of east-west longitude is180. Longitude gradually increases from 0 longitude to east-west direction.

3. The continents of the Eastern Hemisphere: Asia, Europe, Africa and Oceania; The continents of the Western Hemisphere: South America and North America. Antarctica is located in the Antarctic circle, spanning the eastern and western hemispheres.

4. The largest and smallest continents: Asia and Oceania; The highest and lowest continents: Antarctica and Europe. Continents crossed by the equator: Africa, Asia, Oceania and South America.

5. The topography of northwest China is dominated by plateaus and basins. The eastern part is dominated by grassland and desert landscape; There is a large area of desert in the western basin; Only rare oases appear at the edge of the basin. All these show that the northwest region is a region with drought as its main natural feature.

6. Topographic types: plains, plateaus, mountains, hills and basins. On topographic maps, elevation is used to represent the ups and downs of the ground. Green represents plains, blue represents oceans, yellow represents alpine plateaus, and white represents glaciers.

7. Beijing is the political and cultural center of the whole country and the center of international exchanges. The Great Hall of the People is the seat of the NPC Standing Committee, and Zhongnanhai is the seat of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council.

8. Subtropical monsoon climate Subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest is hot and rainy in summer, with four distinct seasons in southeast China, the United States, Brazil and other countries.

9. Alpine plateau climate: It is mainly distributed in the mountainous plateau of middle and low latitudes, with low temperature and little precipitation, and the vertical change of natural landscape is the basic feature.

10. Mineral resources: Africa ranks first in the world in terms of diamond and gold reserves and output. Bauxite in the Gulf of Guinea and South Africa rank first in the world in terms of gold reserves and output, while Zambia's copper and Nigeria's oil are also famous.

Important knowledge points in the geography exam 1, Earth's revolution and seasonal changes: The earth revolves around the sun from west to east at the same time, and the revolution time is one year. The rotation of the earth produces seasonal changes.

2. The rotation of the earth and the alternation of day and night: the earth keeps rotating around its axis from west to east, which is called the rotation of the earth. It takes about 24 hours to turn around, which is one day. Rotation produces the alternation of day and night.

3. Distribution of land and sea in the world: The sea area accounts for 765,438+0% of the earth, while the land area only accounts for 29%.

4. Weather and climate: Weather is the atmospheric condition of a place in a short time, such as sunny, rainy, hot and cold. Climate is the average weather condition of a place for many years, which generally changes little.

5. Distribution of world temperature: The world temperature gradually decreases from low latitude to polar regions; The sea and land at the same latitude have high land temperature and low ocean temperature in summer. Winter is the opposite. The temperature is also affected by the height of the terrain. Every altitude 100 meters, the temperature drops by 0. 6℃。

6. Distribution of land resources: The temperate humid plain is flat and is the main distribution area of cultivated land in the world. Large areas of coniferous forests and rainforests are preserved in the cold and humid sub-frigid zone and the hot and rainy tropical zone. Tropical and temperate semi-arid areas have vast grasslands, which are the main distribution areas of animal husbandry in the world.

7. World population distribution: The most densely populated areas are in eastern and southern Asia, Europe and eastern North America, and the densely populated areas are mainly located in the plains near the middle and low latitudes.

8. Amazon Plain: the largest plain in the world, with a tropical rain forest climate of high temperature and rain all year round. There is the largest tropical rain forest area in the world (known as the lungs of the earth), and it is known as the world animal and plant kingdom.

9. Australia is the most important wool producer and wool wheat exporter in the world. Because there are many sheep, it is called "the country riding on the back of sheep".

10, the distribution characteristics of various ethnic groups in China: "large mixed communities, small settlements", alternating with each other. Ethnic minorities are mainly distributed in the southwest, northwest and northeast, and the Han nationality is the most widely distributed, mainly in the east and middle. )