Uranus' knowledge

Uranus Uranus picture reference: upload.wikimedia/ * */Mons/Thumb /B/BB/ Uranus /270 px- Uranus picture reference: upload.wikimedia/ * */Mons/Thumb/1a/x _ _ Uranus _ B/ 23px-X _ _ Uranus _ B Discovery History Discovered by William Herschel1781March 13 Average radius of orbital parameters 2

870

972

200 km eccentricity 0.047 1677 1 period of revolution 84.0 1 annual rendezvous period 369.7 days average revolution speed 6.8352 km/s orbital inclination 0.76986 satellite number 27 physical characteristics equatorial diameter 5 1.

65438+

130

000

000 km2 mass 8.686× 1025 kg average density 1.29 g/cm3 surface gravity 8.69 m/s2 surface gravity (earth = 1). 0.887 rotation period 17 hours 14 secondary axis dip angle 97.86 star albedo 0.5 1 escape velocity 210.29 km/s cloud temperature 55 K ground surface temperature 59K 68 KN/ A K atmospheric parametric pressure 120 kPa hydrogen 88 kPa. Uranus is the third largest planet in the solar system; But if calculated by mass, it is lighter than Neptune, ranking fourth. Uranus was named after Uranus, the god in Greek mythology. Physical composition Uranus is mainly composed of rocks and water ice with different compositions, with hydrogen (83%) as the main element, followed by helium (15%). In many ways, Uranus (and Neptune) is different from Jupiter and Saturn, which are mostly composed of gaseous hydrogen. Its nature is closer to the core of Jupiter and Saturn, and there is no huge liquid gas surface surrounded by near-earth planets (mainly formed by gravity liquefaction of metallic hydrogen compounds). Uranus has no cores like Saturn and Jupiter, and its metal composition is distributed in the whole crust in a relatively uniform state. Directly observed by naked eyes, the surface of Uranus appears ocean blue, which is because its methane atmosphere absorbs most of the red spectrum. According to the research results of Voyager 2, scientists speculate that there may be a liquid ocean with a depth of 10000 km and a temperature of 6650 degrees Celsius on Uranus, which is composed of water, silicon, magnesium, nitrogen-containing molecules, hydrocarbons and ionized substances. Due to the huge and heavy atmospheric pressure on Uranus, the molecules are close together, which makes this high-temperature ocean unable to boil and evaporate. On the other hand, it is precisely because of the high temperature of the ocean that it just prevents the high-pressure atmosphere from pressing the ocean into a solid state. The ocean extends from the high temperature core of Uranus (up to 6650 degrees Celsius) to the bottom of the atmosphere, covering the whole of Uranus. It must be emphasized that this kind of ocean is completely different from our understanding of the ocean on earth. However, in recent years there has been a view that there is no such ocean on Uranus. What is the truth? I'm afraid we have to wait for further observation, or hope that the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) will implement the preliminary plan of "New Horizon 2" and send an unmanned exploration ship to visit Uranus again. The angle between the polar axis of Uranus and the ecliptic plane is very large, about 98 degrees. This planet is "lying" and rotating, which is very unusual compared with other planets in the solar system. Astronomers speculate that it may be because Uranus was hit off-center by a huge asteroid at the early stage of its formation, so that the polar axis was "knocked down" and appeared in the present situation. Uranus was discovered by accident. 1781March13rd, British astronomer William Herschel happened to find a light green star in Gemini while observing the starry sky with a self-made reflective telescope. After several days of observation, he thought it must be a celestial body in the solar system, maybe a comet, so he submitted a paper entitled "Report of Comet" to the Royal Society. 1783, French scientist Laplace confirmed that Herschel had discovered a planet. To this end, William Herschel was awarded the Copley Medal by the Royal Society. Uranus is also a planet with rings. Its aura was not discovered until1March 977 10. Image reference: upload.wikimedia/ * * */zh/thumb/a/a4/uranian _ system _ schematic diagram /300px-uranian _ system _ schematic diagram Image reference: zh. * * */Skins-1.5/mon/images/Magnify-clip Overview of Uranus Satellites and Aura This is a summary of Uranus Aura. Voyager 2 photographed Uranus rings when 1986 flew over Uranus, and two new rings were discovered in 2005. Distance between name and Uranus center (km) width (km) 1986 U2R 38

000 2

500? Ring 6 4 1

840 1-3 ring 5 42

230 2-3 ring 4 42

580 2-3 Alpha Ring 44

720 7- 12 Beta ring 45

670 7- 12 Eta ring 47

190 0-2 gamma ring 47

630 1-4 triangle ring 48

290 3-9 1986 U 1R 50

020 1-2ε ring 5 1

140 (led by cordelia and ophelia)

000 (near Portia)? R/2003 U 1 97

734 (in Mab)? Main entrance of the satellite: Uranus' satellites currently have 27 natural satellites. The first and second satellites (Titan and oberon) are William? Herschel discovered it in1March 787 13, and the other two Ariel and Umber Rieul were discovered by William in 185 1 year. Wrathall found it. At 1852, William? John Herschel's son? Herschel named these four satellites. 1948, Gerard P. Kupr discovered the fifth satellite Miranda1986 65438+10. In October, Voyager 2 flew over Uranus. Later, when studying the photos, we found Perdita and 10 small satellites. Later, the use of ground telescopes also confirmed the existence of these satellites. Unlike the satellites of other planets, all the satellites of Uranus are named after the plays of English poets Shakespeare and Pope. Picture: Pseudo-color images of Uranus and its rings Pia0 1280 Picture reference: upload.wikimedia/ * */ZH/Thumb/6/63/Uranian _ Rings _ Pia01977 _ Modesty/180px-Uranian _ Rings. * */Skins-1.5/mon/images/Magnify-The brightest ε ring (top) on the periphery of the clip, with α ~ δ rings in the middle, gathers. Open? Make up? Calendar solar system picture reference: upload.wikimedia/ * */Mons /6/6d/ Solar_System_XXVII Sun Mercury Venus Earth Mars Ceres Jupiter Uranus Neptune Pluto Eris Planetary dwarf satellite: Moon Fire Planetary Asteroid Satellite Woody Planetary Planet Earth Neptune Planetary Pluto Planetary Disnomia Small Solar System: Meteorite, Asteroids (asteroid belts), Centauri asteroids, exoneptune objects (Kuiper Belt/Zodiac Discrete Objects) and comets (Oort Cloud) are listed in the list of solar system objects and celestial bodies, and the astronomy theme page is taken from zh. *** /w/index？ Title =% E5% A4% A9% E7% 8e% 8b% E6% 98% 9f&; variant = zh——”

Reference: zh. *** /w/index？ Title =% E5% A4% A9% E7% 8e% 8b% E6% 98% 9f&; Variant =zh-

Uranus is the seventh planet in the solar system. The biggest feature of Uranus is its large tilt angle. Generally speaking, the rotation axis of the planet and the revolution plane are very close to vertical, but Uranus' rotation axis is inclined at 98 degrees and runs almost horizontally. Therefore, the sun sometimes shines on the North Pole all day, while the southern hemisphere is dark all day. Uranus emits blue-green light with a white surface, so it is speculated that its atmosphere may contain a lot of methane, and because the methane in the atmosphere absorbs red light, the white light emitted by the sun makes Uranus appear blue-green without red light. On the other hand, Uranus is about four times the diameter and fourteen times the mass of the earth, but its density is less than a quarter of that of the earth. This is because Uranus, like other Jupiter types, is mainly composed of gases such as hydrogen and helium. Uranus and Neptune are similar to the inner shells of Jupiter and Saturn in many ways after removing the huge liquid metal hydrogen shell. Like other gas planets, there are banded clouds floating around Uranus, but they are not obvious. It is estimated that the wind speed is about 40-160m per second. The average temperature of Neptune is-193℃. Uranus also has eleven rings above the equator, each ring is only a few tens of kilometers, very slender and very dark. Why can such a narrow ring exist stably? Because of Sheppard's satellite, because the satellite outside the ring revolves slower than the ring, the ring particles fall towards the planet. On the contrary, the satellite inside the ring orbits faster, which will push the ring particles outward. Because of two forces, Uranus' ring is not easy to escape. Jupiter's rings and Saturn's rings made of ice particles look very bright, but Uranus' rings are made of carbonaceous stones or rock particles, so they are very dim. Uranus is located in an orbit about 2.9 billion kilometers from the sun, and orbits the sun once every 84 years. Because its axis of rotation is inclined by about 98 degrees, from the perspective of the North or South Pole, every day and night will last for many years. Now the north pole of Uranus almost points to the sun, making the northern hemisphere always daytime. After half a year (forty-two years on earth), it's the day in the southern hemisphere. Aurora was observed at the North Pole of Uranus, which means that Uranus has a magnetic field. The observation results show that the magnetic field intensity of Wang Tianxing is weaker than that of the earth. Uranus' magnetic field axis is tilted about 55 degrees relative to its rotation axis, and it does not pass through the center of Uranus itself, but deviates about 7800 kilometers. This fact makes scientists rethink the theory about the formation of planetary magnetic fields. Scientists used to think that the magnetic field of a planet is generated by the current flowing between internal substances, so the rotation axis and the magnetic field axis should overlap. Uranus has eleven rings. Each ring is very thin, the widest ring is only about 20 to 100 km, and all other rings are less than 10 km. The reflectivity of the ring is very low, similar to that of the sea and the sky, and very different from that of Saturn. The particles that make up the ring range from 1.5 to twice the radius of Uranus. Some scientists believe that Uranus' axis of rotation is horizontal because it was knocked down by the planet Earth shortly after its formation. The impact also produced a gas cloud lacking volatile components, which formed rings and satellites. Therefore, in the solid matter of Uranus system, the content of ice, the main component, is relatively small, while rocks and carbonaceous matter are relatively increased, making satellites and rings far dimmer than Saturn system. Uranus' axis of rotation is almost perpendicular to Uranus' axis of rotation, with an included angle of 82 degrees, which is very special. There is also a halo on its equator, which is divided into nine thin rings, much darker than Saturn. Halo can't be directly observed, and it can only be detected by occultation observation. Uranus is surrounded by a dense atmosphere, so that the actual situation on its surface is difficult to predict. The main components in the atmosphere are hydrogen and helium. Although the atmosphere extends far away, it only accounts for 20% of the total mass of the earth. Seen from the earth, Uranus looks like a dim star. It was not until 178 1 that it was confirmed to be a planet, and Uranus rings were not discovered until 1977.

References: ited.yingwa.edu/~ywc-011503/Uranus and w3.loxa/ga85077/webo/B-7-.

Uranus is the seventh and penultimate planet from the sun and the third largest planet in the solar system with an orbital radius of 287.

9900 km (19.5438+08au); The diameter at the equator is 5 1.

1 18km； The mass is 8.683x 1025 kg. Compared with Neptune, Uranus is bigger, but its mass is smaller. Uranus is the first planet discovered in modern times. British astronomer William Herschel discovered Uranus on March 178 1 after a systematic search with his telescope. In fact, Uranus has been observed many times before, but it is regarded as an ordinary star. At present, the earliest record about Uranus appears in the john flamsteed catalog of 1690, which is compiled as 34 stars of Taurus. Herschel named it Geium Sidus in memory of his patron King George III. He was notorious in the eyes of Americans, while others called it Herschel. The present name of Uranus was first put forward by German astronomer Baud, which accords with the tradition that other planets are named after mythical figures, but it was not widely used until 1850. 1986 65438+1On October 24th, American Voyager 2 visited Uranus, which was the only probe ship that had been to Uranus. The axis of rotation of most planets is approximately perpendicular to the ecliptic plane, but the axis of rotation of Uranus is almost completely parallel to the ecliptic plane. You can say that Uranus is lying and spinning. When Voyager 2 passed Uranus, its south pole was almost facing the sun, which made Uranus receive more solar energy at the south pole than at the equator. However, the temperature in the equatorial region is still higher than that in the polar region, and the mechanism behind it is still unclear. In fact, whether it is the South Pole or the North Pole is still controversial! You can say that Uranus rotates clockwise like most planets, but its axis is slightly tilted by more than 90; Or its axis is inclined slightly less than 90 degrees but in the opposite direction. A similar controversy also occurred on Venus. Some people think that Venus' rotation is not reversed, but its rotation axis is tilted by nearly 180. Uranus is mainly composed of rocks and various kinds of ice, with hydrogen accounting for only 65,438+05% and helium being a small amount, which is quite different from Jupiter and Saturn. Uranus and Neptune are very similar to the core of Jupiter or Saturn after removing the thick liquid metal hydrogen shell. Uranus rocks are not concentrated in the core like Jupiter and Saturn, but are evenly distributed throughout the body. Uranus' atmosphere contains 83% hydrogen, 15% helium and 2% methane. Like other gas planets, Uranus has a high-speed wind belt, but it is very blurred. The image of Voyager 2 must be enhanced to see it (right). The latest Hubble Space Telescope image (left) shows larger and more wind stripes, while other Hubble observations show more activity. Uranus is not as monotonous and peaceful as navigator's eyes. This difference is obviously due to the change of seasons. At present, the sun is at the low latitude of Uranus, which may lead to more obvious weather changes at night. By 2007, the sun will be directly at the equator. Uranus' blue appearance is caused by methane in the upper atmosphere absorbing red light. The colorful wind belt similar to Jupiter may still exist, but it can't be seen because it is covered with methane. Like other gas planets, Uranus has rings, which are as dark as Jupiter's rings, but more like Saturn's rings, surrounded by objects of similar size into rings with the widest width of 10 meters, and some tiny dust. At present, there are 1 1 rings, all of which are dim, and the brightest one is ε ring. Uranus ring is the first discovered planetary ring except Saturn ring, which makes us know that rings are not unique to Saturn, but the normal state of the planet. In addition to the five previously known large satellites, Voyager 2 also discovered 10 small satellites. It seems that there are more tiny orbiting satellites in Uranus' ring. Uranus' magnetic field is very strange. Its magnetic core is not in the geographical core, and the inclination angle between the magnetic axis and the rotation axis is as high as 60, which may be caused by its shallow internal movement. On a very dark and sunny night, Uranus is sometimes almost invisible to the naked eye; If you know its position in advance, you can easily see it with binoculars; A small sphere can be seen with a small astronomical telescope. Some websites can show the current position of Uranus and other planets in the sky, but some detailed charts that may be used are not so easy to find, only some star map software such as starry night have them.

Uranus Uranus [encyclopedia home page] Voyager 2

1986.1.(c) Calvin J. Hamilton Uranus is the seventh and penultimate planet from the sun and the third largest planet in the solar system with an orbital radius of 287.

9900 km (19.5438+08au); The diameter at the equator is 5 1.

1 18km； The mass is 8.683x 1025 kg. Compared with Neptune, Uranus is bigger, but its mass is smaller. Uranus is the first planet discovered in modern times. British astronomer William Herschel discovered Uranus on March 178 1 after a systematic search with his telescope. In fact, Uranus has been observed many times before, but it is regarded as an ordinary star. At present, the earliest record about Uranus appears in the john flamsteed catalog of 1690, which is compiled as 34 stars of Taurus. Herschel named it Geium Sidus in memory of his patron King George III. He was notorious in the eyes of Americans, while others called it Herschel. The present name of Uranus was first put forward by German astronomer Baud, which accords with the tradition that other planets are named after mythical figures, but it was not widely used until 1850. 1986 65438+1On October 24th, American Voyager 2 visited Uranus, which was the only probe ship that had been to Uranus. The axis of rotation of most planets is approximately perpendicular to the ecliptic plane, but the axis of rotation of Uranus is almost completely parallel to the ecliptic plane. You can say that Uranus is lying and spinning. When Voyager 2 passed Uranus, its south pole was almost facing the sun, which made Uranus receive more solar energy at the south pole than at the equator. However, the temperature in the equatorial region is still higher than that in the polar region, and the mechanism behind it is still unclear. In fact, whether it is the South Pole or the North Pole is still controversial! You can say that Uranus rotates clockwise like most planets, but its axis is slightly tilted by more than 90; Or its axis is inclined slightly less than 90 degrees but in the opposite direction. A similar controversy also occurred on Venus. Some people think that Venus' rotation is not reversed, but its rotation axis is tilted by nearly 180. Uranus is mainly composed of rocks and various kinds of ice, with hydrogen accounting for only 65,438+05% and helium being a small amount, which is quite different from Jupiter and Saturn. Uranus and Neptune are very similar to the core of Jupiter or Saturn after removing the thick liquid metal hydrogen shell. Uranus rocks are not concentrated in the core like Jupiter and Saturn, but are evenly distributed throughout the body. Uranus' atmosphere contains 83% hydrogen, 15% helium and 2% methane. Like other gas planets, Uranus has a high-speed wind belt, but it is very blurred. The image of Voyager 2 must be enhanced to see it (right). The latest Hubble Space Telescope image (left) shows larger and more wind stripes, while other Hubble observations show more activity. Uranus is not as monotonous and peaceful as navigator's eyes. This difference is obviously due to the change of seasons. At present, the sun is at the low latitude of Uranus, which may lead to more obvious weather changes at night. By 2007, the sun will be directly at the equator. Uranus' blue appearance is caused by methane in the upper atmosphere absorbing red light. The colorful wind belt similar to Jupiter may still exist, but it can't be seen because it is covered with methane. Like other gas planets, Uranus has rings, which are as dark as Jupiter's rings, but more like Saturn's rings, surrounded by objects of similar size into rings with the widest width of 10 meters, and some tiny dust. At present, there are 1 1 rings, all of which are dim, and the brightest one is ε ring. Uranus ring is the first discovered planetary ring except Saturn ring, which makes us know that rings are not unique to Saturn, but the normal state of the planet. In addition to the five previously known large satellites, Voyager 2 also discovered 10 small satellites. It seems that there are more tiny orbiting satellites in Uranus' ring. Uranus' magnetic field is very strange. Its magnetic core is not in the geographical core, and the inclination angle between the magnetic axis and the rotation axis is as high as 60, which may be caused by its shallow internal movement. On a very dark and sunny night, Uranus is sometimes almost invisible to the naked eye; If you know its position in advance, you can easily see it with binoculars; A small sphere can be seen with a small astronomical telescope. Some websites can show the current position of Uranus and other planets in the sky, but some detailed charts that may be used are not so easy to find, only some star map software such as starry night have them. Uranus moon Uranus has 2 1 named satellites and six unnamed satellites: unlike other celestial bodies in the solar system, they have names from classical myths.

The moons of Uranus are named after the works of Shakespeare and Pope. They form three different categories:11* * all the very dark inner galaxies discovered by Voyager 2.

5 large ones (right)

And newly discovered more distant planets. Most of them have nearly circular orbits on the equatorial plane of Uranus (so they form a large angle with the ecliptic plane); The outer part 4 is more oval.

Reference: earth.fg.tp.edu/learn/solar/uranus

Uranus is the seventh and penultimate planet from the sun and the third largest planet in the solar system with an orbital radius of 287.

9900 km (19.5438+08au); The diameter at the equator is 5 1.

1 18km； The mass is 8.683x 1025 kg. Compared with Neptune, Uranus is bigger, but its mass is smaller. Uranus is the first planet discovered in modern times. British astronomer William Herschel discovered Uranus on March 178 1 after a systematic search with his telescope. In fact, Uranus has been observed many times before, but it is regarded as an ordinary star. At present, the earliest record about Uranus appears in the john flamsteed catalog of 1690, which is compiled as 34 stars of Taurus. Herschel named it Geium Sidus in memory of his patron King George III. He was notorious in the eyes of Americans, while others called it Herschel. The present name of Uranus was first put forward by German astronomer Baud, which accords with the tradition that other planets are named after mythical figures, but it was not widely used until 1850. 1986 65438+1On October 24th, American Voyager 2 visited Uranus, which was the only probe ship that had been to Uranus. The axis of rotation of most planets is approximately perpendicular to the ecliptic plane, but the axis of rotation of Uranus is almost completely parallel to the ecliptic plane. You can say that Uranus is lying and spinning. When Voyager 2 passed Uranus, its south pole was almost facing the sun, which made Uranus receive more solar energy at the south pole than at the equator. However, the temperature in the equatorial region is still higher than that in the polar region, and the mechanism behind it is still unclear. In fact, whether it is the South Pole or the North Pole is still controversial! You can say that Uranus rotates clockwise like most planets, but its axis is slightly tilted by more than 90; Or its axis is inclined slightly less than 90 degrees but in the opposite direction. A similar controversy also occurred on Venus. Some people think that Venus' rotation is not reversed, but its rotation axis is tilted by nearly 180. Uranus is mainly composed of rocks and all kinds of ice. Hydrogen accounts for only 65,438+05%, and helium is a small amount, which is very different from Jupiter and Saturn. Uranus and Neptune are very similar to the core of Jupiter or Saturn after removing the thick liquid metal hydrogen shell. Uranus rocks are not concentrated in the core like Jupiter and Saturn, but are evenly distributed throughout the body. Uranus' atmosphere contains 83% hydrogen, 15% helium and 2% methane. Like other gas planets, Uranus has a high-speed wind belt, but it is very blurred. The image of Voyager 2 must be enhanced to see it (right). The latest Hubble Space Telescope image (left) shows larger and more wind stripes, while other Hubble observations show more activity. Uranus is not as monotonous and peaceful as navigator's eyes. This difference is obviously due to the change of seasons. At present, the sun is at the low latitude of Uranus, which may lead to more obvious weather changes at night. By 2007, the sun will be directly at the equator. Uranus' blue appearance is caused by methane in the upper atmosphere absorbing red light. The colorful wind belt similar to Jupiter may still exist, but it can't be seen because it is covered with methane. Like other gas planets, Uranus has rings, which are as dark as Jupiter's rings, but more like Saturn's rings, surrounded by objects of similar size into rings with the widest width of 10 meters, and some tiny dust. At present, there are 1 1 rings, all of which are dim, and the brightest one is ε ring. Uranus ring is the first discovered planetary ring except Saturn ring, which makes us know that rings are not unique to Saturn, but the normal state of the planet. In addition to the five previously known large satellites, Voyager 2 also discovered 10 small satellites. It seems that there are more tiny orbiting satellites in Uranus' ring. Uranus' magnetic field is very strange. Its magnetic core is not in the geographical core, and the inclination angle between the magnetic axis and the rotation axis is as high as 60, which may be caused by its shallow internal movement. On a very dark and sunny night, Uranus is sometimes almost invisible to the naked eye; If you know its position in advance, you can easily see it with binoculars; A small sphere can be seen with a small astronomical telescope. Some websites can show the current position of Uranus and other planets in the sky, but some detailed charts that may be used are not so easy to find, only some star map software such as starry night have them. Uranus moon Uranus has 2 1 named satellites and six unnamed satellites: unlike other celestial bodies in the solar system, they have names from classical myths.

The moons of Uranus are named after the works of Shakespeare and Pope. They form three different categories:11* * all the very dark inner galaxies discovered by Voyager 2.

5 large ones (right)

And newly discovered more distant planets. Most of them have nearly circular orbits on the equatorial plane of Uranus (so they form a large angle with the ecliptic plane); The outer part 4 is more oval.

Reference: earth.fg.tp.edu/learn/solar/uranus