What Chinese herbal medicines and fruit trees are suitable for planting in Jiangsu's climate and terrain?

Jiangsu belongs to the transitional climate from temperate zone to subtropical zone, with mild climate, moderate rainfall and distinct four seasons. The Huaihe River and the main irrigation canal in northern Jiangsu are bounded by warm temperate humid semi-humid monsoon climate in the north and subtropical humid monsoon climate in the south. So what Chinese herbal medicines and fruit trees are suitable for planting in Jiangsu? According to Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences, the superior geographical location and climate enable Jiangsu to grow honeysuckle, boat-fruited Sterculia, ginseng, licorice, chrysanthemum, aloe and other antiviral Chinese medicines. Crocus sativus, Rhizoma Gastrodiae, Radix Astragali, Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae, Fructus Jujubae, Asari, Fructus Viticis, Trichosanthes kirilowii and Alismatis Rhizoma are also good choices. Suitable fruit trees are black sage, peach tree, loquat tree, bayberry tree, grape tree and so on.

1. What Chinese herbal medicines are suitable for planting in Jiangsu?

honeysuckle

1. honeysuckle: honeysuckle has strong adaptability and is not strict in choosing soil and climate. Sandy loam with thick soil layer is the best. Hillsides, terraces, weirs, dams and barren hills can all be cultivated. Propagation can be achieved by sowing, cutting and rooting. Germinate and blossom on the new branches of the year. The requirements for soil are not strict, and both acid and saline-alkali land can grow. With developed root system and strong rooting ability, it is a good soil-fixing and water-retaining plant, which can be planted on hillsides and river banks. Therefore, the agricultural proverb says: waterlogging will kill crops, withered grass, frozen pomegranate and dried melon will not affect honeysuckle.

Seed propagation

Sowing in April, soaking the seeds in warm water at 35 ~ 40℃ for 24h, taking out 2 ~ 3 times of wet sand to accelerate germination, and sowing when the crack reaches about 30%. Sow in furrow according to the row spacing of 2 1 ~ 22 cm, cover with soil 1cm, and spray water 1 time every two days for more than 10 days. Transplanting in autumn or the following spring, using about 15kg of seeds per 1h_.

cutting

Usually in the rainy season. In rainy weather in summer and autumn, the robust 1 ~ 2-year-old branches are cut into 30 ~ 35 cm, and the lower leaves are used as cuttings. On the selected plot, according to the row spacing of 1.6m and the plant spacing of 1.5m, the depth is 16 ~ 18cm, and each hole has 5 ~ 6 cuttings, which stand obliquely in the buried soil in the form of dispersion, with 7 ~10.

Pay attention to shading before pruning to avoid dry branches caused by direct sunlight. Cutting can also be used to raise seedlings; In July and August, put the cuttings into the ditch, the row spacing is 23 ~ 26 cm, the depth is about 16cm, and the spacing is 2cm. Fill and compact the cuttings with soil. Using sandy soil with good air permeability and water permeability as seedling soil has the fastest rooting and is not easy to be invaded by germs and cause branch rot. Spraying water once after planting, and watering 1 time every two days after drought, which can take root in about half a month, and transplanting in spring or autumn the following year.

2. Boat-fruited Sterculia: Choose sandy loam, yellow loam and latosol on the flat or sloping land with good drainage and shelter from the wind, cut off shrubs and weeds first, and dig out roots before planting.

(1) seed propagation. Pick mature seeds with dark brown seed coat and obvious wrinkles on the surface, sow them on a clean sand bed, and sow them as needed, with the seed spacing of about 3 cm. After sowing, cover the seeds with sand, then cover the border with straw and water it to keep the border moist. After budding, it can be moved into a nutrition bag to raise seedlings. Nursery nutrient soil is a mixture of soil and decomposed cow dung with a ratio of 3∶ 1 or compost with a ratio of 2∶ 1. Shade and moisturize after sowing. After the seedlings grow new roots, the shade can be gradually reduced, and the seedlings can be planted in the field when they grow to 30 ~ 50 cm high.

② stratified air propagation. Select the corked branches and girdle them at a distance of 20 ~ 30cm from the top. The girdle width is about 3cm, and the depth reaches xylem. Gently scrape off the cambium to prevent girdle healing. It takes about 1 ~ 2 days after girdling. When the wound is slightly dry, wrap it with wet coconut bran or straw and then wrap it with plastic film. After about 2 months, new roots will grow. If the new roots have begun to be corked, you can cut off the branches and plant them in the sand, or plant them directly in the ground. The survival rate can reach more than 80%.

Panghaizi

3. Aloe vera: Although aloe vera can also blossom and seed, in addition to cultivating new varieties of aloe vera, artificial hybridization and sexual reproduction, it is generally propagated by cutting, that is, asexual reproduction. The asexual propagation speed is fast, and the excellent characteristics of the variety can be stably maintained. Therefore, whether it is family planting or large-scale industrial planting management, it is possible to propagate aloe by cutting propagation without sex.

At present, asexual propagation is the most commonly used method in the breeding of excellent aloe varieties, using vegetative organs or asexual organs (such as roots, sucking buds, lateral branches, terminal buds, etc. ) to spread. The propagated new aloe individuals continue to grow and develop on the basis of the maternal development stage, and they maintain various genetic characteristics of the maternal. Asexual reproduction can maintain the genetic characteristics of the mother, because in the process of reproduction, there is no other heterogeneous cell genetic material involved, and it is a reproductive process without pollination and fertilization. Through cell mitosis, the chromosome system in daughter cells always maintains a high degree of consistency with the mother cells, both in quality and quantity.

The growth of aloe plants depends entirely on the cell division of specific growth points, which are distributed in the stem tip, leaf axils, root tips, cambium and callus formed in the injured parts of aloe plants, and can also form new vegetative organ growth points through mitosis. A new plant of aloe is separated from a new growth point, which is the physiological basis of aloe asexual reproduction. Both the lower end of the main stem and the lower end of the lateral branches of aloe have the ability to produce adventitious roots, and new roots of aloe plants can be formed after cutting. In addition to the apical growth point and lateral growth point, adventitious buds can also be produced between the internodes of roots and stems, so as to grow new branches. It can also be used as the propagation material of aloe meristem and cuttage for large-scale asexual propagation and production of aloe seedlings.

2. What fruit trees are suitable for planting in Jiangsu?

Black saint

1, Heisheng: Heisheng is an infinite hybrid seed introduced from abroad, which has the advantages of good taste, excellent coloring, high sugar content, good harvest uniformity and strong disease resistance. Single fruit weighs about 20 grams, spherical and purple-black. The suitable average temperature of fruit production is between 19~30℃, which has wide adaptability to soil. Generally, it can be cultivated on cultivated land. However, planting in sticky soil with low humidity and poor drainage has the phenomenon of poor fertility and soil infectious diseases, especially in rainy season, and it is best to use protected cultivation. The root system of jet 1 tomato is quite developed, which can resist a considerable degree of drought. Planting in sandy loam can also produce high-quality tomatoes. If the growth and development are not prosperous in the middle period, the plants are prone to weakness, so we should pay attention to fertilization and irrigation to keep the balance between nutrition and reproductive growth at all times. The ideal soil for black tomato is sandy loam and clayey sandy loam with deep and fertile soil layer, good drainage, considerable water and fertilizer conservation and soil pH value in the range of 5.6~6.7.

2. Loquat tree: It is a subtropical tree and needs high temperature. It can grow normally when the annual average temperature is above 12℃. However, the average annual temperature of loquat trees cultivated and domesticated in northern Jiangsu is-65,438+00 ~ 30℃, which can be planted in areas without particularly cold weather.

The flowering period of loquat is in late winter and early spring, and the low temperature in winter and spring will affect its flowering and fruiting. When the temperature is -6℃, it will cause freezing damage to flowers and young fruits at -3℃. Pollen begins to germinate above 10℃, and the most suitable temperature for pollen germination is about 20℃. However, when the air temperature or ground temperature is above 30℃, the growth of branches, leaves and roots is slow and poor. When the fruit meets the high temperature of 35℃ 7 ~ 15 days before picking, it is easy to cause sunburn injury and even lose its edible value. Loquat has low requirements on soil and wide adaptability. Generally, soil can grow and bear fruit, but loose soil with more sand or gravel grows better. Loquat is different from most fruit trees. It blooms in autumn or early winter, and its fruit matures in spring to early summer, earlier than other fruits, so it is called the only fruit tree with four seasons.

loquat

3. Myrica rubra: evergreen tree, 5 ~15m high. Panicle axillary; The male inflorescence is 6 ~ 8 cm long, with dense bracts and imbricate arrangement. There is a male flower in each axillary bud with 3 ~ 7 stamens. The female inflorescence is short because it has branches. Only 1 ~ 4 can bear bracts, which look like spikes and are 2 ~ 3.5 cm long. There is a female flower in the axil of each bract, and the ovary has two slender bright red style branches. The drupe is oval, slightly flat, red when mature, with papillae outside, and the exocarp is fleshy, juicy and resinous. Myrica rubra is wet and shade-tolerant, with large crown and widely distributed roots. Yangmeiyuan is required to be built in mountainous areas, hills, low light, deep soil layer, cool ventilation, convenient intensive management and transportation with an altitude of less than 800 meters, a slope of less than 45 degrees, a thick humus layer and a pH value of 4.5-5.5. The climatic conditions are subtropical humid monsoon climate. Under the microclimate conditions of large sunlight, sufficient heat, high accumulated temperature in winter and spring and moderate precipitation distribution in summer and autumn, high quality and high yield are more obvious.

From June 165438+ 10 to March of the following year, soil preparation should be done according to local conditions. For woodland with small slope and gentle slope, set soil holes around the mountain or terrace to dig holes; Fish scale pits or triangular pits with a square of 1 m are also dug in woodlands with steep slopes and complex terrain, which will be gradually changed into narrow-band stepped soil in future tending.