Papers on the development of photogrammetry and remote sensing technology

The development of photogrammetry and remote sensing technology mainly studies the development of photogrammetry and remote sensing technology and discusses its application in various aspects.

Development paper of photogrammetry and remote sensing technology 1

With the continuous development of economy and science, photogrammetry and remote sensing technology have embarked on the road of gradual development because of its wide application and great role, and have had an important impact on national economic life.

Keywords: photogrammetry; Remote sensing technology; Development; App application

Photogrammetry and remote sensing technology belong to the category of geospatial information science. It is a science and technology that obtains the information of the earth's surface and environment through non-contact imaging sensors, and analyzes, records, expresses and measures it.

The application of 3S technology, remote sensing technology and digital photogrammetry is its main research direction.

Remote sensing technology and photogrammetry can be used in many fields, such as natural disasters, civil engineering exploration, environmental monitoring and land and resources investigation.

With the continuous development of China's economy, the fields of remote sensing technology and photogrammetry are gradually increasing.

In terms of human understanding of the universe, remote sensing technology and photogrammetry provide new ways and methods for human beings, and also provide new directions for human understanding of the earth and harmony.

Remote sensing technology and photogrammetry can provide topographic maps with different scales to serve all kinds of work, and can also realize the establishment of basic geographic information database; Remote sensing technology, photogrammetry and mapping, geodesy, engineering survey and satellite positioning constitute a whole set of technical system, which is the pillar of surveying and mapping industry.

I development of photogrammetry and remote sensing technology

Judging from the development of photogrammetry and remote sensing technology, in the past 30 years, photogrammetry and remote sensing technology has been involved in urban construction, water conservancy, surveying and mapping, ocean, agriculture, meteorology, forestry and other fields, which plays a vital role in China's economic development.

Photogrammetry was separated from analog photography in the late 1970s and gradually entered the digital photography stage. Photogrammetry is gradually changing to digital surveying and mapping technology system.

(1) Photogrammetry and remote sensing technology are conducive to promoting the progress of surveying and mapping technology.

Since the late 1970s, China's photogrammetry has undergone systematic changes.

After analog photogrammetry and analytical photogrammetry, photogrammetry finally entered the stage of digital photogrammetry, which also became the symbol of the disintegration of traditional surveying and mapping system and the rise of new surveying and mapping technology system in China.

First of all, according to the types of digital images, China has established digital raster maps, digital elevation models and digital orthophoto maps, as well as land use and place name databases. The diversity of photogrammetry and database provides the possibility for production and application to a certain extent, which further promotes the development of surveying and mapping technology.

Secondly, due to the rapid development of photogrammetry and remote sensing technology, the country has gradually paid attention to it, and topographic maps of various geographical scales have been drawn by using these two technologies.

In addition, it has promoted the establishment of basic geographic information databases of many national departments.

For example, the national geographic information database with scale grades of 1: 50000, 1: 100000, etc. In addition to the national level, there are provincial and county-level geographic information databases.

(b) Photogrammetry and remote sensing technology are conducive to improving the ability to acquire spatial data.

After 50 years of development, China's ability to obtain spatial data has been greatly improved.

A remote sensing data processing platform with independent intellectual property rights has been developed, which has promoted the establishment of a domestic satellite remote sensing image ground processing system and actively carried out research and exploration in photogrammetry, providing a solid foundation for the establishment of an independent information processing and observation system in China.

First of all, in terms of data acquisition capability, with the support of the national 863 and 973 plans, sensors have been successfully developed, and more than 50 satellites, including communication satellites, ocean satellites, meteorological satellites and resource satellites, have been successfully launched, which has promoted the establishment of four civil earth observation satellite systems: resources, wind and cloud, environmental disaster reduction and ocean. The multi-sensor and multi-platform observation of the earth from the sun and geosynchronous orbit is realized, and radar and optical images of the earth's surface with different resolutions are obtained, and these obtained data are used to monitor marine phenomena, atmospheric components, natural disasters and water circulation.

Secondly, in terms of data storage, data accumulation has successfully covered the sea, land and countries and regions around China, including15 million square kilometers of earth surface data.

Second, the application of photogrammetry and remote sensing technology in various fields of national economy

(a) Using photogrammetry and remote sensing technology to deal with natural disasters

In the event of a natural disaster, in order to know the specific distribution of the disaster at the first time and obtain high-resolution remote sensing images of the disaster area, low-altitude unmanned remote sensing, aerospace and aerial remote sensing can be used to integrate the original geographic information and scale of the disaster area, promote the establishment of a geographic information service platform, make multi-scale image maps, provide timely and effective geographic information and map data support, and provide a basis for timely formulating measures to deal with natural disasters.

For example, during the Wenchuan earthquake, the road traffic and communication in the disaster area were severely damaged. The detailed information and data of the disaster area were obtained at the first time through photogrammetry and remote sensing technology, and the disaster area was continuously and dynamically monitored by aerial remote sensing technology and unmanned aerial vehicles, and the road traffic and house collapse were analyzed. A comprehensive geographic information service platform for the disaster area was established to integrate the geographic information data such as water system, residential area and traffic in the disaster area, so as to make correct decisions and rescue for the earthquake relief headquarters at all levels.

It plays a vital role in disaster relief work.

(2) The application of photogrammetry and remote sensing technology in meteorology.

In meteorology, photogrammetry and remote sensing technology are mainly used to predict and monitor various meteorological disasters.

Meteorological satellites play an extremely important role in monitoring tropical weather systems, especially in forecasting and monitoring typhoons.

Thunderstorm and rainstorm are frequent disastrous weather in spring and summer in China, so it is very difficult to monitor and analyze them by using conventional meteorological observation data.

The evolution, occurrence, movement and development of convective system can be monitored in all directions by using satellite cloud pictures and satellite products with high spatial resolution and high time density, thus providing very important information for convective weather analysis and early warning.

Third, the conclusion

The application of photogrammetry and remote sensing technology has gradually entered the information stage.

With the continuous development of China's space technology, how to combine the development of all walks of life with photogrammetry and remote sensing technology to promote China's economic development has become the main direction of the future development of photogrammetry and remote sensing technology.

refer to

[1] sheets. Geographic information system and science [M]. Wuhan: Wuhan University Press, 2010:108-114.

Zhang Jianqing. Pan Li. Wang. Photogrammetry [M]. Wuhan: Wuhan University Press, 2009: 89-93

Li Deren. Wang. Zhou yueqin Introduction to Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing [M]. Beijing: Surveying and Mapping Press, 2008:131-137.

Qiao ruiting Sun Heli. Xin Li. Photography and aerial photography [M]. Wuhan: Wuhan University Press, 2008: 178- 182.

[5] Dou Chao. Li zhaojun Development and application of photogrammetry and remote sensing [M]. Brief introduction of Qinghai, 2011(06): 29-31

New features and technologies of photogrammetry and remote sensing II.

This paper mainly analyzes many new characteristics of photogrammetry and remote sensing technology in China in recent years, and summarizes and discusses the automatic positioning technology of aerial photography, close-range photogrammetry, low-altitude photogrammetry, SAR data processing and multi-source spatial data mining.

Key words: publication of electronic scientific papers, paper net of science and technology, automatic positioning technology, close-range photogrammetry, low-altitude photogrammetry, SAR data processing, multi-source spatial data mining.

Photogrammetry and remote sensing is a science and technology that obtains reliable information about the earth and its environment from photographic images and other non-contact sensor systems, and records, measures, analyzes and applies it.

With the development of photogrammetry to digital photogrammetry, and the cross-infiltration and mutual integration of multi-sensor, multi-resolution, multi-spectral and multi-temporal remote sensing images and marginal disciplines such as space science, electronic science, earth science and computer science, photogrammetry and remote sensing have gradually developed into a new type of geospatial information science.

1, automatic positioning technology of aerial photography

In recent years, with the progress of satellite navigation and sensor technology, remote sensing has gradually got rid of the constraints of ground control points and developed towards less control points or even no control points.

1. 1 Using the GPS dynamic positioning technology based on carrier phase measurement, the three-dimensional coordinates of the projection center at the time of aerial image acquisition are measured, and based on this, the theory and quality control method of GPS-assisted aerial triangulation are studied. The accuracy of GPS-assisted beam method for area network adjustment with ground control points at the four corners of the encrypted area can meet the accuracy requirements of photogrammetry specifications, and the ground control points required for aerial photogrammetry are greatly reduced.

The research results have been applied to national basic surveying and mapping on a large scale, which has produced remarkable social and economic benefits.

In 1.2, a multi-sensor integrated platform for aerial remote sensing is developed. By using the POS system composed of IMU and GPS loaded on the plane, six external orientation elements of aerial photography can be directly obtained, which can realize fixed-point aerial photography and high-precision ground target positioning without ground control.

The research results show that in the production of 4D products with the scale of 1:50000 and below, the external orientation elements measured by POS system can be directly used for image orientation, and there is basically no need for ground control points and photogrammetry encryption, thus changing the operation mode of aerial photogrammetry and making it possible to carry out topographic mapping and real-time updating of spatial information data in uncharted areas and difficult areas.

2. Close-range photogrammetry technology

The research and application fields of close-range photogrammetry have involved spacecraft manufacturing, aviation industry, shipbuilding industry, automobile industry, nuclear energy industry, chemical industry, medicine, bioengineering, public security criminal investigation, on-site handling of traffic accidents and other accidents, archiving and restoration of ancient buildings, and monitoring of large-scale engineering construction.

2. 1 Using digital camera and real-time digital close-range photogrammetry technology to establish the corresponding industrial parts inspection system.

This kind of system takes highly overlapping sequence images as the image data source, and successfully eliminates gross errors by using more redundant observations of the same name features. Based on the two-dimensional sequence images, it deduces the three-dimensional information of different parts of the object, and then integrates these three-dimensional information into a unified surface model, thus realizing high-precision three-dimensional reconstruction.

2.2 Using the integration of digital camera and total station, a brand-new measuring system-photographic total station system is formed.

Although the traditional close-range photogrammetry has made great progress in recent years, it is a difficult problem for photogrammetry workers to arrange a certain number of control points on or around the surface of the measured object. Non-contact measurement? It didn't really happen.

As a high-precision measuring instrument, total station is widely accepted in engineering survey, which is essentially based on? Point? Measuring instruments.

Could it be based on? Face? The photogrammetry is organically combined to form a brand-new measurement system-photographic total station system.

In this system, the measuring digital camera is installed on the telescope of the total station, and the traverse is measured by the total station, and the measuring digital camera photographs the measured object at each traverse point.

Directional elements corresponding to each image can be obtained from traverse survey and total station reading.

3. Low-altitude photogrammetry technology

In recent years, with the further improvement of low-altitude flight platforms (fixed-wing model aircraft, airships, helicopters and manned small aircraft) and their auxiliary equipment, the rapid popularization of digital cameras and the maturity of digital photogrammetry technology, low-altitude remote sensing platforms that can take off, reach designated airspace, conduct remote sensing flight and return to the ground through radio communication networks provide an important way to obtain clear images at any angle on the ground.

3. 1 Establish the hardware system of low-altitude digital photogrammetry and remote sensing based on UAV.

The hardware platform includes unmanned remote control flight platform, differential GPS receiver, attitude sensor, high-performance digital camera and video camera, data communication equipment, image monitoring and high-speed data acquisition equipment, high-performance computer and so on.

It is necessary to deeply study the flight characteristics of unmanned flight platform and develop key technologies such as three-axis rotating pan/tilt, differential GPS wireless communication, automatic downloading of video data and automatic exposure.

3.2 Research the automatic control strategy of unmanned flight platform.

The flight control computer is installed on the plane, and the precise position of the airship (camera) is obtained from the differential GPS data. On this basis, the low-resolution video sequence images are matched, and the attitude of the aircraft is automatically determined in real time by combining the output signal of the attitude sensor, so as to automatically control the flight and download all the data to the ground monitoring computer at the same time.

3.3 Study the multi-image matching method of connection points in multi-baseline stereo images and the robust image matching method to overcome the geometric deformation of images.

3.4 Automatic acquisition and stereo mapping of digital terrain model and orthophoto.

4.SAN data processing technology

SAR imaging has all-weather and all-weather working ability, and has unique advantages compared with visible light infrared.

With the further development of SAR sensor development technology in China, sensors with different bands and polarization modes and spatial resolution of 0.3 In have been developed successively, and repeated observations of different orbits and the same orbit have been designed in SAR stereo mapping, which laid a data foundation for the related research of SAR technology in China.

4. 1 Fusion of SAR images and visible images according to different application purposes.

SAR and visible light are used to reflect the different characteristics of ground objects, and different fusion methods are used in extracting different soil attributes, flood monitoring and disaster assessment, etc., which have achieved certain theoretical results and completed national and departmental scientific research projects.

4.2 SAR image noise removal method.

Due to the imaging characteristics of SAR, the signal-to-noise ratio of SAR images is low and the noise is serious.

The idea of adaptive filtering, denoising method based on image speckle and evaluation of denoising method are put forward.

4.3 SAR stereo mapping technology for airborne and spaceborne repetitive orbits, spaceborne InSAR technology and D? InSAR's breakthrough

Completed the generation of DEM and d? Software development related to InSAR deformation detection, ground object extraction from polarimetric SAR data and polarimetric interferometry.

5. Multi-source spatial data mining technology.

Multi-source spatial data mining technology mainly studies the application of mathematical methods and professional knowledge to extract various application-oriented geoscience information from multi-source earth observation data.

5. 1 Mining GIS data from remote sensing image data.

On the basis of statistical pattern recognition, the automatic classification of image spectral features is realized by using neural network, fuzzy recognition and expert system.

5.2 Classification and recognition based on texture analysis.

Including texture analysis based on statistical method, texture analysis based on fractal method, texture analysis based on wavelet transform, texture analysis based on structure method, texture analysis based on model method and joint texture analysis in space/frequency domain.

5.3 Remote sensing image interpretation information extraction.

The image automatically recognized by computer is combined with GIS database or interpreter's knowledge to determine its corresponding geoscience attributes.

Including image information identification based on GIS data, image information identification based on geoscience knowledge, image information identification based on expert knowledge, image information identification based on stereoscopic observation, information extraction based on vector raster transformation and information identification based on multi-source data fusion.

Present situation and development trend of photogrammetry and remote sensing 3

Abstract: With the advent of the information age, human society has stepped into an all-round information age, and various emerging science and technology have developed rapidly and been widely used in human life.

Photogrammetry and remote sensing technology are widely used in surveying and mapping in China. This paper discusses the development status and prospect of photogrammetry and remote sensing in China.

Keywords: photogrammetry; Remote sensing; condition

With the advent of the information age, human society has entered an all-round information age, and all kinds of emerging science and technology have developed rapidly and are widely used in human life.

Photogrammetry has gone through three stages: analog photogrammetry, analytical photogrammetry and digital photogrammetry.

During this period, great changes have taken place from remote sensing data source to remote sensing data processing, remote sensing platform and remote sensor, as well as the theoretical basis and practical application of remote sensing.

The concept of digital earth is based on the idea of information superhighway and the rapid development of geospatial informatics. Digital Earth provides a rare opportunity and a clear development direction for photogrammetry and remote sensing, but it also poses a series of challenges to photogrammetry and remote sensing technology.

Photogrammetry and remote sensing are the only technical means to provide spatial frame image data for digital earth and obtain relevant information from the data image.

First, the status quo of photogrammetry and remote sensing at home and abroad

(A) the status quo of photogrammetry

Photogrammetry has experienced a long development process. With the rapid development of computer technology and automatic control technology, at the end of 20th century, based on the completion of all-digital automatic mapping software, digital photogrammetry workstations developed rapidly and were everywhere in the measurement work.

After entering the 2 1 century, the progress of science and technology has helped photogrammetry enter the digital age. The subject of digital photogrammetry has a large area of knowledge intersection with computer science, and photogrammetry tools have become more economical computer input and output equipment. This revolutionary change has promoted digital photogrammetry to another level, and the semantic information extraction, image recognition and analysis of digital photogrammetry have changed from quality vector.

At present, digital photogrammetry has been widely used in provincial surveying and mapping bureaus all over the country, and digital surveying and mapping production bases have been established, which has realized the organic combination of digital photogrammetry and global positioning system and applied to practical surveying and mapping work.

(B) the status of remote sensing technology

At present, remote sensing technology is mainly used in daily weather, ocean, environmental forecasting and disaster monitoring, land use, urban planning, desertification monitoring, environmental protection and so on, which has brought great economic benefits to society.

In particular, space remote sensing is put forward, but satellite remote sensing is the most effective method to obtain all kinds of information at present.

Satellite remote sensing technology plays an important role in realizing the concept of digital earth.

The practical significance of digital earth is to turn the earth into a virtual sphere, express all kinds of information on the earth in digital form, and realize three-dimensional and multi-resolution description of the earth.

Digital Earth is a huge project. In the long run, satellite remote sensing technology is needed to provide a reliable information source for updating information and collecting a set of information. In other words, satellite remote sensing is a necessary means to realize digital earth, and it is irreplaceable by other means.

Second, the application and main technologies of photogrammetry and remote sensing

(A) the application of photogrammetry and remote sensing in cadastral survey

The application of digital photogrammetry and remote sensing model in cadastral survey has a very broad prospect.

The rapid development of space industry provides the main data elements for high-resolution satellite remote sensing image technology and spatial geographic information.

Three-dimensional digital photogrammetry systems such as laser imaging radar and dual-antenna SAR system are mainly used.

Using satellite remote sensing for land resources investigation and dynamic monitoring of land use can make a good reference for changing cadastral survey quickly and timely, and at the same time, it can successfully complete the surveying and mapping of cadastral lines, and can also obtain orthophoto cadastral maps, three-dimensional digital cadastral maps and other supporting products.

Digital photogrammetry mainly takes large-scale aerial photographs as the data acquisition object, and uses this technology to collect cadastral data on aerial photographs and implement three-dimensional encryption.

The cadastral map obtained by digital photogrammetry and mode has a large amount of information and strong real-time performance; Most of the work is done indoors, which can reduce labor intensity and labor cost and greatly improve work efficiency. This is a very practical cadastral survey mode.

(2) The application of photogrammetry in 3D model surface reconstruction.

Three-dimensional object reconstruction technology can be widely used in the fields of ancient building reconstruction and cultural relics protection, medical reconstruction, industrial measurement, face reconstruction, human body reconstruction and process measurement. This technology mainly obtains a group of pictures with short baseline and overlapping many times through hand-held digital camera, and obtains reliable model point data through stereo matching.

The fast three-dimensional reconstruction technology based on short baseline multi-image digital photogrammetry can solve the problem that the near and far view of deformation can not be taken into account at the same time in quiet photogrammetry. In the process of operation, digital camera and hand-held shooting mode are adopted, which makes this technology simple, fast and highly automated.

(C) the application of remote sensing automatic positioning technology

Remote sensing automatic positioning technology can determine the actual position of the impact target and accurately interpret the impact attributes. On the basis of GPS aerial triangulation, the airborne impact sensor is composed of inertial navigation system to realize high-precision fixed-point photographic imaging.

Under the condition of satellite remote sensing, the accuracy can even reach the meter level.

The application of remote sensing automatic positioning technology is helpful to realize the workflow of real-time mapping and real-time data updating, and can greatly reduce the workload of field image control survey.

Third, the development prospect of photogrammetry and remote sensing

At present, photogrammetry and remote sensing technology have made new progress in data acquisition and processing, information service and data analysis. With the rapid development of data acquisition equipment, the automation degree of data processing system has been improved correspondingly, and the aerial photogrammetry software has been modularized and standardized, which has realized the integrated aerial photogrammetry method and enhanced the information management ability of remote sensing images.

In addition, we can see that the globalization process in the field of surveying and mapping is intensifying.

Four. conclusion

Although photogrammetry and remote sensing technology have developed rapidly and been widely used in surveying and mapping, they have gradually realized digitalization and intelligence.

At present, China's photogrammetry and remote sensing equipment has practical production problems such as single product type and low production efficiency, which runs counter to the rapidly developing information industry and cannot reach the international level.

It is necessary for the country to develop the surveying and mapping instrument manufacturing industry and professional software development capabilities, conduct interdisciplinary cooperation, concentrate superior forces, and guide market development through government policies. China still has a long way to go before it can make a greater leap in photogrammetry and remote sensing.

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