When does alfalfa bloom?

The growing season in North China is from April to June, and the optimum temperature for the full flowering period is 22-27℃. Flowers bloom most vigorously at 9- 12 in the morning, and it is forbidden to be hot and rainy when flowering. But in our south, flowers can be seen everywhere all year round. It depends on your area!

Pictures of alfalfa: /i? ct=5033 16480。 z = 0 & amptn = baiduimagedetail & ampDC % D9 % DE % A3 & amp； in = 30482 & ampcl = 2 & ampcm= 1。 sc = 0 & amplm=- 1。 pn = 17 & amp； rn= 1。 di=528639328。 ln=633

Source distribution editing

Medicago sativa originated from "near east"

Alfalfa [1]

Center "-that is, the highlands of Asia Minor, Transcaucasia, Iran and Turkmenistan, the geographical center of alfalfa often mentioned is Iran. Alfalfa is suitable for development in areas with obvious continental climate, which are characterized by late arrival of spring, short summer and near neutral soil pH [2].

Alfalfa is mainly distributed in warm areas and generally distributed in the northern hemisphere. The United States, Canadian, Italian, French, China and the southern part of the former Soviet Union are the main producing areas. Only some countries and regions in the southern hemisphere have large-scale cultivation, such as Argentina, Chile, South Africa, Australia, New Zealand and other countries. The United States is the country with the largest planting area in the world, with an area of more than 6.5438+million hectares, accounting for about 33% of the total planting area; Argentina followed, about 7 million hectares, accounting for 23%; Canada ranks third, planting about 2 million hectares every year, accounting for about 8%; China ranks fifth, accounting for about 4.5%. [2]

2 morphological feature editing

Alfalfa [1]

The plant height is about 1 m, the plant is semi-erect, with axial roots and deep roots. There are many branches per plant, thin and dense stems, small and thick leaves, dark green leaves, deep purple flowers and compact inflorescences; Pods dark brown, spiral, 2-3 circles; The seeds are kidney-shaped, yellow, with a 1000-grain weight of about1.8g. They have strong drought resistance and moderate cold resistance, and the flowering period is about 7- 10 days later than that of Guanzhong alfalfa and about 10 days earlier than that of Xinjiang alfalfa. The yield of alfalfa in Longdong is high, especially in one crop, which generally accounts for 55% of the total output, 365,438+0% in the second crop and 65,438+04% in the third crop. Generally, the yield of fresh grass in dry land is 2000-4000 kg/mu, and the irrigated land can reach more than 5000 kg/mu. Because of the low moisture content and high hay yield, the grassland is durable and long-lived. The disadvantage is that the regeneration speed after harvest is slow. Longdong alfalfa is a high-yield variety under dry farming conditions, and should only be popularized in dry farming areas with moderate precipitation.

Herbs perennial, 30- 100 cm tall. Thick roots, deep into the soil layer, well-developed root neck. The stems are erect, clustered, procumbent, quadrangular, hairless or slightly pilose, with lush foliage. Pinnate trifoliate compound leaves; Stipules are large, ovate-lanceolate, with acute apex, entire base or 1-2 teeth, and clear veins; Petiole shorter than lobule; Leaflets are oblong, obovate to linear, equal in size, or the terminal leaflets are slightly larger, with a length of (5) 10-25 (-40) mm and a width of 3- 10 mm, papery, with obtuse apex, long teeth protruding from the midvein, narrow base and wedge shape, and more than one third of the edges are serrated. The terminal petiole is slightly longer than the lateral petiole.

Inflorescence racemose or capitate,1-2.5cm long, with 5-30 flowers; The total pedicel is straight and longer than the leaves; Bracts linear-conical, long or equal to pedicels; The flower length is 6-12mm; Pedicel short, about 2 mm long; Calyx bell-shaped, 3-5 mm long, calyx teeth linearly tapering, longer than calyx tube, appressed pilose; Corolla of various colors: light yellow, deep blue to deep purple, petal stalk long, flag petal oblong, slightly concave at the apex, obviously longer than wing petal and keel petal, wing petal slightly longer than keel petal; Ovary linear, pilose, short and wide style, sharp apex, punctate stigma and numerous ovules.

The pod is spirally coiled for 2-4 (-6) turns, with no hole in the center or almost no hole, 5-9 mm in diameter, pilose or gradually shedding, thin and unclear pulse, and brown when mature; There are 10-20 seeds. Seeds ovoid, long 1-2.5 mm, smooth, yellow or brown. The flowering period is from May to July, and the fruiting period is from June to August. [3]

3 growth habit editor

Born in fields, roadsides, wilderness, grasslands, river banks and valleys. [3]

4 geographical distribution editing

Cultivated or semi-wild plants are found all over the country. [3]

5 main feature editing

Feed and pasture are widely planted in Eurasia and other countries in the world. [3]

Feed form:

Purple clover hut [1]

Alfalfa is a perennial herb belonging to the genus Medicago in Leguminosae. Its root system is developed and its main root is buried several meters to several tens of meters. There are many stems and buds in the root neck, which are exposed on the ground or buried in the topsoil, and there are dozens to hundreds of neck tillers. Stems are inclined or erect, smooth and slightly square, about 100 ~ 150 cm high, with many branches. The leaves are pinnately trifoliate, the leaflets are oblong or ovoid, the top is serrated, and the middle leaves are slightly larger. Racemes are clustered, with 20 ~ 30 florets in each cluster, iris, short pedicel, 10 stamens, 1+9 stamens, forming a joint stamen tube, which is elastic; 1 pistil. The pod is spiral, with 2-4 circles, smooth surface and inconspicuous veins. Light green when young, dark brown when mature, not cracking. Each pod contains 2-9 seeds. The seeds are kidney-shaped, yellow or yellowish brown, with shiny surface, and the old seeds are darker in color; The weight of 1000 grains 1.5 ~ 2.3g, and there are about 300,000 ~ 500,000 grains per kg.

Characteristics of forage grass: perennial leguminous forage grass, alfalfa has strong stress resistance and wide adaptability, and can grow in various types of climate and soil environment. Sex likes dry, warm, sunny and rainy climate and highly dry, loose, well-drained and calcium-rich soil. The optimum temperature is 25 ~ 30℃; Where the annual rainfall is 400 ~ 800 mm, the growth is good, and when it exceeds 1000 mm, the growth is poor. The annual rainfall is less than 400 mm, and it needs irrigation conditions to flourish. Rainy and humid weather is the most unfavorable in summer. Alfalfa has high transpiration coefficient and large growth water demand. Every 1 g dry matter needs about 800 g of water, but water accumulation is the most taboo. If it is flooded continuously for 1 ~ 2 days, a large number of people will die. Alfalfa is suitable for planting in neutral to slightly alkaline soil, but not in strong acid and alkali soil. The optimum pH value of soil is 7 ~ 8, and the soil can grow when the soluble salt content is lower than 0.3%. Areas below 2700 meters above sea level, frost-free period 100 days or more, annual accumulated temperature 10℃ or more, and annual average temperature above 4℃ are all suitable for planting alfalfa. Alfalfa is a plant with strong light, and the maximum amount of carbon dioxide assimilated by its leaves is 70 mg per square meter per hour. The starch content in leaves changed greatly day and night, and the dry weight increased from 8% in the morning to 20% at sunset, and then the content decreased sharply. Leaves are places of photosynthesis. The leaf area index of well-developed alfalfa population is usually 5,5000 ~15000 leaves per square meter.

Alfalfa (4 pieces)

Processing of alfalfa: Alfalfa can be processed into alfalfa grass powder. Its production is one of many processing and storage methods with less nutrient loss. The processing industry of forage powder has been gradually industrialized in the world, and European and American countries began to produce forage powder as early as the 1920s and 1930s. By the 1950s, the production technology of grass powder had reached a fairly high level. Grass powder production in many countries has achieved specialization and intensification. Rapid high-temperature drying method is often used to produce grass powder, which includes the production of dehydrated alfalfa powder, and the harvested alfalfa is cut off and processed by a drum high-temperature airflow forage processing unit. In this process, the high-temperature air outside quickly transfers heat energy to the chopped alfalfa grass section, so that the moisture in the fresh grass quickly evaporates, and hay powder can be obtained after a few minutes of treatment. Therefore, the loss of nutrients caused by the biochemical changes of plants themselves and external mechanical effects is greatly reduced. The processing process is less affected by climate factors, with short production cycle and high production efficiency.

Alfalfa processing (12 sheets)

High, can give full play to the role of using resources. Alfalfa is processed into grass powder, as the main raw material of compound feed for livestock, which plays the role of balancing dietary amino acids, providing rich vitamins and providing high-quality cellulose. Adding dehydrated alfalfa to the diet of laying birds can deepen the color of egg yolk, feed breeders can improve fertility, and feeding broilers can increase skin pigmentation. Studies have proved that when dehydrated alfalfa accounts for 10% of sow diet, ovulation rate and farrowing survival rate can be improved. It is reported that feeding cows with dehydrated alfalfa and other grasses can increase milk production. The combination of dehydrated alfalfa and urea can replace soybean meal in dairy cows' diet. Studies have proved that feeding dehydrated alfalfa can improve the durability of lactation and reduce the milk fat rate. Feeding beef cattle and lambs with diet containing dehydrated alfalfa can significantly increase daily gain, carcass weight and slaughter rate.

Feeding advantages: alfalfa has the title of "king of pasture", and its outstanding advantages are as follows:

High yield grass

Due to different growth years and natural conditions, the grass yield of alfalfa varies greatly. 2-5 years after sowing, the yield of fresh grass per mu is generally 2000-4000 kg and hay is 500-800 kg. In areas with good hydrothermal conditions, 733 ~ 800 kilograms of hay can be produced per mu; In arid and low temperature areas, the yield of hay per mu is 400 ~ 730 kg; The yield of hay per mu in desert oasis irrigation area is 800 ~ 1000 kg.

Long service life

The life span of alfalfa can reach 30 years, and the field cultivation and utilization period can reach 7 ~ 10 years. However, its yield decreased with the increase of age after entering the high-yield period.

Strong reproducibility

Alfalfa is very reproducible and recovers quickly after mowing. Generally, it can be mowed 2 ~ 4 times a year, and in many cases it can be mowed 5 ~ 6 times.

Strong palatability

Alfalfa stems and leaves are tender and delicious. Whether it is green feed, silage, green hay preparation, grass powder processing, compound feed or mixed feed, all kinds of livestock and poultry like to eat it best, and it is also the first choice for raising pigs and poultry.

Normal nutrition

Alfalfa stems and leaves are rich in protein, minerals, vitamins and carotene, especially in leaves. When alfalfa is tender, the leaf weight accounts for about 50% of the whole plant, the crude protein content in leaves is 1 ~ 1.5 times higher than that in stems, and the crude fiber content is less than half. In the same area of land, the digestible total nutrients of alfalfa are 2 times that of Gramineae forage, 2.5 times that of digestible protein and 6 times that of minerals.

strong function

Improve gastrointestinal function

It has a history of many years.

Reduce cholesterol level

The composition of alfalfa has been widely studied.

Improve diabetes

Some herbalists say that alfalfa may help to improve diabetes.

Relieve menopausal discomfort

Alfalfa leaves also contain coumarin derivatives.

Increase the yield of fertile land

The developed roots of alfalfa can provide a large amount of organic matter for the soil, and can absorb calcium from deep soil, decompose phosphate, stay in the plough layer, and decompose to form organic colloid, which can make the soil form stable aggregates and improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil. Tuberculosis can fix nitrogen in the atmosphere and improve soil fertility. 2 ~ 4-year-old alfalfa grassland, the fresh weight of roots per mu can reach 1335 ~ 2670 kg, and the nitrogen content of roots per mu is about 15 kg, the total phosphorus is 2.3 kg, and the total potassium is 6 kg. Nitrogen 18kg can be fixed from the air per mu every year, which is equivalent to 55kg of ammonium nitrate. Alfalfa stubble for three years without fertilization can also make it stable and high yield. The yield increase range is usually 30% ~ 50%, and the highest can reach more than 1 times. An agricultural proverb says, "One acre of alfalfa and three acres of land are enough for three years."

conservation of water and soil

Alfalfa has lush foliage and covers the ground. Two-year-old alfalfa grows for 40 days after turning green, and the coverage rate can reach 95%. It is also a perennial deep root type, which plays a very significant role in improving soil physical and chemical properties, increasing water permeability, blocking runoff, preventing erosion, maintaining slope and reducing soil erosion. According to the calculation, compared with alfalfa, the annual soil and water loss per mu of sloping land is 16 times and 9 times.

honey plant

Honey source plants. Alfalfa is a cross-pollinated plant, which is often pollinated by external mechanical forces and insects. The flowering period lasts 40-60 days. Putting bees in the field at flowering stage can greatly improve honey yield and alfalfa seed yield.

6 mainly use editing

Utilize technology

1.

It is advisable to start cutting when the plant height is 30 ~ 40 cm.

2.

The suitable period for seed collection on plants is 1/2 ~ 2/3.

3.

Alfalfa should be used according to needs and planting area.

4.

Service life of forage harvest and seed harvest

5.

Alfalfa is the most suitable animal for grazing and utilization.

6.

Alfalfa is used to prepare hay.

Green feeding technology

Green feeding is the most common way of raising livestock and poultry, but we should pay attention to the best harvest time of alfalfa, and different growth stages affect the nutritional value of alfalfa. The nutrient composition of alfalfa is closely related to the harvest time. Alfalfa has a high water content in the growth period, but with the extension of the growth period, the dry matter content gradually increases, the protein content gradually decreases, the crude fiber significantly increases, and the degree of fiber lignification increases. If the harvest is too late, the harvest is the largest, the total amount of stems increases, the ratio of leaves to stems decreases, the nutritional composition changes obviously, and the feeding value decreases. Due to the high water content of alfalfa, pigs and poultry should pay attention to supplementing energy and protein feed when feeding green feed. Ruminant livestock are prone to bloating if they eat too much, so they are generally used with grasses.

Hay preparation

Alfalfa grass has good quality and is deeply loved by all kinds of livestock and poultry. Feeding alfalfa to livestock and poultry can replace some grain. According to American research, the substitution rate is 1.6: 1, that is, 1.6 kg of alfalfa hay is equivalent to 1 kg of grain energy. Alfalfa is rich in protein. According to the comprehensive efficiency of energy and protein, the grain substitution rate of alfalfa can reach 1.2: 1. There are many ways to prepare hay, mainly natural drying and artificial drying. The nutritional value of alfalfa hay prepared by natural drying method is closely related to drying time, in which the content and digestibility of crude protein, crude ash and calcium decrease with the increase of drying days, while the content of crude fiber increases with the increase of drying days. Statistical analysis of the relationship between dry matter rate and chemical composition of alfalfa by rice fat (1994) showed that controlling the lignification degree of alfalfa fiber and reducing the loss of crude protein were the key to improve the digestion and utilization rate of alfalfa. Therefore, it is very important to harvest in time and reduce the loss of leaves during transportation and drying, because the protein content of alfalfa leaves accounts for more than 80% of the whole plant.

Internationally, manual rapid drying method was adopted from 1950s, and it has developed into large-scale industrial production in 1960s. There are three main forms of artificial drying.

1, ventilation drying at room temperature-fast drying the moisture contained in semi-dried alfalfa by high-speed wind;

2. Low temperature drying method-drying alfalfa with water at 50℃-70℃ or 120℃- 150℃;

3. High-temperature rapid drying method-using high-temperature airflow (up to 1 100℃), the moisture content of alfalfa is reduced to 10%- 12% in a few minutes or even seconds. After high-temperature drying, it is mainly made into high-quality grass powder, grass blocks or granular feed as protein and vitamins for livestock and poultry. There is a big gap in international quality alfalfa products, and China is mainly exported to Japan, Italy and other countries. Alfalfa powder is a good vitamin for livestock and poultry, and it is also a supplementary feed for protein. It can supplement carotene, vitamins K, B2 and other B vitamins, yellow pigment and high-quality protein. Artificial hay powder contains less vitamin D, so attention should be paid to supplementing D3. Due to the poor digestive ability of poultry, high quality 1 grass powder should be selected. The additive amount of alfalfa meal in laying hens' diet was 1%-2.5% before 6 weeks, and 2.5%-5% from 7 weeks to laying period. 2.5%-7% alfalfa powder can be added to the broiler control; Broilers should be controlled at1.5%-2.0%; The alfalfa meal consumption of laying ducks and meat ducks is similar to that of laying hens and broilers, but it can be slightly higher. The amount of alfalfa meal in turkey diet is similar to that of laying hens and broilers, but it can be slightly higher. Alfalfa powder is used in turkey diet, which is more than 5% and the highest is 25%. Alfalfa powder is generally not used in piglet diet, and it can account for 5%- 15% for growing-finishing pigs and more than 10% for sows. The proportion of alfalfa meal in rabbit feed can be as high as 40%-70%; The combination of alfalfa meal and urea in cattle and sheep diet can cooperate with each other, and the utilization effect is remarkable. The content of alfalfa powder is 50%-80%.

Silage utilization

Alfalfa silage or semi-dry silage has less nutritional loss, has the nutritional characteristics of green feed, good palatability and high digestibility, and can be preserved for a long time. Most developed animal husbandry countries have changed from hay-based modulation to silage utilization. The following silage methods are mainly adopted.

3. 1 semi-dry silage

In foreign countries, silage towers are generally used for semi-dry silage preservation of alfalfa, and the cost of silage towers is high. In China, silage pits are usually used to store alfalfa. No matter which method is adopted, the key is to air dry alfalfa quickly before silage to reduce the water content to 40%-50%. This kind of silage has the advantages of hay and silage.

3.2 Formic acid silage

This is a method popularized abroad. The method is to add 2.8 kg-3 kg of 85%-90% formic acid to each ton of silage raw materials and spray them in layers. In the process of silage and rumen digestion, formic acid can be decomposed into CO2 and CH4, which is harmless to livestock, and formic acid itself can also be absorbed and utilized by livestock. The average daily gain of calves fed with this silage is 0.757kg-0.8 17kg, which is nearly 1 times higher than that of ordinary silage.

3.3 Stretching film silage technology

This is a new method adopted abroad, and it is fully mechanized. The operation procedure is: mowing-bundling-discharging-winding and stretching the film. Its main advantage is that it is not affected by weather changes, can be preserved for 3 -5 years and is convenient to use.

Leaf protein utilization

Alfalfa leaf protein (ALP) is a protein concentrate formed by crushing, squeezing, coagulating, precipitating and drying timely harvested alfalfa. Generally, crude protein is 50%-60%, crude fiber is 0.5%-2%, digestive energy12.5 mj/kg-0/3.5 mj/kg, metabolic energy12.4 mj/kg-0/2.9 mj/kg. There are many studies in France, the United States and Australia. In the United States, ALP has been added to feed for sale in a certain proportion. The extraction rate of alkaline phosphatase in production is about 0.89% of alfalfa yield. There is a serious shortage of resources in protein in China, and the protein content of leaf protein is equivalent to that of soybean meal and fish meal, so it has great potential to replace part of fish meal and soybean meal in pig and poultry feed. ALP can replace 50%-70% fish meal or meat and bone meal of laying hens, and the protein digestibility is improved. Replacing 25%-50% fish meal or meat and bone meal in broiler diet with ALP has little effect on broiler weight gain. When it is used to replace 50%-75% of fish meal or meat and bone meal in chick diet, its survival rate can be improved by 3.4%-4.2%. ALP can replace 50% animal protein and 1/3 soybean meal of 40 -60-day-old pigs and 1 day-old growing pigs.

7 Factory Impact Editor

Influence on the quality of poultry products

The color of egg yolk mainly depends on the content of lutein in feed. If 60 mg lutein is contained in each kilogram of feed, eggs with darker yolk will be produced. Alfalfa powder is rich in lutein, and the content of lutein per kilogram of alfalfa powder is about 240mg, which is more than 10 (22mg/kg) of yellow corn. Huang Yude once reported that 5% alfalfa was added to the diet of laying hens.

Because different crude protein levels in feed will affect the lean meat rate of pigs, alfalfa products belong to high protein and low digestibility (high crude fiber content), so adding it to the diet of growing and finishing pigs in a proper proportion will improve the lean meat rate of pigs and make the meat fresh and tender, but it has no effect on the production performance of pigs. The experiment of Bohman et al. (1953) showed that pigs fed alfalfa were always lean, and the slaughter rate was low. Pigs fed high level alfalfa have more meat in hind legs, waist and shoulders, but less fat in abdomen and back. Stahly and Cromwell( 1986), adding 10% dehydrated alfalfa meal to the diet of 10℃.

Flowchart of comprehensive development and utilization of alfalfa

As a result, the pig's back fat thickness decreased by 3%. Experiments in several States in the United States (1953- 1955) showed that 5%- 15% of high-quality alfalfa meal can make growing pigs achieve good production performance.

Effect on milk quality and beef quality

Alfalfa is a high-quality pasture in cattle industry, which can not only increase the milk fat rate, but also increase the vitamin content in milk, especially the fat-soluble vitamins. Jiang Zhijie et al. (1982) fed cows with alfalfa hay and semi-dry silage, which significantly increased the milk yield and the milk fat rate increased from 3.43% to 3.52%. Kirkpatrich et al. (1984) proved that alfalfa can replace part of concentrated feed of dairy cows and improve milk fat rate without affecting milk yield. Shaver( 1986), Joanovic( 1987) and conlenbrander (1991) further confirmed this argument. Alfalfa products should be properly used in beef cattle diet. In order to prevent beef from yellowing, alfalfa meal is not widely used in fattening feed for Japanese beef cattle.

future

Planting alfalfa can not only promote the development of animal husbandry and increase income, but also cultivate land. Maintain soil and water, improve soil and optimize planting structure. With the development of science, using alfalfa to develop and produce functional food has broad prospects and huge market potential.

Comprehensive development and utilization of alfalfa

The comprehensive development and utilization of alfalfa can obtain feed-grade crude protein, food-grade protamine, chlorophyll salt, lutein, saponin, grass grain, grass cake, grass powder and so on. So as to realize 0/00% recovery of active ingredient/kloc-,turn waste into treasure and reduce environmental pollution.

More information about natural extracts and natural pigments is needed. Welcome to the forum of natural pigment application technology.

8 variety introduction editor

The domestic alfalfa varieties suitable for planting in Liaoning mainly include Aohan alfalfa, Gongnong 1, Zhongmu 1, Runbule and Xinjiang Daye. The main domestic varieties in Liaoning Province are Aohan Alfalfa, Runbule, Gongnong 1. Imported varieties include CW200, Fenal, Algonquin and Golden Queen.

The introduction of varieties mainly considers three factors: temperature, rainfall and soil. The main index of cold resistance of varieties, that is, wintering ability, is expressed by dormancy series. The smaller the series, the stronger the cold resistance, and the larger the series, the lower the cold resistance. Liaoning Province is located in the northern province, and the temperature in winter is as low as -30℃, which is suitable for introducing varieties below Grade 3, such as Huanghou (Grade 2), CW 200 (Grade 2), Suntory (suitable for vast areas), WL252 (Grade 2), WL323 (Grade 3), Algonquin (Grade 2) and Fennar (Grade 2). Dalian and Dandong can introduce three-grade varieties, such as CW300, WL323, (Grade III), Polaris (Grade 2-3), Nongbao (Grade 2-3) and Liangmu No.2 (Grade 2-3). When introducing varieties above Grade 3, we must be cautious, try to plant them in small batches and then plant them in large areas. In the arid and semi-arid areas of western Liaoning, northwestern Liaoning and northern Liaoning, it is suggested to choose varieties with strong drought resistance, such as Aohan, Runbule, Zhongmu 1, Algonquin, Fenner, Giant, CW200, WL232, WL252 and Giant. There are many saline-alkali land in Liaoning coastal areas, so varieties with strong salt tolerance should be selected, such as Zhongmu 1, Jinhuanghou, dual-purpose alfalfa, Liangmu No.2, etc. In the south, it is suitable to plant winter active varieties with high autumn dormancy, pest resistance, high temperature and waterlogging tolerance: Saidi No.7 (grade 7) and Saidi10 (grade10).

More than 400 species of forage germplasm resources have been introduced, including 12000 [4], of which more than 8000 have been deposited in the national long-term bank and the central bank of forage resources of the Ministry of Agriculture, which greatly enriched the forage genetic resources in China; More than 3000 copies of germplasm materials were provided to relevant domestic units, and 2 provincial authorized forage varieties and 4 new strains were bred (2 of them have entered the national regional trial of forage varieties).

Suntory

This variety was approved by the National Grass Variety Approval Committee in 2002 and registered as an imported variety with the variety registration number of 247.

Yield and quality: Suntory alfalfa not only has a high yield (hay per mu 1.500 kg or more), but also has a wide application area, and can be planted in most parts of North China, parts of Northwest China, Central China and Southwest China. Moreover, it is rich in nutrition, with protein content (65,438+08%-22%) and digestibility (above 70%), soft stems and excellent palatability.

Soil and Farming: Sowing Suntory fields should be cultivated in time after the early harvest, weeds should be eliminated, raked and ground after autumn, and moisture and water should be stored. Irrigation should be carried out after autumn ploughing in the irrigation area, and raking and grinding should be carried out before spring sowing, so that the topsoil is loose, the soil is fine and the ground is flat. According to soil fertility, apply organic fertilizer 1000-2-bus/ mu and calcium superphosphate 50- 100kg/ mu as base fertilizer.

Sowing date: according to local conditions, spring sowing, summer sowing and autumn sowing. Spring sowing should be early, autumn sowing should be synchronized with water and heat, seedling emergence should be neat, and weeds should be less. In cold areas, ditching in spring, harrowing before overwintering and covering with soil can be adopted. South spring sowing is not later than late March, and autumn sowing is not later than late June 10.

Sowing method and sowing amount: use rhizobia before sowing and mix sowing. In unicast, the sowing amount 1- 1.5 kg/mu, the sowing depth 1-2 cm, and the row spacing can be controlled at about 20 cm.

Field management: Suntory grows slowly at seedling stage and is vulnerable to weeds, so it needs weeding 1-2 times. In dry farming areas, soil should be loosened and topdressing should be done in time after mowing; Irrigation areas should be combined with fertilization and watering to promote regeneration. Fertilizer is mainly compound fertilizer, and it is not allowed to apply nitrogen fertilizer or less nitrogen fertilizer.