Does anyone know what the intangible cultural heritage of China's provinces is?

According to the provisions of the Convention for the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage, those belonging to one of the following categories can be classified as cultural heritage: ① Cultural relics: buildings, sculptures and paintings with outstanding and universal value from the perspective of history, art or science, elements or structures with archaeological significance, inscriptions, caves, settlements and the synthesis of various cultural relics; (2) Building: a single or interrelated building with outstanding and universal value from a historical, artistic or scientific point of view because of its architectural form, identity and position in the landscape; (3) Sites: man-made projects or masterpieces of man and nature with outstanding and universal values and archaeological sites from the perspective of history, aesthetics, ethnology or anthropology.

Any cultural heritage project nominated for inclusion in the World Heritage List must meet one or more of the following criteria before it can be approved. (1) represents a unique artistic achievement and a creative masterpiece of genius; ② It can have a great influence on the development of architectural art, memorial art, town planning or landscape design in a certain period or a certain cultural region in the world; ③ It can provide a unique or at least special witness for a disappearing civilization or cultural tradition; ④ It can be used as an outstanding example of a building, a group of buildings or a landscape, showing an important stage (or stages) in the visit history; ⑤ It can be regarded as an outstanding example of a traditional place where human beings live or use, representing one (or several) cultures, which are easily destroyed under the influence of irreversible changes. ⑤ It has direct or substantial connection with events with special universal significance or current traditions or ideas or beliefs or literary and artistic works. (Only under some special circumstances or when this standard works with other standards, this paragraph can be the reason for listing in the World Heritage List. )

the Great Wall

Wan Li Great Wall, a world-famous ancient building in China, starts from Shanhaiguan in Bohai Bay in the east and Jiayuguan in Gansu Province in the west. It runs through mountains and stretches for 65,438+20 Wan Li, spanning seven provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions in northern China. As early as the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, countries built the Great Wall to guard against the enemy. After China was unified by the Qin Dynasty, the segmented defensive walls were connected to build the magnificent Great Wall of Wan Li, which was later strengthened and repaired by successive dynasties. In the Ming Dynasty (1368 to 1644), it was gradually rebuilt on the old basis. The Great Wall of Wan Li is magnificent and one of the greatest projects in the history of the world. 1987 is listed in the world cultural heritage list.

Ming and Qing imperial palace

Located in the center of Beijing. Formerly known as the Forbidden City, it was the imperial palace of the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The largest and most complete ancient architectural complex in China. It was built in the 4th to 18th year of Yongle in Ming Dynasty (1406- 1420), and it has been rebuilt and rebuilt many times, and still maintains its original layout. It covers an area of more than 720,000 square meters, with a construction area of about 6.5438+0.5 million square meters and more than 9,000 houses. The surrounding palace wall is 654.38+00 meters high and about 3 kilometers long. Four feet stand on a beautiful turret, surrounded by a moat with a width of 52 meters. The whole building complex is magnificent, luxurious, with open and symmetrical layout and magnificent interior and exterior decoration. It is the essence of ancient architectural art in China, and 1987 is listed in the World Cultural Heritage List. On July 1 day, 2004, Shenyang Forbidden City was listed in the World Heritage List as an extension project of the palace cultural heritage of Ming and Qing Dynasties.

Mogao grottoes in Mogao grottoes

Located on the cliff at the eastern foot of Mingsha Mountain in Dunhuang City, Gansu Province. Commonly known as the Thousand Buddha Cave, it is the largest existing treasure house of Buddhist art in the world. It was first chiseled in 366 years before Qin Jianyuan, and it was chiseled in all dynasties. The cave is divided into five layers, which are arranged in sequence, and the length from north to south is 1600 meters. Its shapes mainly include Zen Grottoes, Zhongzhu Grottoes and Diedouding Grottoes. There are 492 numbered caves, more than 45,000 square meters of murals, more than 3,000 painted sculptures and 5 wooden buildings in Tang and Song Dynasties. /kloc-in 0/900, more than 50,000 paintings of classics, history, books and collections from the Western Jin Dynasty to the Song Dynasty were found in the Tibetan Sutra Cave. The Mogao Grottoes, which integrates architecture, painting and sculpture, is the richest grotto art treasure house in China. 1987 is listed in the world cultural heritage list.

Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor

Located at the northern foot of Lishan Mountain, Lintong District, Xi, Shaanxi Province. The mausoleum was built from 246 BC to 208 BC, and the existing tomb is 40 meters high. The layout of the cemetery imitates Xianyang, Qin Dou, and is divided into two cities, with an inner city of about 2.5 kilometers and an outer city of about 6.3 kilometers. Terracotta Warriors and Horses Pit, located in the east of Qin Shihuang Mausoleum, is a large tomb pit of Qin Mausoleum, which was discovered in 1974. Four pits have been dug, covering an area of more than 25,000 square meters. A large number of painted pottery terracotta warriors and horses with the same size as real horses and various weapons used in actual combat at that time can be buried in the inner bush. As many as ten thousand cultural relics have been unearthed. 1987 is listed in the world cultural heritage list.

Zhoukoudian Peking Man Site Zhoukoudian Peking Man Site

Located in Gulong Mountain, Zhoukoudian, Fangshan District, Beijing. This is an important Paleolithic site in China. 1927 started excavation, and three complete skulls and some residual bones were found in the cave, which is the discovery place of Peking man and Neanderthal fossils. Cavemen represent the types of new human beings more than 10,000 years ago, and are important physical materials for studying human evolution. Since the founding of New China, Peking man fossils, stone tools, fire relics and other new materials have been discovered one after another, which are extremely valuable materials for studying the history of human development and the primitive social history of China. 1987 is listed in the world cultural heritage list.

Chengde mountain resort and surrounding temples

Chengde mountain resort and its peripheral temples

Located in Chengde City, Hebei Province. Also known as "Chengde Ligong" and "Jehol Palace". It was built from the 42nd year of Kangxi to the 55th year of Qianlong (1703- 1790). Covering an area of more than 5.6 million square meters, with more than 1 10 buildings, it was the place where emperors in the Qing Dynasty spent their summer vacation and handled government affairs. It is divided into two parts: the palace area and the garden area, surrounded by a stone palace wall with a length of 10 km. The Forbidden City is divided into four groups of buildings: the main palace, the East Palace, Song Hezhai and Wanhe Song Feng. The Lianbo Jingcheng Hall in the main palace is all made of nanmu structure, and all kinds of ceremonies are held here. It is the largest existing ancient palace in China. 1994 is listed in the world cultural heritage list.

Confucius Temple, Confucius Temple, Confucius Temple, Qufu Confucius House.

Located in Qufu City, Shandong Province. Qufu Confucius Temple is the earliest and largest Confucius Temple in China. It covers an area of about 6,543,800 square meters and has 466 halls. The main buildings are the Monument Pavilion in Jin and Yuan Dynasties, Kuiwen Pavilion built in Ming Dynasty and Dacheng Hall rebuilt in Qing Dynasty. Adjacent to the Confucius Temple, the Confucius House is the residence of the Duke of Feast, a direct descendant of Confucius. Kong Lin is the graveyard of Confucius and his descendants, and there are inscriptions praising Confucius in all previous dynasties. 1994 is listed in the world cultural heritage list.

Potala Palace in Tibet Potala Palace in Lhasa

Located in Lhasa, Xizang Autonomous Region. It is a famous palace-style building complex and a famous Tibetan Buddhist temple in China. It is more than 3000 meters above sea level. Built to commemorate the marriage of Princess Wencheng in Tang Dynasty and Songzan Gambu in Tibet, it has a history of 1300 years. The magnificent Potala Palace is built on the hill, with a height of 13 stories and a height of 1 17 meters. It is all made of granite with golden cornices and carved beams and painted buildings. It is the most precious treasure house of religion, art and culture in Tibet. There are palaces, Buddhist temples, study rooms, bedrooms, Lingta halls and courtyards. All the buildings overlap, and the hall is rugged and majestic, which reflects the distinctive characteristics of Tibetan architecture and some styles of the integration of Chinese and Tibetan cultures. 1994 is listed in the world cultural heritage list. In 2000, Jokhang Temple and Norbulingka were approved to be included in the World Heritage List as extensions of the Potala Palace historical complex.

ancient building complex in the wu dang mountains

Located in danjiangkou city, Hubei Province. It was called Taihe Mountain in ancient times. Fiona Fang is 400 kilometers long, with 72 peaks, 36 rocks and 24 streams. The elevation of Tianzhu Peak, the main peak, is 16 12m. The peaks and valleys are dangerous and the caves are secluded. There are huge ancient buildings belonging to Taoism on the mountain, including Bagong Hall, Erguan Hall, Thirty-six Luan Hall and Seventy-two Rock Temple. This mountain peak was built in the Golden Hall of the Ming Dynasty and is famous for its bronze casting and gold plating. It is one of the biggest architectural treasures of copper in China. Wudang Mountain is the birthplace of Wutang Boxing. 1994 is listed in the world cultural heritage list.

Ancient City-Lijiang, Old Town of Lijiang

Located in Lijiang Naxi Autonomous County, Yunnan Province. Founded in the late Song Dynasty and early Yuan Dynasty (from the end of 12 century to the middle of 13 century), with an area of 1.6 square kilometers, it is the settlement of Naxi people. There are places of interest such as Black Dragon Pool and Wufenglou. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the "Lijiang Man" stone was discovered. The ancient city is surrounded by green hills. Three tributaries of the Black Dragon Pool water pass through the ancient city. On the way, they flow into the walls around the residents, forming a complete water system, and Jing Quan is strewn at random. The well-known Dongba hieroglyphs, paintings, music, dances and Dongba scriptures are rich in connotation. It is a valuable example to study the unique living environment, local history and culture and national folk customs of Naxi nationality. 1997 is listed in the world cultural heritage list.

Ancient City-Pingyao-Pingyao

Located in Pingyao County, Shanxi Province. It was built in the period of Western Zhou Xuanwang (827-782 BC) and in the third year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (1370). It is square, with a wall height of about12m, a circumference of 6.4km and an area of 2.25km2.. There are urns, battlements, watchtowers and other city defense facilities, as well as Kuixing Tower, Point Platform and Watchtower. There were cosmetic repairs in Ming and Qing dynasties, but the shape and structure of the early Ming dynasty were basically maintained. The streets, buildings and shops in the city still retain their original shapes, which are the physical materials for studying the construction of county towns in Ming Dynasty. 1997 is listed in the world cultural heritage list.

The Classical Gardens of Suzhou

Located in Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province. Suzhou gardens, represented by Humble Administrator's Garden, Master of Nets Garden, Lingering Garden, Canglang Pavilion, Lion Forest and Huanxiu Villa, concentrated the essence of garden architecture in the south of the Yangtze River, representing the architectural styles of different times in Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing respectively. Suzhou classical gardens skillfully use gardening techniques and skills such as contrast, contrast, borrowing scenery, scale transformation, level coordination, seeing the big from the small, winning more with less, etc., and combine pavilions, terraces, buildings, pavilions, springs, stones, flowers and trees to create a living environment in which people and nature live in harmony in the city. It occupies an irreplaceable position in the history of world garden development. 1997 is listed in the world cultural heritage list. In June, 2000, Suzhou Art Garden, Lotus Garden, Canglang Pavilion, Lion Forest and Tuisi Garden were approved to be included in the World Heritage List as expansion projects of Suzhou classical gardens.

Beijing Summer Palace Beijing Summer Palace

Located in the northwest suburb of Beijing. This used to be the palace garden of the Qing Dynasty. Jinshan Palace was built here in the Jin Dynasty, and it was converted into Shan Hao Garden in the Ming Dynasty. In the fifteenth year of Qing Qianlong (1750), it was rebuilt and named Qingyi Garden. In the 14th year of Guangxu (1888), Empress Dowager Cixi was rebuilt and renamed the Summer Palace. It covers an area of 2.9 square kilometers, of which lakes account for about three quarters. There are more than 3,000 palaces, temples and garden buildings in various forms and types in the park, which are divided into three major activity areas: diligence, residence and sightseeing. The whole garden is centered on Wanshou Mountain, with green mountains and green waters, pavilions and pavilions, resplendent and magnificent, magnificent momentum and ingenious techniques, and has a very high position in the history of Chinese and foreign garden art. 1998 is listed in the world cultural heritage list.

Beijing Temple of Heaven, Beijing

Located in the south of Beijing. Founded in the 18th year of Yongle in Ming Dynasty (1420), it was rebuilt in Qing Dynasty, covering an area of about 2.7 million square meters. The main buildings are the Hall of Prayer for the New Year, the mound and the Yellow Dome, which are the places where emperors of Ming and Qing Dynasties prayed for heaven and valley. There are two walls, forming an inner and outer altar, and the altar wall is round in the south and round in the north, symbolizing the place of circle. There are famous echo walls and three-tone stones in front. The Temple of Heaven is the floorboard of two altars, and it is the largest existing ancient sacrificial complex in China. 1998 is listed in the world cultural heritage list.

Dazu stone carving Dazu stone carving

Located in Dazu County, Chongqing. There were chisels in the Tang, Five Dynasties and Song Dynasties, and they continued to be chiseled in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. There are ***23 sectors in the southwest, northwest and northeast of the county; Baoding Mountain and Beishan Mountain 19. Among them, the cliff statue of Baodingshan is the largest and most exquisite. In addition to Buddha statues and Taoist statues, there are statues of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism in grottoes, among which Buddhist statues account for the largest proportion. There are stone carvings in the cave, which have a strong flavor of life, diverse treatment methods and rich local color. 1999 is listed in the world cultural heritage list.

Ming and Qing royal tombs

Imperial tombs of the ming and qing dynasties is a cultural relic building carefully planned and built by the emperors of Ming and Qing Dynasties in China, which embodies the highest funeral system in China feudal society and the world outlook, outlook on life and death, morality and customs of feudal society for thousands of years, and also embodies the highest planning thought and architectural art in China at that time. Mausoleums are distributed in Beijing, Hebei, Liaoning, Anhui, Jiangsu, Hubei and other places, and the main buildings are well preserved, reflecting the original appearance of the Ming and Qing emperors' tombs. Now the well-preserved Ming emperors' tombs are: Ming Imperial Mausoleum, Ming Imperial Mausoleum, Ming Zu Mausoleum, Ming Tombs and Ming Xianling. The royal tombs in Qing Dynasty are: Qing Yongling Mausoleum, Fuling Mausoleum, Zhaoling Mausoleum, Qing Dongling Mausoleum and Qing Xiling Mausoleum. In 2000, it was included in the World Cultural Heritage List. In July 2003, the Ming Tombs and the Ming Tombs were included in the World Heritage List as part of the royal tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties. On July 1 day, 2004, the Three Tombs of Shengjing were listed as the expansion project of imperial tombs of the ming and qing dynasties, a world cultural heritage.

Longmen grottoes Longmen grottoes

Located in the south of Luoyang City, Henan Province. It is one of the four grottoes art treasures in China. The grottoes were dug in the Northern Wei Dynasty (386-534). After more than 400 years of large-scale construction, the grottoes are 1000 meters long, with caves 1352, 785 niches, about 65,438+10,000 statues, and more than 6,300 inscriptions and inscriptions. Its representative caves are Guyang Cave, Binyang Cave, Lianhua Cave and Fangzi Cave in the Northern Wei Dynasty, Qianxi Temple, Wanfo Cave, Fengxian Temple and Kanjing Temple in the Tang Dynasty. Lushena, the main Buddha of Fengxian Temple, is 17. 14 meters high, with a plump face, long eyebrows and slightly upturned corners of the mouth, showing concern and wisdom for the world and becoming a masterpiece of sculpture art in the Tang Dynasty. In 2000, it was included in the World Cultural Heritage List.

Qingchengshan-Dujiangyan Irrigation Project

Located in Chengdu, Sichuan Province. Qingcheng Mountain is the birthplace of Taoism in China and one of the ancestral halls of Shitiandao. Now it is one of the main activity areas of Taoist Quanzhen School, with more than 20 Taoist temples. Its architectural style has the characteristics of Taoist culture in China and folk houses in western Sichuan. Dujiangyan was built in 256 BC by Li Bing, the county magistrate of Qin Shu County during the Warring States Period. It consists of three main projects: Yu Zui Fenshui Dike, Sha Fei Weir Spillway and Aquarius Water Intake. It diverted water from Minjiang River to irrigate farmland in the plain of western Sichuan, and it still plays a huge role. It is one of the earliest existing irrigation projects in China. Surrounded by Erwang Temple, Fulongguan, An Lan Bridge, Lidui and other cultural relics. In 2000, it was included in the World Cultural Heritage List.

Xidi and Hongcun, Ancient Villages in Southern Anhui

Located in the east of yi county, Anhui Province, Xidi Village and Hongcun Village are the representatives. Xidi Village covers an area of nearly 13 hectares and has a history of more than 950 years. There are 3 ancestral halls, 1 archway and 224 14- 19 century ancient houses. Xidi Village has well preserved the typical features of ancient villages in Ming and Qing Dynasties, and is known as the "living museum of ancient houses". Hongcun was founded in 1 13 1, and there are 37 ancient buildings in Ming and Qing dynasties. In 2000, it was included in the World Cultural Heritage List.

Yungang grottoes Yungang grottoes

Located in the west of Datong City, Shanxi Province. Excavation along the mountain, east-west strike 1 km. There are 53 main caves with more than 56,5438+0,000 statues, which is one of the caves in China. Construction started in the first year of Heping in the Northern Wei Dynasty (460), and most of it was completed before the capital moved to Luoyang in the eighteenth year of Taihe (494). The highest Buddha statue is 17 meters, and the smallest is only a few centimeters. Stone carvings are famous for their magnificent and colorful contents, and they are lifelike, including Bodhisattva, Lux, Tian Fei, etc., especially the group images of Tian Fei dancing in the caisson of Pingqi, dancing in the air with elegant posture. Its carving skills inherited and developed the artistic tradition of Qin and Han Dynasties, absorbed and integrated the foreign artistic essence, and occupied an important position in the art history of China. 200 1 was listed in the world cultural heritage list.

Capital and Mausoleum of Ancient Koguryo Kingdom

With a history of more than 2,000 years, China Koguryo King City, Tomb and Noble Tomb are mainly distributed in Ji 'an City, Jilin Province and Huanren County, Liaoning Province. In 2004, the projects listed in the World Heritage List included Wunvshan City, China City, Marubu Mountain City, 12 tomb, 26 noble tombs, the monument to the King of Thailand and the tomb buried with General Cemetery 1. Koguryo tombs include 63 tombs, most of which have a history of more than 2,300 years. Some of them have preserved vivid murals.

Macao Historic District "Macao Historic District" takes the old city of Macao as the center and connects more than 20 historic buildings through adjacent squares and streets. As the only project declared by China as a world cultural heritage in 2005, "Macau Historic District" was approved to be included in the World Heritage List at the 29th World Heritage Conference. The historical city limits from Wangyang Mountain in the east, Neigang Wharf in Xinma Road in the west, Mage Mountain in the south and Baige Bird's Nest Park in the north. It is the oldest, largest, most complete and concentrated historical city in China, and it is the crystallization of cultural exchanges and pluralistic existence between China and the West for more than 400 years.

Yin Ruins in Anyang, China, also known as Yin Ruins, covers an area of about 24 square kilometers and is located in Xiaotun Village, northwest of Anyang City, Henan Province, with a history of more than 3,300 years. Yin Ruins are world-famous ruins of China's capital in the late Shang Dynasty. It is the earliest ancient capital site in the history of China, which has been recorded by Oracle Bone Inscriptions and confirmed by archaeological excavations. On July 13, 2006, the 30th World Heritage Congress was selected into the World Cultural Heritage List through the Yin Ruins in Anyang, China.

The history of Kaiping Diaolou and Kaiping Diaolou Village can be traced back to the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties. In the 1920s and 1930s, with a large number of overseas Chinese returning to China to buy houses, Kaiping Diaolou had an unprecedented heyday. There were more than 3,000 towers at the peak, and there are 1833 towers that are still well preserved. In June, 2007, 3 1 World Heritage Conference adopted "Kaiping Diaolou and Village" in China and was selected into the World Cultural Heritage List.

China's Dual Heritage of World Culture and Nature (4)

Mount Tai

Located in Taian City, Shandong Province. It was called Dongyue in ancient times, and Daishan and Daizong were one. It stretches for about 200 kilometers. The elevation of Yuhuangding, the main peak1532m. The mountain peak is abrupt and majestic. From the foot of the mountain to the top of the mountain, there are more than 30 places of interest along the way, including Wang Muchi, Doudou Palace, Stone Valley and Hutian Pavilion. There are Black Dragon Pool, Fanya and Changshou Bridge on the west road. After the intersection of Chinese and Western roads is Zhongtianmen, with natural disasters such as Nantianmen, Bi Xia Temple, Zhan Lu Terrace and Riguanfeng 18. Climbing the sunrise peak is even more picturesque. 1987 is listed in the World Natural and Cultural Heritage List.

Huangshan Mountain in Huangshan Mountain

Located in Huangshan City, Anhui Province. It was called Zhishan in ancient times, and changed to Huangshan in the Tang Dynasty. Made of granite. It is about 40 kilometers long from north to south and 30 kilometers wide from east to west. There are three main peaks; Lotus Peak (1873m), Guangmingding (184 1m) and Tiandufeng (18 10m). Beautiful scenery, famous for its strange pines, strange rocks, sea of clouds and hot springs, and known as the "four wonders of Huangshan Mountain". Seventy-two peaks have their own characteristics. There are Yupinglou, Yungu Temple, Banshan Temple, Ciguang Pavilion, Shi Xinfeng, Tiandufeng, Lotus Peak, Xianren Cave, Baieling and Baizhang Waterfall, which are one of the most famous scenic spots in China. 1990 is listed in the World Natural and Cultural Heritage List.

Emei Mountain-Leshan Giant Buddha Emei Mountain and Leshan Giant Buddha

Mount Emei is located in the southwest of Mount Emei in Sichuan Province, with an altitude of 3099 meters. Known as "Emei is the best in the world". It is said to be the Dojo of Bodhisattva Samantabhadra. During the Tang and Song Dynasties, Buddhism flourished day by day. Van Gogh Palace is all over the mountains, with more than 100 shrines and 40 caves, as well as Wannian Temple, Guobao Temple, Hongchunping (Thousand Buddha Temple), Xixiangchi Scenic Area, Jinding Huazang Temple and other places of interest. Leshan Giant Buddha is located in Linjiang Cliff of Qilianfeng, Lingyun Mountain, southeast of Leshan City, Sichuan Province. It was completed in the first year of Kaiyuan in the Tang Dynasty (AD 7 13) to the nineteenth year of Zhenyuan (803). The head of the giant Buddha is in line with the mountain, and its feet are on the river, with a height of 7 1 m and a shoulder width of 24 meters. Therefore, it is also called Lingyun Giant Buddha, which is the largest stone Buddha statue in the world. 1996 is listed in the world cultural and natural heritage list.

Wuyishan in Wuyishan

Located in the southern suburbs of Wuyishan City, Fujian Province. A low mountain of red sandstone, about 600 meters above sea level. It is a concentrated place of karst landforms. There are thirty-six peaks, ninety-nine rocks, Jiuquxi, Taoyuan Cave, Liuxiangjian, Wolong Lake, Longxiaoyan and other places of interest, as well as the former site of Youyong Wannian Palace (Wuyi Palace), Ziyang Academy (Wuyi Jingshe) and cliff stone carvings in previous dynasties. Wuyishan National Key Nature Reserve is built at the junction of Jianyang, Wuyishan and Guangze, and has been incorporated into the international "Man and Biosphere" nature reserve network. 1999 is listed in the World Natural and Cultural Heritage List.

China's World Natural Heritage (6)

The Convention for the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage defines natural heritage as one of the following: ① From an aesthetic or scientific point of view, it is a natural appearance composed of geological and biological structures or such structural groups with outstanding and universal values; (2) Geological and natural geographical structures with outstanding and universal value from the perspective of science or protection, and clearly defined ecological zones of endangered animal and plant species; ③ From the point of view of science, protection or natural beauty, there are only natural places or clearly defined natural zones with outstanding and universal values.

Natural heritage projects listed in the World Heritage List must meet one or more of the following criteria and be approved: ① they constitute outstanding examples representing important stages in the history of earth evolution; ② It is an outstanding example representing important geological processes, biological evolution processes and the relationship between human beings and the natural environment; ③ Unique, rare or wonderful natural phenomena, landforms or areas with rare natural beauty; (4) Habitats of existing rare and endangered animals and plants.

Jiuzhaigou scenic spot

Located in Nanping County, Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province. It is a large branch ditch in the upper reaches of Baishui River and the south bank of Baishui River. Above 2000 meters above sea level, the forest area accounts for 42%, and there are nine Tibetan villages in the ditch, hence the name Jiuzhaigou. Originally a forest area, among the mountains, the natural scenery is extremely beautiful. There are 108 Haizi (lakes), and there are many waterfalls between lakes, such as Shuzheng Waterfall and Nuorilang Waterfall, which are magnificent. There are pandas, golden monkeys, pronghorn and other precious animals here. It is a nature reserve for giant pandas and golden monkeys. 1992 is listed in the World Natural Heritage List.

huanglong scenic and historic interest area

Located in Songpan County, Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province. Covering an area of 700 square kilometers, it meanders like a golden dragon and is famous for colorful ponds, snow-capped mountains, forests, canyons and waterfalls. The main landscape is concentrated in Huanglong ditch, which is about 3.6 kilometers long and is covered with calcium carbonate deposits. They are arranged in terraced fields and are famous for their rich animal and plant resources, enjoying the reputation of "the wonders of the world" and "the jade pond on earth". 1992 is listed in the World Natural Heritage List.

Wulingyuan scenic spot

Located in the west of Hunan Province. It consists of Zhangjiajie National Forest Park, Suoxiyu and Tianzishan Nature Reserve. Covering an area of 360 square kilometers, the highest peak is 1264.5 meters above sea level. With its unique seasonal sandstone peak forest and karst landform, it has formed a rare natural scenery. There are 560 scenic spots, including Jinbianyan, Huangshizhai, Huanglongquan, Yuanyang Waterfall, Ganxigou, Yuanjiajie and Xianqiao. There are South China tigers, macaques, storks, giant salamanders (giant salamanders), Davidia involucrata, ginkgo biloba, Solo Yaoshan and other rare animals and plants in the scenic area. 1992 is listed in the World Natural Heritage List.

Yunnan Sanjiang Parallel Nature Reserve

"Three Parallel Rivers" means that the Jinsha River, Lancang River and Nujiang River, which originated from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, run in parallel from north to south in Yunnan Province 170 kilometers, passing through mountains such as Dailika Mountain, Gaoligong Mountain, Daughter Mountain and Yunling Mountain, forming a rare natural geographical landscape in the world. In the meantime, the shortest straight-line distance between Lancang River and Jinsha River is 66 kilometers, and the shortest straight-line distance between Lancang River and Nujiang River is less than 19 kilometers.

China's giant panda habitat is in Sichuan.

The world natural heritage of Sichuan giant panda habitat includes Wolong, Siguniang Mountain and Jin Jia Mountain, covering an area of 9,245 square kilometers, covering Chengdu, Aba, Ya 'an and Ganzi 12 counties. More than 30% of the world's wild giant pandas live here, which is the largest and most complete giant panda habitat in the world and one of the regions with the richest plant species except the tropical rain forest. It was selected as one of the 25 biodiversity hotspots in the world by Nature Conservation International and one of the 200 ecological zones in the world by global environmental protection organizations. In July 2006, it was listed in the World Heritage List as a world natural heritage.

Karst in southern China.

"South China Karst" consists of sword-shaped, columnar and tower-shaped karst in Shilin, Yunnan, cone-shaped karst (peak forest) in Libo, Guizhou and three-dimensional karst in Wulong, Chongqing. It was formed 5-300 million years ago, with a total area of 1.46 square kilometers. . Many scenic spots in this area are famous at home and abroad. For example, Yunnan Shilin is known as "the first wonder in the world" and "the essence of karst in the world". Libo, Guizhou is a gathering place of Buyi, Shui, Miao and Yao, and was once selected as "the most beautiful place in China" and "the top ten most beautiful forests in China". In June 2007, it was listed in the World Heritage List as a world natural heritage.

Human Landscape-Lushan Scenic Area (1)

The concept of cultural landscape was put forward at the16th session of the UNESCO World Heritage Committee held in Santa Fe, USA in February, and was listed in the World Heritage List. In this way, the world heritage can be divided into: natural heritage, cultural heritage, a mixture of natural heritage and cultural heritage (that is, dual heritage, China's Taishan, Huangshan, Emei Mountain-Leshan Giant Buddha) and cultural landscape. Cultural landscape represents the "works of nature and human beings" expressed in Article 1 of the Convention for the Protection of World Cultural and Natural Heritage. The choice of cultural landscape should be based on its outstanding and universal value, the representativeness of its clearly defined geographical and cultural areas and its ability to reflect the basic and unique cultural factors of these areas. It usually embodies the modern technology of sustainable land use and maintains or enhances the natural value of the landscape. Protecting the existing cultural landscape helps to protect biodiversity. Generally speaking, there are the following types of cultural landscapes:

(1) human intentionally designed and built landscape. Including gardens and parks built for aesthetic reasons, they are often (but not always) associated with religious or other memorial buildings or buildings.

(2) The organically evolved landscape originated from the initial social, economic, administrative and religious needs, and developed into the present form through the connection or adaptation with the surrounding natural environment. It also includes two sub-categories: one is residual (or fossil) landscape, which represents the evolutionary process that has ended in the past, whether it is sudden or gradual. They have outstanding and universal value because their distinctive features are still reflected in the physical objects. Secondly, the sustainable landscape has maintained a positive social role in today's society, and it is still in the process of its own evolution, which also shows the physical evidence of its evolution and development in history.

(3) Relevant cultural landscape. This kind of landscape is listed in the World Heritage List, which is characterized by its connection with natural factors, strong religion, art or culture, rather than cultural material evidence. At present, there are not many cultural landscapes listed in the World Heritage List, and Lushan Scenic Area is the only cultural landscape in China's "World Heritage". In addition, once the historical sites and natural landscapes listed in the World Heritage List are seriously threatened, they can be listed in the List of Endangered World Heritage after investigation and consideration by the World Heritage Committee, pending emergency rescue measures.

Lushan Mountain Scenic Area is the only cultural landscape in China's "World Heritage".

◎ World Heritage Committee evaluation

Lushan Mountain in Jiangxi Province is one of the cradles of Chinese civilization. The concept of Buddhism, Taoism and temples here, representing the Bailudong Academy of Neo-Confucianism, has integrated the beauty of nature with outstanding value in its unique way, forming a cultural landscape with high aesthetic value and closely linked with the spiritual and cultural life of the Chinese nation.

◎ Overview

Lushan Mountain is located in the south of Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province in central China, bordering the Yangtze River in the north and Poyang Lake in the east. The total area of the mountain is 302 square kilometers, which is long from north to south and narrow from east to west. There are more than 90 peaks in the whole mountain, the highest of which is Dayang Peak, with an altitude of1473.4m.. There are many valleys, caves, waterfalls and streams scattered among the peaks, and the terrain is complex and diverse.

Lushan Mountain is famous for its "strangeness, beauty, danger and heroism" and is known as "the first in the world in Kuanglu". Now there are 12 scenic spots, 37 scenic spots and 230 scenic spots. Lushan Mountain has long had the legend of "immortal residence". The vast rivers and lakes filled with water vapor make Lushan Mountain cool in summer, full of rain and filled with clouds. The average annual foggy days in Lushan Mountain are as many as 19 1 day, and the diffuse clouds add many fascinating and mysterious colors to Lushan Mountain.

Lushan Mountain is a famous mountain integrating scenery, culture, religion, education and politics. This is the cradle of China's landscape poems. Throughout the ages, countless literati have visited Lushan Mountain, leaving more than 4,000 poems and songs for it. Hui Yuan (AD 334-416), a monk in the Jin Dynasty, founded the Tolin Temple in the mountains, which created the "Pure Land Sect" in Buddhism and made Lushan an important religious resort in the feudal era of China. Bailudong Academy, which has been preserved to this day, is the central institution of ancient education and neo-Confucianism in China. Lushan Mountain also brings together architectural masterpieces of different styles, including Romanesque and Gothic churches, Byzantine architecture, Japanese architecture and Islamic mosque, which are the essence of Lushan Mountain Scenic Area. Lushan Mountain not only has "the best in the world" natural scenery, but also has rich and splendid cultural connotations.

Lushan Mountain is located at the junction of Jiangnan platform anticline and Lower Yangtze Depression. Except Triassic, all strata in the area are exposed systematically, and the structure is obvious, which shows the main process of crustal evolution.

Lushan Mountain has a unique Quaternary glacier relic, which is the birthplace of China's Quaternary glacier theory. At the foot of the mountain, Yanghu Lake left a unique group of sand dunes generated by the ancient monsoon circulation in the last glacial period.

The geological structure of this area is complex and obvious. There are mainly northeast Huaxia structure and northeast Xinhua lower structure. Numerous fault structures have formed numerous peaks. Is Lushan strong in Quaternary?