Where is Liangshan in China?

Liangshan is located in Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture in the southwest of Sichuan Province, China. Southeast branch of Daxueshan Mountain. Daxiangling and Xiaoxiangling Mountains are in the northwest, facing Wulian Peak across Jinsha River in the southeast and sinking into Sichuan Basin in the northeast. The elevation is 2000 ~ 4500m, which is the watershed between Jinsha River and mabian river. With Huangmaoling as the boundary, there are Xiaoliangshan in the east and Daliangshan in the west. Rich forest and mineral resources.

During the Three Kingdoms period, in the third year of Jianxing (AD 225), Zhuge Liang, the prime minister of Shu, led an army south, putting down the rebellion in South China in one fell swoop. During this period, a widely circulated story happened. Meng Huo was captured by six prisoners and seven prisoners. According to scholars' research, there is indeed a sentence of "seven vertical and seven captures" in the historical records, but only this and the records are quite rough. Later, The Romance of the Three Kingdoms was described incisively and vividly in more than 40,000 words, with amazing artistic treatment, so that it was well known to women and children. Some Yi people still call Zhuge Liang Mr. Kongming. The Liangshan site of Zhuge Liang's southern expedition has been a legend for many years.

"South China" in Shu and Han Dynasties was called "Southwest" in Han Dynasty, which mainly included Yunnan, western Guizhou and southwest Sichuan. During the Eastern Han Dynasty, there were four counties in South China: Yongchang County (administrative center in Baoshan, Yunnan), Yizhou County (administrative center in Jinning, Yunnan), Zhangyue County (administrative center in Xichang, Sichuan) and Zhangsi County (administrative center in Ping Huang, Guizhou). The jurisdictions of Guangdong and Hong Kong counties are Liangshan Prefecture, Panzhihua City, Pingshan in Yibin District, Lijiang in Yunnan Province and Dayao and Yongren in Chuxiong Prefecture. At that time, Shu failed to fight against Wu, and after Liu Bei's death, rebellions occurred in counties in South China and Central China in the year of Jianxing (223). First, Lv Yong, the most powerful man in Yizhou County, killed Zheng Ang, the satrap sent by Shu, and Zhu Cheng praised him in the distance. The coach of Yuegang County in Gaoding (the leader of ethnic minorities) also killed Jiao Huang, the general of the county, and "told the county king to rebel".

In order to stabilize the rear and seek the Central Plains, in the spring of three years (March 225), Zhuge Liangzi personally led the army south. The soldiers were divided into three ways: Ma Zhong led the East Route Army and drove directly from Chuannan Road to attack Zhu Bao; Li Xie led the route army to attack Yizhou county, and attacked Lv Yong and Meng Huo's lair. Zhuge Liang, on the other hand, was a pro-Western army. As the main force of the Southern Expedition, he set out from Chengdu to Anshang (now Pingshan), together with Yue Juan, the magistrate of Anshang at that time, and then took the water to Yue Juan. It is agreed that the three armies will finally meet in Dianchi Lake, Yizhou County. When Zhuge Liang set out, Ma Su, who had been the prefect of Yue Juan and was familiar with the situation in the city, was sent to dozens of miles away. Finally, he earned his words: "attack the heart for the top, attack the city for the bottom;" Psychological warfare is the best, military warfare is the best. I am willing to serve the hearts of southerners as soon as possible to achieve long-term stability. " Zhuge Liang nodded again and again, and this strategic thought later ran through the southern expedition and has been praised by future generations.

Shortly after the invasion, he led troops from east to west of Yunnan to aid Lv Yong in Gaoding. Because it was too late, he was suspected by Gao Ding and killed by his men, so Meng Huo replaced Lv Yong. Zhuge Liang seized the opportunity and fought bravely. He fought a decisive battle with Gao Ding in Beishui (now Zhaojue), beheaded Gao Ding and recovered Yue County. Then, after crossing Shanghai (Jinsha River) in May, Meng Huo and Meng Huo, who fled back to Yizhou County, fought against Zhuge Liang in the upper reaches of Panjiang River (now Qujing section). After World War I, Zhuge Liang was determined to attack Meng Huo, won the hearts of foreigners and Han people, and made him convinced and sincerely surrendered. Then, Meng Huo led the people to visit the camp and asked, "What about this army?" Meng Huo replied: "I don't know your actual situation, so I lost the battle." Thank you for coming to see the camp today, that's all. Let me go back and fight again, and it is not difficult to defeat you. " Zhuge Liang did let him go. In this way, he was arrested seven times in a row and released six times. For the last time, he was convinced that "the public, the heavenly power and the southerners will no longer rebel." The whole expedition, from the beginning of sending troops, will last for half a year at most. After the stability of South China, Meng Huo was promoted to be a member of the Central Committee of Shu and Han, and was an imperial envoy, responsible for supervising court officials, with great power.

Zhuge Liang commanded the marked army, and the specific activities in Liangshan before "crossing Lugu River in May" were unclear. Therefore, although there are many legends about Zhuge Liang's expedition to Liangshan ruins in the south, there is little basis. Nevertheless, we can still appreciate the situation of ancient expeditions and understand the reverence for Zhuge Liang in later generations.

Liangshan has four Zhuge cities, three Kongming fortresses and six Menghuo cities. Zhuge City, Xichang City, located on Sanli Ancient Post Road in Xichang City, was originally named Bengkan, and later called Jiujingan and Jiujingxiang. The Anning River on the bank of the city still has relics. According to Yuan, He and Sichuan Tongzhi, this is the largest earthen city built by Zhuge Liang in Yuejun County, with a circumference of nearly 3 miles. Zhuge City in Yuexi, also known as Nunuo City, is located in the north of Yuexi City 17 according to Sichuan Tongzhi, which is the first city built by Zhuge Liang in Yuexi. Zhuge Chengmian Ning. * * * Two places. According to local records, one is located 3 miles south of Mianning County or 80 miles southeast of Mianning County, which is the second city built by Zhuge Liang. According to records, there is no trace between the lake valley and the overflow bay today. Another Wuli Mountain, located in the south of Mianning, was abandoned long ago. There are two places in Kongmingzhai Huili, one is located 80 miles northeast of Huili, which was established by Zhuge Liang during his southern expedition, and its name still exists today. It is recorded in the records of Huili government. Its land is a small canyon, Baiguowan River and Post Road (now Sichuan-Yunnan Highway) pass through the valley bottom, and the situation is dangerous. In addition, there is a Kongming Village (also known as Zhuge Village) and a tent ditch on the hill opposite Zhou Jiacun in the south of Huili 10, which still existed in the Qing Dynasty. Kongmingbao, located on a hill between the two rivers in the south of Mahu Township, Leibo County, is said to be the base camp of Zhuge Liang's southern expedition, also known as Zhongshan Fort. According to the Records of the Three Kingdoms, Zhuge Liang "wants to gather all the soldiers and discuss them", that is, waiting for Gao Ding's troops to gather at low tide and annihilate them together. Six Menghuo cities, namely, "Du Shinan Erli" and "Tong Mingzhi" in Xichang; Maanshan, 30 miles east of Mianning County; On the mountain opposite to Tuowu Bodhisattva Mountain in Mianning, it is said that water fences and other relics can be seen today. North of Shimei County; Yanyuan hits the west bank of the river; Huili Yundian Township, or Basonggou and Tianbaoshan. Except one in the south of Xichang, the rest were actually built by Ding, and Meng Huo has never been to these places.

The ancient road to the south, that is, Zhuge Liang's road to Mahu Lake in Yuejun County, is on the Jinsha River in the northeast of Mahu Lake in Leibo County. This is the only passage from Yibin to Liangshan in the past, about 30 kilometers long. There are still many residues. The road twists and turns on the precipice, and some are cut from the gaps on both sides. The next one faces the turbulent river, like a plank road, steep and narrow. There are many legends about the southern expedition in Leibo area, which are also recorded in some local chronicles. It is widely circulated that there is a place called Daomakan in Shawan Village in Zhongtian Township or Shuanglong Bridge in Pukou Township. Zhuge Liang lost his front foot and almost died. Da 'ao, Jushoupo and Tengyan are all places where Zhuge Liang and Meng Huo fought. The wall of the big trough stands thousands of miles, and there is a narrow passage inside, which is where Zhuge Liang burned Meng Huo's rattan armor. In order to remember the big trough war, future generations carved four vigorous Chinese characters "Dragon and Tiger, Xiongguan" on the cliff. Hulu Mountain is Yi's hometown and home base. Lily Valley is the thatched cottage where Meng Huo's younger brother Meng You lives. "Kongming divining the Stone" is the place where Zhuge Liang divined good or bad luck when he captured Meng Huo.

Dumb spring, holy spring. The Romance of the Three Kingdoms describes that the Shu army lost its voice after drinking, hence the name dumb spring. There are two places, one in Wuli, Lugu East, Mianning. According to "Ningyuan County Records", there was a monument beside the spring, engraved with the words "The dumb spring here is not drinkable". Secondly, in Leibo, Sichuan Tongzhi said: "There is a hole in Xiaoliangshan for fifteen miles, and people have lost their voices." It is impossible to find them now. The sacred spring "Yue Ting Lu" contained in Yun Song Temple in Henan Station. Shu army lost its voice after drinking dumb spring water, and Meng Huo's brother Yi Jie guided the army to solve this problem with spring water.

In May, Bolu visited three places: East, Middle and West. Du Dong is in the south of Ningxia. This is an ancient ferry, which used to be full of boils. It is the quickest way to go to Yizhou County to treat Dianchi County (now Jinning County East of Yunnan Province). Zhongdu, in Tongan Town of Huili today, is the Jiaoping Ferry where the Red Army skillfully crossed the Jinsha River. This is the main ferry between Yuejun and Yizhou County. Xi Du, which straddles Longjie Street in the southwest of Huili today, is the only way between Huili and Dayao in Shu and Han Dynasties.