Data collection of candied fruit

Candied fruit is also called preserved fruit, and it was called honey frying in ancient times. China folk molasses fruit food. It is spread all over the country with a long history. A food made from fruits and vegetables such as peach, apricot, plum, jujube, wax gourd and ginger is pickled with sugar or honey. Candied fruit can be eaten directly as snacks or snacks, and can also be used as decorations on cakes, biscuits and other snacks.

In the Tang Dynasty, the fruits presented to the imperial court were preserved by soaking in honey. In the Song Dynasty, the production was fine and varied, from honey pickling to dual-purpose sucrose drying. After fruit selection, elutriation, soaking, boiling and other processes, the color and taste are good.

Basic introduction Chinese name: candied fruit mbth: sweetmeat Main raw materials: honey kumquat and osmanthus contain preservatives: whether it is suitable for the crowd: introduction of popular candied fruit, development history, variety classification, characteristics, local flavor, main brands, main producing areas, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai, production technology, quality problems, problem exposure and national standards. Note: The candied fruit "Jimi à n" was originally made of fruits and vegetables and pickled with sugar or honey. Now it has evolved into a traditional food name. According to legend, candied fruit was invented by Guanglu Temple in the Ming Dynasty. The original meaning of "candied fruit" is a big concept, which is made from fruits and vegetables and pickled with sugar or honey. Beijing, Taiwan Province Province, Chaoshan and Zhaoqing are the main producing areas of candied fruit. The development of historical candied fruit is a traditional food with national characteristics, which has a history of more than 2000 years. The book "The Spring and Autumn Annals of Wu Yue" written by Zhao Hua, a native of the Eastern Han Dynasty, said: "The more you want to repay Wu Zengfeng with fragrant pills (wood squares)." Record. This is an earlier written record of candied fruit in China. During the Tang and Song Dynasties, due to the development of agricultural production, especially the development of fruit, beekeeping and sugar industry, the processing of candied fruit has made great progress, forming a whole set of processing techniques of "frying, brewing, exposing and preserving", thus greatly increasing the products and varieties of candied fruit and becoming a "honey-fried" food independent of the food forest. It is known that "honey frying" means that people put fresh fruits into honey to concentrate, so as to remove a lot of water from the fruits and enhance the flavor, hence the name. During the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, the processing technology and varieties of candied fruit were further developed, and its processing technology was becoming more and more perfect and mature, which was not only famous in China, but also in the world. At the 19 15 Panama World Expo, the candied fruit produced in China won the gold medal and was highly appraised. At this time, the processing technology level of candied fruit can be said to have risen to the highest point in ancient times, and it was renamed "candied fruit". After the founding of New China, the candied fruit industry developed very rapidly, and some large-scale factories with strong production capacity were formed, which greatly improved the production capacity and made the candied fruit industry enter a prosperous period. Varieties of candied fruit are classified according to the characteristics of the product: candied fruit is boiled with sugar, and its finished product is generally soaked in concentrated sugar solution, with delicate pulp and delicious taste. For example, candied red fruit, candied begonia, candied green plum, sweet osmanthus and sugar rose all belong to this category. Sugar-stained products are slightly sugary on the surface, crisp and fresh in color, sweet and refreshing, full of original fruit flavor, and good in color, fragrance, taste and shape. Their representative products are mainly plum series products, as well as candied bergamot, honey kumquat and fig sand-returning products, with dry surface, slightly frosted, bright color, unique shape, crisp entrance and sweet taste, representing jujube series products, as well as sugar orange cake, kumquat and Soviet-style preserved plum, nine-branch dried tangerine peel, sugar bayberry and sugar cherry. After the raw materials are boiled with sugar, the surface of the finished product is dry and white with sugar coating, such as candied wax gourd strips, golden dates and kumquat cakes. After the preserved fruit is boiled with sugar stains, a layer of powdered sugar is hung on the surface of the fruit blank, which makes the product opaque, crisp in texture and high in sugar content. For example, all kinds of melon sticks, sugar orange cakes, sugar lotus root slices, sugar ginger slices, sugar kumquat, sugar lotus seeds, sugar water chestnut and green silk all belong to this category. Candied fruit is boiled in sugar and dried. Their colors are brown, golden yellow or amber, bright and transparent, and their surfaces are dry. They are slightly sticky dry products. For example, preserved apples, pears, peaches, sand fruits, jujube fruits, fragrant fruits, plums, hawthorn fruits and begonia fruits all belong to this category. After the raw material of candied apple is sugar, the surface of the finished product is not sticky and dry after drying, which has a transparent feeling and precipitates sugar-free cream, such as preserved apricots, pineapples (slices, blocks and cores), ginger candy slices and papaya (strips and grains). Preserved fruit is a licorice product with various fresh fruits (blanks) as the main raw materials. Their external shapes generally remain atomic entities and their surfaces are dry. Some varieties are frosted, sweet and sour and slightly salty, with original fruit flavor. Such as green plum, Pei-Mui Chan, rock sugar bayberry, etc. All belong to this category, and there are many varieties. Sweeteners, spices, etc. When added to raw materials in the process of sugar pickling or boiling, the finished products have dry surface and rich fragrance, such as clove, Li Xuehua, Ruth, Bazhen plum, plum-flavored kumquat and so on. The raw material of oral culture is dried fruit, which is pickled, added with food additives, with or without sugar, and with or without licorice. Products are sweet, sour and salty, such as preserved plum, preserved apricot, dried tangerine peel, spiced hawthorn slices, licorice olives and licorice kumquat. Candied pills take fruits and vegetables as the main raw materials, which are boiled in sugar, soaked or salted, dried and ground, and then made into various dried products. For example, Bai Cao Dan, Chen Pi Dan, Lemon Dan, Bing Mei Dan, Sour Plum Dan, Peel Dan, Hawthorn Dan and Bergamot Dan all belong to this category. The fruit cake is processed into paste, concentrated and dried, and the finished product is strip-shaped, such as sour horn cake, passion fruit cake, hawthorn cake, hawthorn strip, peony bark, appetizing kumquat and so on. The raw material of licorice products is fruit blank, with sugar, licorice and other food additives. Soaked and dried, the finished product has three flavors, such as preserved plum, licorice olive, dried tangerine peel and preserved plum. According to local flavor, candied fruit can be divided into three groups: North, South and East. The North group is represented by Beijing candied fruit, and the East group is represented by South candied fruit and Hangzhou sugar color. Carved candied fruit carving techniques are distributed in the southwest of Hunan Province, the south of Huaihua City, and the area of Quyang Town, Jingzhou Miao and Dong Autonomous County at the junction of Hunan, Guizhou and Guangxi provinces. Carved candied fruit is a unique national food, a beautiful and unique handicraft, rich in national culture, and a folk art treasure that perfectly combines food culture and national culture. It originated at the end of the Five Dynasties and was handed down from generation to generation, becoming a royal product of Jingzhou folk in previous dynasties. Carved candied fruit has formed a unique and complete process in material selection, carving and processing. Mainly using immature green-skinned grapefruit as raw material, the grapefruit is cut into circular or fan-shaped slices, and then the imagination is expanded on the grapefruit slices, and vivid and realistic patterns such as exotic flowers, birds and animals, dragons, phoenixes, fish and shrimps, figure vessels, auspicious calligraphy and painting are carved through creativity. Then it is refined through several processes such as rinsing with clear water, boiling in a copper pot, pickling with sucrose, drying in the sun, etc. Its composition is full, its shape is vivid, its craft is peculiar and its patterns are various. It tastes very pleasing and refreshing. Carved candied fruit has been circulated for more than 1000 years. It is a product of civil society, a portrayal of people's lives, and a unique expression of national cultural psychology and cultural accumulation in different times. It has the unique artistic form and rich cultural connotation of Miao and Dong, which reflects the historical and cultural tradition, aesthetic pursuit and unique national spirit of the emerging Dong people from the connotation to the external performance, and achieves the artistic effect of appealing to both refined and popular tastes. It fully demonstrates the creativity and handicrafts of the Miao and Dong people, and has positive witness significance to the formation and development of the Chinese nation's multiculturalism. Beijing-style candied fruit, also known as Beijing candied fruit, originated in Beijing, among which preserved apples, golden dates and golden cakes are the most famous. Beijing-style candied fruit is characterized by transparent fruiting body and dry surface. The ingredients are simple, but the dosage is large. The entrance is soft and sweet. Hangzhou dishes candied fruit used to be called sugar color, which can be divided into two categories according to the technology: sugar making and honey soaking. There are dozens of flavors such as candied green plum, candied loquat, preserved plum, kumquat and preserved apricot. And Huichang's century-old "candied green plum in syrup" is known as the first in Jiangnan, with sweet taste and meaningful aftertaste. Cantonese preserves originated in Guangzhou and Chaozhou, among which olives, sugar plums, sugar orange cakes, buttered prunes and Jia Yingzi are famous. Its characteristics are: dry noodles, sweet or sour. Su-style preserves originated in Suzhou, including preserves produced in Suzhou, Shanghai, Wuxi and other places. Among them, white sugar bayberry is the most famous. The characteristics of Soviet-style candied fruit are: there are many kinds of ingredients, mainly sweet and sour, salty and sweet, with endless aftertaste. Mainly sand-returning products, all over Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shanghai and Anhui. It is famous for its exquisite selection of materials, fine production, unique shape, bright color and elegant flavor. Fujian-style candied fruit originated from Quanzhou and Zhangzhou in Fujian. Among them, Dafu Fruit, Jia Yingzi and Shi Xiangguo are the most famous. Min-style candied fruit is characterized by many kinds of ingredients, large dosage, sweet taste and rich aftertaste. The main brands of Chinese mainland candied fruit are: Hunan specialty Jiudao Pill, Anhui Zhongshangpin, Hui Ke, North Tianwo, Zhongyuan Lady Yao, and Haojia; There are (Zhaoqing) Fu Sen Garden, (Hangzhou) Centennial Huichang, (Hangzhou) Hua Weiheng, (Shantou) Bai Ying, (Shantou) Meifeng Garden, (Shantou) Xiang Ying, (Chaozhou) Jiabao, (Taicang) Mei Jia, (Puning) Ye Yuan Plaza, (Guangzhou) exotic customs and (Chaozhou) Ji. Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, the main producing area, is located on the shore of Taihu Lake and enjoys the reputation of "the hometown of candied fruit in China". There are more than 40 kinds of fruits such as plum, apricot, loquat, bayberry, peach, kumquat and tangerine, which provide rich raw materials for making candied fruit. Therefore, Suzhou is one of the earliest areas in China to produce candied fruit. Candied fruit existed as early as the Three Kingdoms period, and the development of Tang sugar industry promoted the processing of candied fruit, which made Suzhou candied fruit form a gang. In the Ming Dynasty, with the development of Suzhou painting, calligraphy, sculpture and other arts, plum carvings and other treasures appeared in Soviet-style candied fruit. During the Tongzhi period of the Qing Dynasty, there were many kinds of Soviet-style candied fruit, which was very popular and sold well in Jiangnan market towns. Before the founding of the People's Republic of China, there were more than 10 workshops in Suzhou, among which "Zhang Xiangfeng" was the most famous, with branches in Shanghai, Tianjin, Jiaxing and other places, showing its large scale and prosperous production. Su-style candied fruit, sweet, sour, salty, soft and delicious, has always been listed as "court food". As far as varieties are concerned, there are more than 60 varieties/kloc-0, such as green plum, white sugar lotus plum and sweet jujube. Among them, approximate candied dates, buttered plum, approximate kumquat, white sugar bayberry and nine dried tangerines are the most famous. Among them, golden jujube is a traditional product in Soviet-style candied fruit, which is made of Dongting Dongshan Baipu jujube. It is rich in fruit fragrance, amber in color, sweet and waxy in meat and crisp in mouth, and enjoys a high reputation in domestic and foreign markets. 1984, the "honey" brand golden jujube produced by Suzhou candied fruit factory won the national silver award for quality food. Processing preserves with fresh plums is also very distinctive in Suzhou. Sugar-stained plums are similar to fresh plums, with green color, crisp and tender meat, sweet and delicious. Su-style plum has a sweet and sour flavor, one grain in the mouth, refreshing taste and a long aftertaste, which is the most popular among tourists. Su orange cake and Kumquat cake made of Dongting orange are rich in orange flavor, sweet and refreshing, and have the functions of appetizing and ventilation. Sugar bergamot, tangerine peel, nine-prepared tangerine peel, white sugar dried bayberry, clear water licorice plum peel, etc. Sweet and delicious, suitable for all ages, deeply loved by everyone. The beautiful sculptures in Neijiang City, Sichuan Province, are rich in sugar cane, sugar and preserved fruit, and enjoy the reputation of "Candy Capital of China" and "Hometown of Preserved China". Neijiang candied paclitaxel is deeply loved by people because of its unique style of "transparent color, full sugar water, nourishing slag, delicious and sweet taste". Neijiang candied fruit was listed as a royal tribute as early as the Tang Dynasty and enjoyed a long-standing reputation. The main varieties are: Money Orange, Honey Pear, Apricot, Longevity Orange, Jujube, Orange, Asparagus, Peach, Apple, Cherry and Wax gourd. The product has various shapes and tastes, and can preserve sugar and juice, moisten dregs, be sweet and delicious, and promote fluid production to quench thirst. The natural resources of Neijiang candied fruit in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province are unique, with abundant water and few fields, suitable fruits everywhere and a long history of fruit tree planting. In the Ming Dynasty, Lu Xu, a native of Hangzhou, brought back the technology of processing candied fruit from other places to his hometown, and gradually formed the handmade candied fruit with Hangzhou characteristics-sugar color, mainly including orange cake, bergamot, kumquat and green plum. During the reign of Emperor Kangxi, Volume II of Seven Miles of Scenery recorded: "Its method began in Shandong." After the mid-Ming Dynasty, Hangzhou candied fruit has become a popular seasonal snack (snack food) in both Beijing and Hangzhou. With the help of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal, it is exported to Suzhou, Shanghai, Nanjing and other places until the capital. Candied fruit has a good reputation, "its products are unspeakable." According to the local chronicles of the early Qing Dynasty, the color of sugar at that time was mainly divided into two categories: sugar making and honey soaking. There are dozens of sugary foods handed down from modern times, such as candied plum, candied loquat, candied plum, kumquat and preserved apricot. And "candied plums" is known as the head of candied fruit, which has been recorded as early as in Famous Gardens, Tao Anmeng and Hangfuzhi. "Centennial Huichang" is the representative of Hangzhou's centuries-old sugar and color firms. Candied fruit produced in the light years of Qing Dynasty has been selected as a tribute, and "Centennial Huichang" became the designated supplier of the Ministry of Internal Affairs during Guangxu period of Qing Dynasty. In 34 years of the Republic of China, it has developed into a large firm with a capital of 65,438+08,000 silver dollars, nearly 100 employees and four workshops of candied fruit, tea and lotus root starch. Products are exported to all provinces, and the brand enjoys a good reputation in China. In order to effectively inherit the precious traditional skills, with the strong support of * * * at all levels, "Hundred Years Huichang", a time-honored brand in Zhejiang, restored the traditional sugar-colored production by visiting old artists and collecting old recipes, preserved and inherited this folk handicraft skill with strong local characteristics, and declared the intangible cultural heritage list. Production technology The production technology combines the characteristics of south and north candied fruits: fresh fruits and vegetables → sorting and grading → shape treatment → pickling and drying → hardening treatment → rinsing → blanching → sugar pickling → sugar boiling → cooling Cantonese candied fruits: originated in Guangzhou, Shantou and Chaozhou, mainly with licorice-flavored products and sugar-coated products, with a production history of over 1000 years. The surface of preserved fruit products is semi-dry or dry, dry and fragrant, sweet and sour, salty and sweet, with a long aftertaste. Its representative products are Pei-Mui Chan, sour plum and licorice carambola. Sugar-coated candied fruit is pure in texture, with a layer of white sugar coating on the surface, which seems to be wrapped in a layer of sugar, also called "sugar-coated candied fruit". Its product has dry surface and frosting, sweet and waxy taste, rich original fruit flavor, diverse colors and unique flavor. Its representative products are candied winter melon, candied lotus root slices, candied water chestnut, candied orange cake and so on. Production technology: salted licorice, sucrose, sweetener, preservative, colorant, essence → fresh fruit → embryo → rinsing and desalting → air drying → cooking with ingredient liquid → pickling with ingredient liquid → air drying → packaging → finished product Fujian-style candied fruit: it is native to Xiamen, Fuzhou, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou and other places in Fujian, and is rich in olives and made into candied fruit. The candied fruit with Fujian flavor has dry or semi-dry surface, low sugar content, slight luster, delicate and dense meat, outstanding added flavor and refreshing aftertaste. Its representative varieties are Dafu Fruit, Huajiejiayingzi, Caryophyllum odoratum, Liangyou Olive, Myrica rubra, Jinqingguo, Lilac Olive and Peel Olive. Quality problems The main problems of candied fruit: Because candied fruit can't be industrialized by traditional processes such as cooling and drying, the quality and safety of candied fruit has always been the main obstacle for the industry to become bigger and stronger, mainly manifested in the excessive use of food additives and sweeteners and the substandard drying environment. However, with the gradual improvement of industry standards and the implementation of quality and safety certification, more and more enterprises have realized that only high-quality products and products have a market. The General Rules for Preserved Fruits adopted in 2008 provided a more detailed standard basis for enterprises and laid a foundation for the modern production of preserved fruits. The problem is exposed. On April 24th, 20 12, CCTV's financial channel "Consumer Proposition" broadcast an unannounced visit program, claiming that some preserved fruits in China used a lot of additives in the production process and the production environment was bad. The program shows that most of the candied fruit is preserved. The preserved place is a cement pool on the roadside, and even a large cement pool on the roadside is soaked with about 50,000 kilograms of peach meat. The garbage beside these cement pools is everywhere, very dirty, and the plastic film is not covered. Many peaches rot and deteriorate, and there are many white woven bags printed with sodium metabisulfite beside the cement pool. The processor said, "Sodium metabisulfite must be used in the pickling process to bleach and prevent corrosion." According to the Hygienic Standard for the Use of Food Additives, the maximum limit of carmine in candied fruit is 0.05g/kg, which exceeds that of American cherries, and the content of carmine is 0. 17g/kg. The maximum consumption of amaranth and brilliant blue in candied fruit was 0.05g/kg and 0.0255g/kg, respectively, which exceeded that of blackcurrant, amaranth and brilliant blue, which were 0. 145g/kg and 0.0855g/kg, respectively. Sodium metabisulfite is a white powdery substance with good anti-corrosion and anti-oxidation effects. According to national standards, sodium metabisulfite can be added as bleaching agent in candied fruit production, and the maximum dosage is controlled at 0.05g/kg based on sulfur dioxide residue, but illegal factories add it according to the region. Officials said that the AQSIQ demanded that illegal manufacturers be severely punished. General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of China held a video dispatching meeting on April 25th, 20th/KLOC-0th/2nd. In view of the illegal production behavior of some candied fruit production enterprises in Zhejiang, Shandong, Shanghai and other places in China, we specially listened to the reports of the quality supervision departments in these areas on the preliminary investigation and punishment of illegal production problems of some candied fruit production enterprises, and instructed the quality supervision departments to further severely investigate and rectify the problems existing in the problem enterprises and supervision work. At the same time, the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine requires local quality supervision departments to go deep into the scene of candied fruit production and processing enterprises and seriously deal with the problems found. For areas where candied fruit production and processing are concentrated, special regional rectification will be carried out, and areas with outstanding problems will be listed for rectification. We must severely crack down on illegal and criminal acts in the field of food production in accordance with the law and never be soft. Matters needing attention in comprehensive report of Health Satellite TV: Processed products such as preserved fruit and canned fruit are often regarded as fruit substitutes by some people. In fact, this idea is wrong, especially the candied fruit is loved by many children because of its sweet taste. However, I would also like to remind you that the vitamin C contained in candied fruit is basically completely destroyed in the production process, and the purity of white sugar used in processing can reach over 99.9%. Some candied products also contain a lot of preservatives and additives, which are also potentially harmful to the body if eaten for a long time. Therefore, we must not take candied fruit instead of fruit in our daily life.