What does Ganxi shame mean?

Zhong Ni said: "The ancients also had aspirations:' Self-denial and courtesy are also good.' Believe in kindness! If King Chu Ling can do this, how can he be humiliated in Ganxi? Commentary: Confucius said: "It is recorded in ancient times:' Restrain yourself and return to etiquette, which is benevolence.' That's great! If King Chu Ling can do this, will he be humiliated in Ganxi? The title of the poem is "Zige vs Spirit King". Real name: Zuo Qiuming. Time: Pre-Qin. Birthplace: Junzhuang, Ludu City (now Feicheng, Shandong Province). His main works include: Debate on Cao Gui, Candle Farewell to Qin, Zheng Boke's trip to Yan/many wrongdoings will lead to his own death, Zhou Zheng's oath, Zhou Xu, etc. Main achievements: He wrote the chronological history book Zuo Zhuan and the first national history book Guoyu in China. Faith: Confucianism.

We will introduce you in detail "How dare you insult Ganxi" from the following aspects:

1. Click here to view the full text of Zige to Wang Ling and learn more about Zige to Wang Ling.

Zichu was built in Zhangzhou, second only to Wei Ying.

Make the party princes, Sima, Tao, Ling Yinxi and other marshals surround Xu to fear Wu. Zi Chu is second only to western Jiangxi,

I thought it would help. Rain and snow,

Wang biguan, Qin,

Tribe, leopard,

With a whip, the servant will analyze the father.

Xi, Wang Jianzhi Right Yin Zige.

Remove the crown and give up the whip,

He said to him, "In the past, my predecessors, Xiong Yi and Lu _, Wang Xie's father and Bird's father,

And Kang Wang, the four countries are divided,

I am unique. Today, I put people in the week,

Ask ding for points, with me?

"Yes, with the king!

My late king Xiong Yi was founded in Jingshan.

The road is blue and the grass is rough.

Travel across mountains and rivers to serve the son of heaven,

It's just a peach arc stabbing an arrow, and it's a royal affair with * * *.

Qi, Wang Hao also;

Jin and Lu, Wei and Ye.

Chu has nothing, but he has everything.

This week, I will serve the kings of the four countries, and I will be obedient.

Does it love tripods? "Wang Yue:

"Yesterday, my grandpa's uncle Kunwu, Lao Xu is a house.

Now it is their fields that Zheng people are greedy, not me.

What does it have to do with me if I want it?

"Yes, with the king!

Zhou doesn't love Ding, but Zheng dares to love Tian?

"The king of Qi said," Before governors were far away from me, and they were all afraid of gold.

Today, in my big city, Chen, Cai and Bu Tang have all received thousands of blessings.

It's hard for my son. Are princes afraid of me?

"yes:" fear of the king!

As a Shikoku, he is full of fear.

Plus Chu, are you afraid of the king of Chu?

Gong Yinlu asked, "Does the king think that _ _,

Dare to plead. "The king went in.

Analyze the father's call to Zige: "My son,

The hope of Chu is also! Today, as loud as Rebecca,

What about the country? "Zi leather yue:

"Be diligent, King Chu,

My blade will be cut. "King,

The complex language is left-handed.

Wang said, "This is a good history,

My son is good at this. I can read three graves, five classics and eight categories, jiusan.

"Yes," I asked.

In the past, King Mu wanted to indulge his heart and travel around the world.

There will always be ruts. As a poem of "Zhao Qi",

To stop the king's heart, he wouldn't be in the palace.

I asked him about his poems without knowing it; If you ask far,

How did you know? "Wang Yue:

"Can you do that?" Right:

"yes. Its "poem" writes:

Zhao Qi _ _, type Zhao Deyin.

Think of me, Wang Du, as jade,

Style is like gold. Shaping the power of the people,

Not drunk. "Wang Yi came in,

Can't eat, can't sleep,

A few days. You cann't outsmart yourself,

And there are many difficulties. Zhong Ni said:

"The ancients also had aspirations:' Self-denial,

Ren ya. Believe in kindness!

If King Chu Ling can do this, how can he be humiliated in Ganxi?

Second, translation.

Zi Chu's founding ceremony was held in Zhangzhou, second only to it, and marshals such as Danghou, Sima Du, Tao and Ling Yinxi surrounded Xu to fear Wu. Zi Chu is second only to western Jiangxi.

King Chu Ling went hunting in Zhou and was stationed in. So he ordered the party princes, Sima Du, Tao and Ling Yin to lead troops around Xu to control Wu. The king of Chu was stationed in Ganxi as their backup.

Rain and snow, Wang Pi Crown, Qin, Cui Bei, Leopard and Whip came out, and the servant Li Zicheng's father surrendered. Xi, Wang Jianzhi Right Yin Zige. He took off his crown quilt and gave him the whip. He said to him, "In the past, my predecessors Xiong Yi, Lu _, Wang, Xie's father and Bird's father were all in charge in Kang Wang. The four countries all had their share, and I had nothing. Today, I sent someone to find Zhou and ask Ding for points. Is Wang Qi with me? "

When it snowed, the king of Chu came out wearing a fur hat, Qin Yu clothes, a shawl with kingfisher feathers, leopard shoes and a whip. The servant analyzed his father and followed. Zige went to see him in the evening. When the king of Chu saw him, he took off his hat, cloak and whip and talked with him. Liu Bei said, "My predecessors Xiong Yi, Qi Wang Lu, Wang Wei, Jin Xie Wang, and Lu Wang all worked for us. All four countries have their own treasures, but China doesn't. Now I'm going to send someone to Zhou's room to ask Jiuding to be given to China as a treasure. Will Zhou Wang give it to me? "

He said, "with the king! Xiong Yi, my former king, was founded in Jingshan Mountain, with a blue road. He was in a bumpy land, wading through mountains and rivers, and serving the emperor. He only served the king with a peach arc and a thorn arrow. Qi, Wang Hao also; Jin and Lu, Wei and Ye. Chu has nothing, but he has everything. This week, I will serve the king with the four countries and keep my word. Do you love Ding? " The king said, "My grandfather's uncle Kunwu used to be a residence. Now it is their fields that Zheng people are greedy, not me. If I ask it, what is it to me? "

Yu Ge replied, "This will be for the king! Once upon a time, our late king Xiong Yi lived in a remote place in Jingshan, where the firewood was shabby. He trudged among the mountains to serve the son of heaven. Only this mahogany bow and an arrow made of jujube are used to worship royal affairs. Qi Yes's uncle; Jin, Lu and Wei are half-brothers. So, Chu didn't get jewelry, but they all did. Now that Zhou Shi and the above four countries are all working for the king, will they obey and not be stingy? " The king of Chu said, "In the past, our distant ancestor Uncle Kunwu lived in Xu's hometown, but now Zheng people covet the benefits of the fields there and won't give them to us. If we ask them, will they give it to us? "

He said, "with the king! Zhou doesn't love Ding, but Zheng dares to love Tian? " The King of Qi said, "In the past, governors were far away from me and were all afraid of gold. Now I'm from a big city. I don't care about Chen or Cai. I have a thousand gifts, but I have no job. Is the vassal afraid of me? " He said, "Fear of the king! Are the four countries all afraid, and Chu, dare not fear the monarch? "

Zige replied, "It will be given to the king! Zhou Shi will not let Jiuding go. Why does Zheng dare to pity the field? " The king of Chu said: "In the past, the governors thought that our country was remote and afraid of the state of Jin. Now, we are vigorously building four cities: Chen, Cai, Dong and Butang, with a total of 1,000 chariots. Your participation is worthwhile. Will the princes be afraid of us? " Zige replied, "I will be afraid of the king!" These four cities alone are enough to make people fear, plus Chu, how dare you not be afraid of the king! "

Gong Yinlu asked, "Wang Minggui thought _ _, so he dared to plead." Wang walked in. An analysis of my father's call to Zige: "My son, the hope of Chu! Today is as loud as Rebecca. What about the country? " Zi Ge said, "If you sharpen your knife, you will not miss the woodcutter. If the king comes out, my blade will be cut."

At this time, Gong Yinlu asked: "Your Majesty ordered the handle of Guiyu decorative axe to be broken, so I took the liberty to ask your Majesty for instructions." The king of Chu went in to inspect. The servant father said to Ge, "You are a famous person in Chu. Now you talk to the king like an echo. What will happen to the country? " Zige said: "I sharpen the blade of words and wait for the opportunity." When the king comes out, my knife will be cut. "

King Chu of Yu Yu. Zuo Shi leans towards the other side. The king said, "This is a good history, and my son is good at it. I can read three graves, five classics, eight categories and nine hills. " He said to him, "I have tried to ask you questions. In the past, when King Mu wanted to indulge his mind and travel around the world, there would be ruts. At the expense of the public, I asked my father to write a poem "Zhao Qi" to stop the king's heartbeat, so that the king would not be in the palace. I asked him about his poems without knowing it; If you ask a distant question, how will you know? "

The king of Chu came out and continued. Zuo walked quickly in front, and the king of Chu said, "This man is a good historian. You should take good care of him. This person can read ancient books such as three graves, five classics, eight categories and nine hills. " Zige replied, "I once asked him, in the past, Zhou Muwang wanted to travel around the world at will, so that the whole world could have his footprints. Sacrificing the public and seeking his father wrote a poem "Prayer" to stop Mu Wang's greed, so Mu Wang could die in _ Palace. I asked him about this poem, but I didn't know it. If he asked about a long time ago, how could he know? "

The king said, "What can I do?" Yes: "yes. His "Poetry" said:' Prayer _ _, and the style is Zhao Deyin. Think of me, Wang Du, as jade as gold. Form the strength of the people, not the drunken heart. " "

The king of Chu said, "May I?" Zige replied, "Yes. The poem says:' The music of prayer is harmonious and shows the voice of virtue. Think about our king's temperament, like jade, like gold. Save the strength of the people, there is no greed like drunkenness. "

Wang Yi went in, but he couldn't eat or sleep for several days. Can't be self-defeating, and difficult.

The king of Chu bowed in. For several days, he didn't eat or drink and lay awake, but he couldn't help it, which led to disaster.

Zhong Ni said: "The ancients also had aspirations:' Self-denial and courtesy are also good.' Believe in kindness! If King Chu Ling can do this, how can he be humiliated in Ganxi? "

Confucius said, "It was recorded in ancient times:' Restrain yourself and return to etiquette. This is benevolence.' That's great! If King Chu Ling can do this, will he be humiliated in Ganxi? "

Third, Zuo Qiuming's other poems

Controversy, Uncle Jian cried for the teacher, the candle was defeated by Teacher Qin, and Zheng Boke was sworn to death in Yan/Duoxing. Fourth, appreciate

King Chu Ling was a controversial monarch in the late Spring and Autumn Period. He is the grandson of Chu Zhuangwang, the second son of Chu, and the younger brother of Chu Wangkang. After the death of King Chu Kang, his youngest son succeeded to the throne. At that time, the spiritual king, who served as consul (Lingyin), strangled the king himself and became king on his own. In the history of Chu, there has always been a tradition that the prince killed his brother and stood on his own feet: Mu Wang killed his father and Ling Wang killed his nephew and stood on his own feet, all of which were recognized by ministers and stabilized the country; However, in Spring and Autumn Annals, it is inevitable to be ridiculed as a traitor.

Since the King of Chu, the hegemony of Chu has been declining, Jin has gained advantages, and Wu has become stronger. After the spirit king ascended the throne, he fought against Wu for many times, successively destroying two vassal states of China, Chen and Cai, and building two big cities to deter the Central Plains. Finally, he overwhelmed Kim in the league and became the hegemon again. From this point of view, the spirit king can be described as the Lord of ZTE. However, his hegemony depends entirely on force and coercion. Unlike Qi Huangong, Jin Wengong and Chu Zhuangwang, most rulers in the Central Plains are dissatisfied, and Chu has many unstable factors. The story of Zige vs took place at this time without appeasement to stabilize the political foundation and once again sent troops to compete with Wu for Xu (now Xuzhou area).

Ling Wang led his troops to camp in Ganxi, not far from Xu, and showed off his force in the name of hunting. Look at the clothes he is wearing: fur hat (leather crown), feather coat given by Qin (Qin), cloak made of kingfisher feathers (green quilt), shoes made of leopard skin (leopard), and whip in hand. The above costumes are extremely luxurious, including local specialties of Chu State and treasures presented by other governors, which fully shows the majesty of the king of Chu as the overlord. King Ling has always been famous for his exultation. Zheng's courtiers once pointed out that this man is too vain and will not come to a good end in the future. When he came back from hunting, the minister Zige came to see him, and the spirit king took off his hat, cloak and whip to show his respect for the minister.

Who is this leather? He is not the local minister of Chu, but the son of Zheng Guolai's "political asylum". His original name is Zheng Dan, and Zige is his word. During the Spring and Autumn Period, there were frequent flows of talents in various countries, and there were many examples of "using Chu materials", and many talents from the Central Plains fled to Chu. Zi Ge, as a down-and-out son, can be an assistant to the consul (You Yin), which shows the eclecticism of appointing talents in Chu. Wang Ling's next conversation with Zige showed his full trust in Zige, a foreigner.

Wang Ling asked Zige a long question, but the essence was simple: Want this, want that, want everything, just greed. King Ling first reviewed the great contribution of his ancestors to the Zhou Dynasty (in fact, Chu was a small country with less than a hundred miles in the Western Zhou Dynasty, far less great than what King Ling boasted), and then bitterly pointed out that Qi, Jin, Lu and Wei were all gifts given by the Zhou Emperor, but Chu was not. If someone is sent to ask the emperor of Zhou for a gift now, will the emperor give it?

Zige replied: "I will definitely give it! Our ancestors of Chu were hardworking and brave, which is nothing to say, but at that time we were not relatives of Zhou, and the emperor didn't take us seriously. Today is different. Emperor Zhou was afraid of us. Qi, Jin, Lu and Wei all serve us. Your majesty sent for a present. How dare the emperor not give it to us? "

This answer was to the taste of the king of Chu, so he continued to ask: Xu this place (today's Xuchang) was originally the fief of the uncle of the ancestors of Chu (that was more than 1000 years ago, and Kui Ling Hou Wang brazenly took it out), but later Zheng people occupied this land and did not return it to Chu. If Chu now sends someone to claim this land, will Zheng give it to us?

Zige replied: "I will definitely give it! Zhou dare not give gifts. How dare Zheng not give us land? "

After listening to these two answers, the spirit king was elated and his desire kept expanding, so he asked again: It turns out that the State of Jin dominated the Central Plains because it is close to the Central Plains, while our State of Chu is far from it. Now there are four big cities in the Central Plains, namely, Chen, Cai and Tang, all of which can transport 1,000 people. Are the governors still afraid of us?

Zige replied: "I will definitely be afraid! The strength of these four cities is enough to deter governors, not to mention the local strength of Chu. Who dares not be afraid of the king! "

At this point, the spirit of the king's confidence and desire has expanded to the extreme. Fortunately, the craftsman came in and showed him how to make jade, otherwise it would be hard to imagine, and then he would ask himself how naive he was.

There are many disrespectful places in the questions above the spirit king. Zige is a native of Zheng, with the same surname as Zhou Dynasty, and a vassal of China. The Spirit King not only asked him about the cession of Zheng's land, but also openly offered to bully the King of Zhou and suppress the princes of China, completely ignoring Zige's feelings as a national, which only showed that he was blinded by desire. At that time, the national strength of Chu was strong, which could deter the Zhou Dynasty and other governors, but the tone of Elf King's questions was like that of a child asking for sugar, which was really not the style of an overlord. Ji An of the Han Dynasty once satirized Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty for "wanting more inside and being benevolent outside", while King Chu Ling was naked for "wanting more outside" and didn't even bother to pretend to be benevolent.

The desire of the Elf King and Zige's ingratiation really aroused the dissatisfaction of other ministers. Minister Li took advantage of the absence of the king to complain to his son Ge, saying, "You are a big shot in the state of Chu. Since the king asked you, you only know Nuo Nuo. What should our country do? " Zige confidently replied, "I was sharpening my knife just now. When the king comes out, my blade will be cut off! " "Thinkers in the pre-Qin period did not advocate direct remonstration, but advocated gentle and euphemistic remonstration. Yan Zi, Zou Ji and Meng Zi are typical examples of irony. Unfortunately, most of the admonishers in later generations covet fame, are proud of attacking, and take direct remonstrance as the right path, which has far deviated from Confucius' admiration for remonstrance.

The spirit king came out of the craftsmen, and at this moment, Chu historians passed by. Pointing to Yixiang, King Ling said, "This is a good history of Chu. I can read ancient books such as Three Tombs, Five Classics, Eight Diagrams Palm and jiusan." Three Graves and Five Classics is a book of three emperors and five emperors, Eight Diagrams is a book about gossip and divination, and Nine Hills is a book about the geography and human feelings of Kyushu. The spirit king proudly quoted these titles, probably not to praise Yi Xiang's erudition, but to show off Chu's talented people and indirectly show his greatness as a king. But this just gave Zige a chance to "operate".

Zige said disdainfully, "I once asked, Zhou Muwang likes to play around when he is in office. The minister presented a poem "Pray for the Duke" to restrain Mu Wang's desire. As a result, Mu Wang did not suffer a disaster and got a good end; Yi Xiang can't recite prayers. What kind of knowledge is this? " (In fact, Zige is only looking for the place, and leaning against the phase does not necessarily mean that he can't recite poems. After hearing this, Wang Ling was really interested and asked Zige to recite Zhao Qi for him. Zige can recite:

"Sima Qizhao how peaceful and serene, the king's German voice reached people's ears. Think about the virtues of our king, just like jewelry and gold. He made limited use of the people's strength, and he didn't have enough to eat. "

This poem means that you use the people's power mainly according to the limits that the people can bear, rather than using the people's power to satisfy your own desires. Only in this way can the monarch be regarded as a good word, and his virtue will be praised by the people all over the world. "Not drunk and not full of heart" is so out of place compared with the mentality of the spiritual king just now, which is difficult to fill and greedy for profit! In the words of Confucius, this poem tells four words: "self-denial and self-respect."

Although King Chu Ling was carried away by desire, he was a wise man and soon understood the meaning of Zige. He thanked Zige and bowed, and went back to the rest place. He couldn't eat or sleep that day-we know that it is easy to get this uneasy situation when one restrains one's desires. Even if an ordinary person restrains his addiction to alcohol and tobacco, what's more, the king of a country restrains his desire for power? The result was tragic. Although Zige's suggestion touched Lingwang, Lingwang couldn't help himself. The following year, a coup took place in Chu. The militaristic spirit king was deposed, his brother became king, and the rebellious spirit king finally committed suicide in the wilderness. This is the end of a generation of overlords.

In the Spring and Autumn Period, there were not many overlords who could have a good end, but there were quite a few who died like the ghost king and laughed for the world. Among the nine princes, there was a Kuang Tian, who died in bed because of his favorite courtiers. After his death, there was a chaos in Qi. Qin Mugong was the most wise monarch of Qin, but he was defeated by the State of Jin for many times because of his greed, and his descendants could not leave Hangu Pass for 300 years. Jin Ligong defeated the Chu army in Yanling and monopolized the Central Plains. A few years later, he was killed by Dr. Qing, and only an ox cart was buried with him. Fu Cha, the king of Wu, defeated Qi, Jin and Chu successively, but he died at the hands of Gou Jian, the defeated king of Yue, and Wu perished. There is a saying in The Book of Songs: "Decadent people have no beginning, fresh people have an end". It's not that it's harder to get to the back, but that the mentality of successful people will change. Once the desire expands, it is not easy to save your life. What about contributing?

Confucius said, "On the day of self-denial, the world will return to benevolence." Self-denial is to control your own desires; This ceremony is to abide by the provisions of "Zhou Li". Once self-denial can be achieved, all the troubles in the world will be attributed to their own kindness, and there will be no more distress and no more impulse to bring self-destruction. Unfortunately, the later Neo-Confucianists understood "self-denial and self-courtesy" as "preserving justice and restraining human desires", which eventually became one-sided empty talk and eliminated human normal desires, which was far from the original intention of Confucius and other philosophers in the pre-Qin period.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) notes

Rain and snow: It's snowing.

Leather crown: leather hat.

Qin Fu Tao: Feathers presented by the State of Qin.

Tribe: A shawl decorated with jade feathers.

Ma: Shoes.

Servant analysis father: Dr. Zhu.

Voice: official name.

Evening: the audience at night.

Put it down.

Xiong Yi: the ancestor of Chu State.

Lu _: the ancestor of Qi, Wei, Jin and Lu.

Kang Wang: Zhou Kangwang, the third generation of Zhou Wang.

Four countries: Qi, Wei, Jin and Lu.

D: Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties are regarded as national treasures.

Bi: the same as "it doesn't matter."

Jingshan: the birthplace of Chu people, now in the west of Nanzhang County, Hubei Province.

Lu: firewood.

Blue wisp: tattered clothes. A bow made of mahogany and an arrow made of thorn wood.

* * *: same as "supply". Zhou Chengwang's mother is Jiang Taigong's daughter.

Kunwu: The distant ancestor of Chu once lived in Xu Di.

Xu: The vassal states were enfeoffed at the beginning of the Zhou Dynasty.

Chen and Cai: the vassal state was sealed, and was later destroyed by Chu.

No soup: place name, there are two cities.

Operator: refers to personnel carriers.

Four countries: refers to Chen, Cai, things are not thick soup.

Poetry of the same dynasty

The Song Dynasty adopted Wei, the first month of the Spring King, the Song people made peace with the Chu people, established miscellaneous employment, destroyed xia yang and Zheng Boke in the Jin Dynasty, served as a cook for Zeng Shen, and Naoko was suspicious of his neighbors, collided with others, and was lax.

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