Green building design strategy and its practice?

1. 1 Analyze people's misunderstanding of green buildings

Compared with people's usual understanding of green building, from the evaluation criteria of green building, we can see more connotations of green building: it involves the whole life cycle of the whole building, which not only reduces pollution, but also saves energy, land, water resources and materials. It can be considered that green building does not refer to green building, but represents a design attitude and future trend. It is not only an expression of people's will to create a friendly environment, but also a strong desire to adhere to the road of sustainable development and remain comfortable in future life.

1.2 the necessity of developing green buildings

The traditional development model has brought rich material enjoyment to human civilization, but it has also brought the big problem of ecological crisis to the earth. People have to adjust the existing mode of production to deal with this crisis, so there is a trend of eco-industrial technology, and the construction industry, as a huge energy consumption, naturally has to adapt to this trend. China is a big country in energy and energy consumption. Compared with developed countries with similar climatic conditions, China's heating energy consumption per square meter is three times higher, and the energy consumption of construction industry accounts for 50%. Therefore, re-examining the design strategy of green buildings is a subject that construction practitioners have to face up to.

1.3 Current situation of green buildings in China

At present, the development level of green buildings in China is mixed, and some projects are already at the leading level in the world, but most of them can only approach the level of developed countries in Western Europe in the 1990s. Moreover, due to the serious deviation in the development process, most people have many misunderstandings about green buildings, and green buildings have become synonymous with "high technology, high cost and practicality".

1.4 Analysis on the Development Prospect of Green Building

The Decision of the Fourth Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee on Several Major Issues of Comprehensively Advancing the Rule of Law clearly stated that in the process of comprehensively deepening the reform of the country, there should be strict and corresponding principles, policies and documents in urban and rural construction, environmental protection, green building and new energy utilization. Relevant policies issued in recent years, such as the new green building evaluation standard, the national new urbanization plan (20 14-2020), and the notice on forwarding the action plan of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the Development and Reform Commission, all show China's determination to develop green buildings.

2 climate analysis in Shenzhen area

2. 1 climate analysis of Shenzhen based on meteorological data of typical years

Shenzhen is located in the southern part of the motherland, with a subtropical maritime monsoon climate, sunny weather and abundant precipitation. The meteorological data studied in this paper comes from the hourly parameter report of typical meteorology (design typical) provided by Guangzhou Meteorological Observatory. The analysis shows that the temperature in Shenzhen is moderate in spring and autumn; The temperature is higher in summer; The temperature in winter is generally10℃ ~13℃; Summer is long and winter is warm. The annual average temperature is 22.5℃, and the extreme temperature is 38.7℃ at the highest and 0.2℃ at the lowest. The frost-free period is 355d, the annual average rainfall is 1924.3mm, and the sunshine is 2120.5h. The main energy consumption of the building is the use of air conditioners in summer.

2.2 climate analysis of Shenzhen based on building thermal design zoning

Shenzhen is located in zone Ⅳ b of China building climate zoning map, which belongs to the hot summer and warm winter zone of building thermal design zoning. The basic requirements of the climate in Ⅳ B area for buildings are: 1) The requirements of heat protection must be fully met in summer, and heat preservation is not required in winter. 2) Openness and transparency, natural ventilation and passive cooling. 3) Avoid sun exposure and provide shade. 4) Rainstorm prevention, flood control, moistureproof and lightning protection. In addition, hot summer and warm winter areas are mainly located in the southeast of China, with long summer time, hot and humid climate and short winter time. In addition, Shenzhen is still a coastal area, with many typhoons and heavy rains in summer. From the meteorological data in typical years and the climate analysis in Shenzhen under the zoning of building thermal design, it can be seen that the goal of green building design in Shenzhen is mainly to cool down in summer.

3 Research on Shenzhen Green Design Strategy

To achieve cooling, we can start from the following aspects in planning and architectural design.

3. 1 planning and design

3. 1. 1 Application of ventilation corridor

The ventilation corridor is similar to a long and narrow ventilation pipeline, which uses the fluid characteristics of wind to introduce fresh and clean air into the residential area, so that the residential area can obtain good natural ventilation effect and achieve the purpose of cooling down. The layout of the ventilation corridor should correspond to the main local wind patterns, and the planning and design of the ventilation corridor in Shenzhen should be southeast-northwest or east-west.

3. 1.2 Water body greening and its application

Greening mainly plays the role of lowering the temperature, shielding the space and guiding the wind direction; Evaporative cooling of water can also reduce the temperature. There is a strong temperature difference between natural spaces such as forests, lakes and lawns and artificial spaces such as urban roads and squares, which is a good performance of greening and water cooling. Greening and water bodies have been widely used in the planning and design of countries all over the world. Atrium can also introduce architectural graphic design to form microclimate and improve indoor thermal environment.

3.2 Building monomer design

In the field of architectural design, the main applications of architectural design are passive design and the application of renewable energy in architecture.

3.2. 1 direction and body shape

According to "Building Climate Zoning Standard:" ... the main facade of the building should form an angle with the dominant wind direction in summer. When the direction angle is greater than 0 and less than 90, the greater the direction angle, the better the ventilation effect; When the direction angle is greater than 90 and less than180, the smaller the direction angle, the better the ventilation effect. The ventilation effect is the worst when the direction included angle is 0 and180, and the best when it is 90. "The south wall is the most favorable in winter, and the east-west wall is the most unfavorable in summer. The largest side of the external surface of a building should face south, and the smallest side should face east and west.

External protective structure

1) roof. Roof adopts energy-saving measures such as overhead roof, light-colored roof and planted roof to isolate solar radiation heat, reduce direct sunlight and achieve the effect of cooling. 2) wall. Shading, light-colored paint, thickening the external wall and improving ventilation and heat dissipation are commonly used methods to improve the thermal resistance of the wall in Shenzhen. Among them, the east and west surfaces are mainly solid walls, reducing window opening. The sunshade assembly is arranged at the position where windows and holes need to be opened, such as the bathroom. In recent years, wooden grating and metal perforated plate are very popular in Shenzhen, because they can meet the requirements of shading and beauty at the same time. 3) doors and windows. Doors and windows account for the largest proportion of heat transfer in the external envelope, reaching more than 70%, and the external window can be said to be the weakest link in thermal performance. This is because the glass itself has a small heat transfer temperature difference, and most of the heat can reach the inside of the glass, so the glass with small shading coefficient such as heat insulation and energy-saving glass and heat reflection coated glass can improve the thermal performance of the envelope structure well.

3.2.3 Architectural graphic design

The peak of solar radiation intensity in Shenzhen in summer is flat roof, while the radiation intensity of walls in different directions decreases in order of west, southwest (southeast), northwest (northeast), south and north. Therefore, from the point of view of energy saving, the main rooms used in the plane layout are suitable to be arranged in the south, and the secondary rooms can be arranged in the west or east. Reasonable plane layout can greatly reduce energy consumption.

form factor

Shape coefficient reflects the complexity of building shape. According to the principle that the larger the outer surface of a building, the larger the heat dissipation area and the more energy consumption, shape coefficient also reflects the level of building energy consumption. The larger the shape coefficient, the higher the energy consumption, and vice versa. Among the geometric figures commonly used in architecture, the shape coefficient of square, rectangle or their combination is relatively low, so it is beneficial to control building energy consumption to consider using such design direction in the early stage of design.

3.3 Application of renewable energy

The application of renewable energy in buildings is of great significance to the realization of green design. The renewable energy available in Shenzhen mainly includes solar energy, geothermal energy, wind energy and biomass energy. The intensity and distribution of solar radiation in Shenzhen are concentrated in summer, which is the best time for solar energy application. Shenzhen is rich in wind energy resources, so the application of wind energy should be fully considered in the design. In addition, the application of biomass energy in Shenzhen has also achieved some results. At the same time, it is suggested to strengthen natural ventilation to shorten the air conditioning cycle and extend the transition period.

4 Practice of Green Building in Shenzhen

4. 1 project overview

The project is located in Shekou District, Nanshan District, Shenzhen. Now it is a hotel, with Shekou Industrial Road 1 in the south, Shekou Bay and Shekou Hong Kong and Macao Passenger Terminal. Excellent geographical location, convenient transportation, covering an area of 1, 5 13.63 m2, with a total construction area of 5984.06m2 The hotel is a modern architectural style in the 1980s, with a frame structure and a column grid structure of 7.2m×7.2m The external protective material is a single-layer dark blue glass curtain wall (single-layer glass), split air conditioning and exposed airplane seats. The entrance of the hotel is close to the road, and the space is cramped; Later, the computer room was added, and the layout was messy; Vertical traffic is two elevators plus evacuation passage; Outside the commercial street, there was traffic, noise and dust. On the basis of retaining the main building, the project decided to adopt the green design strategy and transform it into a green pension apartment.

4.2 Green Building Practice Analysis

The sunshine in Shenzhen is strong, and the south of the project faces the street, resulting in serious noise pollution. Combining with the green design strategy of buildings in Shenzhen and the specific situation of the project, shading and sound insulation have become the main problems faced by this design. This project is a reconstruction design. Combined with the above green building design strategies, the specific design means of this renovation design are obtained. The traditional sun visor has a fixed position and cannot be adjusted, so it can't meet the sun shading needs in summer and winter. General building sound insulation treatment is not well combined with external structures such as shading. Using the method of combining parameterization and ecological analysis, a multifunctional outer skin is designed, that is, a comprehensive skin combining "tracking solar photoelectric sun visor" and "grading noise reduction and sound absorption board".

5 conclusion

The old development model in the industrial era has been gradually replaced by the sustainable development model that pays attention to environmental protection, and the construction industry, as a large consumer of resources, is also the general trend to embark on the road of green ecological development. Through the efforts of predecessors, green building technology has made great progress now. However, at present, many green buildings in China do not consider the actual situation at the beginning of design, but only pay attention to the application of technology, which leads to the fact that the actual energy consumption of green buildings is not low. In the aspect of single design, the window-wall ratio and shape coefficient are neglected to model, which leads to the need to use a lot of expensive materials and technologies to ensure that the building meets the energy-saving requirements, which leads to the high cost of green buildings, which is unbearable for the people and hinders the promotion.

Therefore, it is necessary to seriously study how to design a real green building from the perspective of practical use, which is reasonable and acceptable to the public, and it is very necessary for designers. Only in this way can people find more practical operating points in the design of ecological buildings and reduce the piling up of technology. Green building will become the mainstream and normal state of architectural design in the future. Based on the actual case of Shenzhen, this paper analyzes the design strategy of green buildings, aiming at providing more reference for the construction and promotion of green buildings in other regions.

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