Introduction to the story of Magellan, the navigator

Magellan was a famous explorer, navigator and colonist. 15 19? 152 1 year, he led the fleet around the world. After his death, the sailors on board continued to sail west and returned to Europe, completing the first round-the-world voyage of mankind. The following is the story of Magellan that I share with you. Welcome to read and study.

Magellan's life

1. Youth

Magellan 1480 was born in a declining knight family in Porto, northern Portugal. /kloc-at the age of 0/0, his father sent him to work in the palace, and he later became a servant of the queen. 1496 was incorporated into the national maritime safety administration, and 1505 joined the expedition of Almeida, the first Portuguese governor in India. He followed the expedition to explore and colonize East Africa, India and Malacca. This experience has enabled him to accumulate rich sailing experience.

Participation in war

At the age of 25, he joined the Royal Spanish Guard, sailed along the African coastline from Lisbon and participated in the colonial war against Africa. Later, he and the Arabs fought a battle for the place of trade. He left India for home at the age of 30. However, he ran into a rock on his way home and was trapped on an isolated island. Magellan and his sailors waited a long time to rescue the ship. When the superior learned about this situation, he was promoted to captain and served in the army.

Plan a journey

After that, when he participated in the colonial war in Southeast Asia, he learned that there was still a sea to the east of the Spice Islands. In addition, his friend the astrologer Farillo also calculated the location of the spice islands. He guessed that America was to the east of the sea, and firmly believed that the earth was round. So, he has a plan to sail around the world.

Magellan's Global Process

1. Prepare to sail

At the age of 33, Magellan returned to his hometown of Portugal. He applied to Portuguese King Manuel to organize a fleet to explore and sail around the world. But the king didn't agree, because he thought that the eastern trade had been effectively controlled and there was no need to open up new navigation channels. 15 17, he left Portugal and went to Seville, Spain, where he once again requested to sail around the world. The commander of the fortress in Seville appreciated his talent and courage very much and agreed to his request and married his daughter. 15 18 In March, Spanish King Charles V (Carlos I) received Magellan, who made another request for navigation and presented the king with a homemade exquisite colored globe. The king quickly agreed to him. 1565438+On September 20th, 2009, under the instructions of the king, Magellan organized a fleet of five ships, with Trinidad as the flagship, as well as San Antonio, Concepcion, Victoria and Santiago, ready to set sail. However, the Portuguese king soon knew this, and he was afraid that Magellan's voyage would help Spain surpass Portugal. So, he not only sent people to create rumors in Seville, but also sent some spies to sneak into Magellan's fleet, ready to kill and assassinate Magellan.

Across the Atlantic

On August 9, Magellan set out with a fleet of five ships. The fleet sailed in the Atlantic for 70 days and arrived at the coast of Brazil on129 October. In the second year of 65438+ 10/0, the fleet came to the endless big bay. The crew thought that when they reached the end of America, they could smoothly enter the new ocean, but after on-the-spot investigation, it was only an estuary, the La Plata River. At the end of March, South America entered the winter, so Magellan led the fleet into San Juan Port to prepare for the winter. The crew were very depressed because of the cold weather and food shortage. There was a rebellion among the crew, and the three captains jointly opposed Magellan, disobeyed Magellan's orders and ordered Magellan to negotiate. Magellan agreed to negotiate on the pretext of sending a messenger, and took the opportunity to assassinate the rebellious captain official. Soon, Magellan found a large number of seabirds, fish and fresh water in San Juan Port, and the diet problem was finally solved. Magellan also found that there were also local aborigines nearby, who were tall and dressed in animal skins; Their shoes are also very special. They put wet skin on their feet up to their knees. Wear a pair of big leather boots outside in rainy and snowy days. Magellan called them "bigfoot", arrested two bigfoot by deception, and gave them fetters and handcuffs as gifts to the Spanish king. In the spring of August, Magellan led the fleet to move on. But they only have four boats left.

Over America

1520 at the end of August, the fleet sailed out of St. Julian's port and continued to sail south along the Atlantic coast, ready to find a channel to the South China Sea. After three days of sailing, at 52? Found a bay. Magellan sent two ships to explore, hoping to find a waterway to the South China Sea. That night, the storm was raging, the wind roared and the waves were huge, and the ships sent there were in danger of hitting the cliff and sinking at any time. This emergency lasted for two days. As luck would have it, at this moment of sudden change, they found a canyon leading to the South China Sea, which was later called strait of magellan. Magellan led the fleet along the strait of magellan. The gorge road twists and turns, with different widths, and the peaks on both sides stand tall and fantastic. The aborigines on both sides of the Taiwan Strait happily lit bonfires, with blue smoke during the day and bright lights at night, like a guard of honor specially arranged for Magellan's arrival. Magellan was very happy. When he saw this land on fire at night, he named this land on the south bank of the Strait "Tierra del Fuego", which is today's Tierra del Fuego in Chile. After more than 20 days of arduous and circuitous sailing, I finally reached the west entrance of the Strait and walked out of strait of magellan. Suddenly, I saw a calm and boundless "South China Sea".

4. hunger in the Pacific

After 100 days of sailing, Magellan's mood has never been so relaxed, as if God had helped him a lot. He gave an auspicious name to the South China Sea, called the Pacific Ocean. In this vast Pacific Ocean, we can't see land and islands, so food has become the most critical issue. In 100 days and nights, they didn't eat any fresh food, only dry bread to satisfy their hunger. Later, they even ate dry bread, and they could only eat some dry bread crumbs with bugs, which smelled like rat urine. The fresh water in the cabin is getting shallower and shallower, and finally you can only drink turbid yellow water, and there is a bad smell. In order to survive, the cowhide covered on the ship yard is also used as food. Cowhide is as hard as stone because of the sun and rain. Soak in seawater for four or five days, and then bake on charcoal fire for a long time before eating. Sometimes, they eat sawdust from wood.

5. Arrive in Asia

152 1 In March, the fleet finally reached three inhabited islands, which are part of the Mariana Islands. The aborigines on the island are dark-skinned and tall. They are naked, but they are wearing hats made of palm leaves. Enthusiastic islanders brought them food, fruits and vegetables. In addition to surprise, the crew expressed their heartfelt thanks to the residents for their enthusiasm.

However, because the natives had never seen such a spectacular fleet, they showed novelty to everything on board, so they removed some items from the ship. When the crew found it, they shouted loudly and regarded it as a robber, and renamed the island "Robber Island". Magellan was very angry when the islanders stole the lifeboat tied to the stern. He led a group of armed men to the coast, shot and killed seven indigenous people, and set fire to dozens of huts and dozens of ships. So he left a very disgraceful page in Magellan's diary.

The fleet sailed west again and came to the present Philippine Islands. At this time, Magellan and his companions finally completed the feat of crossing the Pacific for the first time, confirming that there is a vast water area between America and Asia. This water area is much wider than the Atlantic Ocean. It took Columbus only two months and a few days to cross the Atlantic for the first time, while Magellan spent 100 days crossing the Pacific Ocean in sunny weather and pleasant journey. Magellan crossed the Pacific Ocean for the first time, which produced a revolution in the history of geography and navigation. It is proved that most of the earth's surface is not land, but oceans, and the oceans around the world are not isolated from each other, but a unified and complete water body. This has played a pioneering role in the navigation of later generations.

6. The death of Magellan

1521March 16, Magellan's fleet came to an uninhabited island near Samar Island to replenish some fresh water and let the sailors have a rest. Residents of nearby islands came to watch the Spaniards and exchanged coconut and palm wine for Spanish red hats and some small toys. A few days later, the fleet sailed southwest and anchored at the island north of Mindanao. A local aboriginal ship arrived in Trinidad. Enrique, Magellan's slave, shouted at the rowers on board in Malaysian, and they immediately understood Enrique's meaning. Enrique was born in Sumatra and was brought to Europe from Malacca by Magellan 12 years ago. Two hours later, two big ships arrived, full of people, and local leaders also came. Enrique talked freely with them. At this time, Magellan suddenly realized that he came to the Malay speakers again. Not far from the "Spice Islands", they are about to complete the first round-the-world voyage in human history.

The head of the island came to Magellan's command ship and took the fleet to Cebu Port in the central Philippines (the colony of the Spanish Crown Prince: San lazarus). Magellan expressed his willingness to make peace with the leaders of Cebu Island, and he was prepared to provide them with military assistance if they admitted that they were vassals of the Spanish king. In order to convince the Spanish leader, Magellan conducted a military exercise nearby. The leader of Cebu Island accepted this proposal. A week later, he was baptized with his family and hundreds of subjects. In a short time, some residents of this island and nearby islands were also baptized.

Magellan became the protector of these new _. In order to carry out colonial rule, he intervened among the leaders of nearby islands. 152 1 On the night of April 27th, he led more than 60 people to the island in three boats. Because there were many rocks in the water, the ship could not dock, so Magellan and more than 60 crew members waded ashore. Unexpectedly, the rebellious islanders were already ready. Magellan ordered the artillery and archers to fire at them, but they couldn't get in. Then the islanders pounced on them, and the crew could not resist. They fought and retreated, and the islanders followed. Magellan, eager to clear the gap, ordered the village to be burned to disturb people's hearts. When the islanders saw their houses burned down, they chased them even more angrily, shooting dense arrows and throwing countless javelins and stones. When they learned that Magellan was the commander of the fleet, the attack was even more fierce. Many people are desperate to throw javelins at him or cut them with big axes. Magellan was hacked to death in this battle.

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