Supa River Supa River Huang Longyu

People on both sides of Supa River in Longling, Yunnan, frantically dig Huang Longyu, with a price of 10,000 yuan per kilogram.

Yunnan Information News reporter Guo Min Southern Metropolis Daily reporter Yuan.

The country has not given Huanglongyu a scientific name and issued an appraisal standard, but it is far from Taobao people. All they know is that in this crazy place, you can make a lot of money by selling a flashlight and a diesel engine casually; They look for value in the drizzle and the harsh sound of the wind drilling rig.

It rained harder and harder, and the treasure hunter Yue hurried home. Just now, his wife called and said that a foreign buyer had come to the door. Although the drought lasted for more than 8 months, people living on both sides of Supa River in Longling County, Yunnan Province are not satisfied with the rain, which will fill the riverbed and their treasure digging activities must stop. At this time, the entertainment places in the town and county will be crowded with people, and hundreds of blue tents set up in the valley 40 kilometers from the Eggplant Mountain Reservoir to the Sanjiangkou will be empty.

Sixty-six years ago, this was the forefront of China War Zone in World War II, and the famous Songshan Battle took place here. Now, the enthusiasm of national mobilization is ignited by another battle: six years ago, a stone named Huang Longyu was found here. After the media propaganda and the support of merchants, in just a few years, the price of a tractor has changed from a few yuan at the beginning to tens of thousands of yuan a kilogram now. People sold their own mountains, dug their own paddy fields and began to "gold rush" crazily.

A few minutes later, Yue ran home from the foot of the mountain. He shook his head at the buyer from Kunming and said, "1.2 million yuan was yesterday's price, and now it will be sold to 1.5 million yuan."

Dig a treasure tent

Mo Zeng smiled and looked at the clock hanging on the post. June 1 1 It's raining outside at 2 pm, and there are still 1 hours to get off work. He woke up two people sleeping on the bed board and got up to play "landlords". "We play 2 yuan bottom and top 10 yuan." One of the young people pointed to another tent outside. "They dug up the treasure and played thousands."

Mo Zengxiao, a 20-year-old from Xiangda Township, Longling County, has a big eye. He dropped out of high school and started a tea business with his father. Now his plan to get rich is to dig stones.

Mo Zengxiao was wearing a pair of flip-flops, with the toenails of his thumb curled up and headphones in his left ear. This tent has 1 1 owners. Except him, the rest 10 people live here every night, so the daily necessities are ready. Only there is no TV, and the only activity in the evening is playing cards. During the day, they dug 3 meters or 5 meters deep in an acre of farmland, and it was possible to find the gem-Huang Longyu. Mo Zengxiao is the captain of this 1 1 Taobao team.

Soon, two middle-aged men came in, one of whom was wearing a small red vest. "I heard that we should dig it out together." Mo Zengxiao took out a stone from the cupboard behind him, yellow and oval, weighing about 3 kilograms. The newcomer took out a flashlight, and its top slid close to the surface of the stone. Under the strong light, you can see pale yellow from the stone. "How much is it?" The young man scratched his head. "8000 yuan."

The middle-aged man wearing a vest is called Kuang Jiaqing, and his home is on the hillside behind this tent. Mo said that Kuang's family had several fields, all of which were sold, making almost millions.

This is the bottom of Supa River, and the flat valley is rice fields. These two days are the season for transplanting rice seedlings.

Supa River, a river from north to south in south-central Longling County, flows into Nujiang River from west to east-it is this river that prevented the Japanese from attacking southwest China in World War II. Xiaoheishan, the birthplace of Supa River, is a provincial nature reserve in Yunnan and a water source protection zone in the upper reaches of salween (Nujiang) and Irrawaddy River (Dulongjiang), surrounded by Supa River and its tributaries 10. Due to geological changes, the primary veins of Yingshi/chalcedony are mostly concentrated in Xiaoheishan and its surrounding areas, so this area has become the most important producing area of Huanglongyu in Yunnan.

Hou Desheng, secretary of Longling County Tourism Bureau and director of Huang Longyu Development Coordination Office, said: "At the beginning of 2006, Longling County had no place to live every afternoon, and all hotels and restaurants were occupied by businessmen from other places who came to buy Huang Longyu wool." "Every day, 3,000 to 4,000 people mine Huang Longyu in Xiaoheishan, with 2 18 sheds and as many as 165438+ mining holes.

In order to oppose the government's control of "closing mountains to protect mines", local farmers will bring local dogs into Xiaoheishan and let them fight with government police dogs. They will go to the mountains to steal stones.

In September 2006, after the government introduced large companies to develop Xiaoheishan in an orderly manner, Supa River became an adventure paradise for local people.

At 3 o'clock in the afternoon, Mo Zengxiao started work on time, and 1 1 people were all dispatched. Their range of activities is about 1 mu of land from the river to the tent, which is called "Tangzi". Three months ago, they bought it from the previous landlord for 260 thousand yuan, while the price six months ago was 6.5438+0.2 million yuan. "This landlord is very smart, and he bought such three pieces at once." Mo Zengxiao pointed to the sight above his pond. "Now he has sold to three, he left a small piece. The three ponds sold more than 560,000. "

Similar to the real estate speculators in the city, from the second half of 2009, villagers with a keen sense of smell in Longling County began to cultivate land on a large scale. They bought it at a price of less than 654.38+10,000 yuan per mu, and sold it one after another from the first half of this year, and the price doubled. Another piece of land separated from Mo Zengxiao's Tangzi by a river is less than an acre, and the price has been fried to 654.38+0 million.

All ponds are mined until the gems are dug out. Mo Zengxiao's pond has been dug 3 meters deep by the previous landlord and then backfilled. Now they must clean up the 3-meter floating soil and dig down. Excavation tools are primitive, including hoes, bamboo baskets, pneumatic drills, diesel engines, steel drills, etc. But boulders are often encountered below 3 meters. In order to prevent the riverbed from being destroyed on a large scale and prevent soil erosion, the local government banned them from using large excavators and blasting methods. A young man with a pneumatic drill on his back and plastic slippers stuck the drill tightly on the stone, pressed the button and the drill began to run at high speed. After sliding a few times on the surface of the stone, he got into it.

After the whole drill bit is submerged, take it out. Mo Zengxiao inserted two pieces of steel into the hole, then plunged a steel nail into it, swung a hammer and smashed it. After several times, the stone broke into several pieces and can be moved away. The young man stood on a big stone, and under the stone was a pond several meters deep. His trousers have been torn to the crotch, and when the wind blows, the glistening skin is exposed. He said that it was damaged by the drill bit of the pneumatic drill. He is only 19 years old, and he thinks it is worth the risk.

The whole homework is as detailed as an archaeologist's archaeology. All the eluvial soil is dug up with hoes, then picked up with two small bamboo baskets, and the stones are broken into small pieces. In the meantime, any "suspicious" stones will be picked up by them and carefully identified. These stones, which have been preliminarily selected, are piled in a small pile next to them, and villagers will come and choose them. If they agree, they will buy it at a price of tens of yuan. The next day, they will appear on the stalls along the road from Longxin Township to Supa River in Xiangda Township, Longling County, and some of them have been preliminarily polished.

Collective "game"

Longling county is a national key poverty alleviation county. The original capital for buying out a Tangzi is often several hundred thousand yuan, and it is rarely taken by a monopoly. The local villagers' way of "panning for gold" is joint venture.

Mo Zengxiao partnered with 10 villagers to dig for more than 40 days and has made a profit of 60,000 yuan. This is not very high. In a tent next to it, more than 800 thousand yuan of stones have been dug up, and one person can get 50 thousand yuan or 60 thousand yuan.

Where the river bank is steep and there are no fields by the river, the local villagers will take the center of the river as the boundary and delimit the area of their fields extending from the top of the slope to the river bank as their own scope. You can mine it yourself or contract it to others. The so-called contracting refers to the unpaid collective labor of some villagers. Once the gem is dug up, the owner (that is, the owner) takes 30% of it, and the rest is distributed according to the head after deducting the cost (still including the owner).

The advantage of joint venture is that farmers who have no land by the river can also participate in the distribution of wealth.

This "gold rush" is almost zero risk. "Nobody loses money." Mo Zengxiao pointed to his pond. "There are more treasures under the river bed." Of course, because he met that boulder, he now wants to sell the pond for 700 thousand. On the nearby mountains, he spent 60 thousand and 80 thousand respectively to buy two mountains, waiting for mining. The gem dug from the mountain is called mountain rib stone (or mountain material); What is dug out of the river is called washing stone (or seed material).

With this "mentoring" approach, countless blue tents have been set up from the Eggplant Mountain Reservoir to the Supa Valley, about 40 kilometers from the Sanjiangkou. Like Mo Zengxiao, they all came from surrounding villages, and there were 10- 15 people living in each tent. This is the most upstream market of Huanglongyu, and it is also the local market.

Every year 165438+ 10 to February of the following year, winter comes and Supa River emerges from the riverbed, which is the busiest time for villagers. Almost every family goes out, and the elderly and children are active at the bottom of the river.

But this Taobao game was invented by Guangxi people. A well-known saying is that around 2000, a Guangxi man named Li was building a hydropower station here, and accidentally found the yellow wax stone sold in Hezhou market in Guangxi from the bottom of the river, but the quality was better than that of the local one, so he bought a car (15 tons) of yellow wax stone at a low price of several yuan per kilogram and sold it in Hezhou, earning 20,000 yuan. At that time, yellow wax stone was sold as an ornamental stone, and the buying and selling price was not high. In 2004, a jade merchant in Dehong Prefecture selected a "jade yellow wax stone" less than one foot long, less than one inch thick and less than three pounds from a batch of yellow wax stones shipped from Hezhou stone merchants, and 30 yuan bought it and processed it into a "Huanglong jade bracelet" for decoration. At that time, it was sold to 600 yuan (later resold at 6000 yuan).

As a result, people have discovered other characteristics of the yellow wax stone. Previously, as an ornamental stone, yellow wax stone was mainly produced in Chaozhou, Guangdong and Hezhou, Guangxi, but since 2004, this kind of stone has been named "Huang Longyu" by Yunnan Ornamental Stone Association. Among them, "yellow" is the color, "dragon" is the origin of Longling, and "jade" is a beautiful stone. In various publicity materials, the concepts of chrysolite and Huanglongyu are divided, saying that "Huang Longyu is the best jade species found after Hetian jade and Burmese jade in Xinjiang".

Since then, in just six years, the value of this stone called jade has risen from the initial few yuan a kilogram to 10 thousand yuan a kilogram. Some experts said, "Its rapid price rise has set a miracle in the history of jade."

Soar up and become rich

Longling is remembered by the world for annihilating the Songshan Campaign of the Japanese army 66 years ago. In this once scorched earth, now it is a myth of getting rich overnight that is more stirring than war.

"There is a hole in Chuntouping Village. In May, more than 6 million yuan of goods were sold. Now this hole is going to change hands. Someone offered 5 million mountain owners not to sell, 20 million. " In a beef restaurant in Chaoyang Village on the Supa River, Jia Zhimin, the middleman, whispered to us. He bought a pond in the lower reaches of Supa River with several partners for 60,000 yuan, and sold it for 80,000 yuan two days ago. Compared with digging stones, he thinks that he earns more from the second business, that is, buying wool from villagers and then processing or reselling it himself. To this end, he and his wife ride motorcycles every day, shuttling between the village and the pond.

At the end of last year and early this year, prices soared. Jia Zhimin said that in March and April this year, the road from Longxin Lane to Chaoyang Village became a huge parking lot, and even motorcycles could not be driven in. The beef restaurant kills a cow every day, and the teacher of Chaoyang village school asks for leave to dig for treasures. Some villagers have made billions by selling Huang Longyu.

What the villagers didn't know was that during that time, the price of Huang Longyu in Yiwu jewelry market in Zhejiang Province soared by 30% in three months, and the average transaction price reached about 20,000 yuan per kilogram.

Jia Zhimin's "master of 20 million caves" is called Yue. Yue's cave is in his own field. He mined with five villagers. Until May this year, he got nothing, but in May, he dug up more than 300,000 yuan of goods, large and small. "I let buyers come to the cave to bid, and whoever bids high will sell it to them." This is a method invented by Yue and later imitated by many people.

However, about 6 million and 20 million have proved to be extremely exaggerated. Yue said that his cave was not for sale, and he had dismissed his partner, ready to mine it himself after the busy farming.

The Yue family still hides a washed stone, which he dug up in his own field by the river. Two Kunming people came to buy it, and the asking price was 1.2 million. He said it was yesterday's price, and today it will sell 1.5 million.

His 5-year-old son, holding a strong military flashlight, gesticulated on the stone; The 60-year-old mother sat quietly at the door watching her son bargain with the buyer. Yue said that at the busiest time, children and old people have to go to Tangzi to help. "I can't do heavy work, but it's ok to help lift the soil."

Like Yue, the rich stories circulating in Longling were magnified dozens of times until we met Zhuang Jiaxiang.

In the Supa River basin, Zhuang Jiaxiang is well-known and called "Boss Zhuang". His yard is five acres big. In front is a wooden bridge in Qing Dynasty, which spans Supa River. The concierge has a reception room and a shop. There is a monkey at the entrance of the yard. There are fish ponds, hot spring baths, guest rooms, beehives and tea factories in the yard.

Boss Zhuang is dressed as a countryman with gray hair. He must speak Mandarin slowly in order to be understood. He sells tea, runs inns, manages restaurants and, of course, buys and sells Huang Longyu.

The legend about him is that he has a net worth of hundreds of millions and only buys goods of more than 654.38+10,000 yuan. "A soup has been shipped, and everyone is bidding. Boss Zhuang came and took the goods at a price. "

He took us into a room with an iron gate. The glass counter in front of us is full of publicly sold Huanglongyu finished ornaments, and stones are everywhere on the ground and wooden shelves. He took out his key and opened the iron cabinet against the wall. He showed us some stones packed in plastic bags. The surface of the stone is coated with a layer of Volkswagen brand white oil, which is a cosmetic and can make the skin moist and elastic. Now, if painted on the stone, it will make the stone with bad color look more moist, but in Boss Zhuang's place, it is to protect the surface of the stone from being scratched by a flashlight.

The front end of the flashlight he used has been worn white, which is a sign of a veteran player. Under the strong light, almost every stone has a faint light. "See if the roll is round, and see if there are cracks and impurities in it." But some things are absolutely invisible with this flashlight. The protolith in Huang Longyu is mainly composed of tiny cryptocrystalline chalcedony, and the chalcedony particles are very small, each with a diameter of only 0.00 1mm, which needs a high-power microscope to see clearly.

On July 1 2009, Yunnan Province began to implement the local standard "Huang Longyu Classification", and "Huang Longyu Classification" formulated corresponding classification methods according to the color, transparency, cleanliness, texture, technology and quality of Huang Longyu. This seems to have a very strict standard, but it is useless to Zhuang Jiaxiang. "In fact, it is mainly based on feelings. There is no nonstandard standard. You can buy a stone as long as you like. Don't like it, no matter how good others say, you won't buy it. "

This small room already belongs to a terminal market in Huang Longyu.

"This piece sells for 1.8 million, this piece sells for 1.6 million, and that piece can also sell for 800,000." He had a smile on his face when he quoted. In the iron cabinet and the cardboard box on the ground, there are all these stones worth millions. The net profit of each stone of Boss Zhuang is around 200,000.

This is the person who really depends on the rich side of Huang Longyu. Zhuang Jiaxiang entered this market in 2007. Before that, it was a finished product, and I invited teachers from Henan and Fujian. Later, he felt that "there are fewer and fewer good materials, and if you don't hoard some, you may not have them in the future", so he turned to be a collector. Most people who come to the dealers to buy stones come from Fujian, Guangdong, Taiwan Province and Zhejiang.

The banker crossing the river is a rural credit cooperative, which is also a very rare rural credit cooperative located in the village. Deposit at least tens of millions every year (at the end of 2008, the deposit of Xiangxiang Rural Credit Cooperative reached 1 billion). Every transaction, Zhuang goes to the scene to get the goods first, and then drives a pickup truck to pull a few sacks of money to deliver the goods the next day. "they are on the spot, and they are divided on the spot." Sometimes the transaction amount is huge, and it takes an afternoon to get some money. The nearby police station should send police to protect it.

Zhuang Jiaxiang concluded: "Huanglongyu asked everyone to buy motorcycles, mobile phones and houses, and 80% of the people here made a fortune." . Without Huang Longyu, the villagers would have nothing now. At the end of last year, Yan Yongzeng, deputy secretary of the Party Committee of Xiangda Township, went to Chaoyang Village to guide the construction of a new countryside. He saw the poorest family in the village, the Zhang family, earning 500,000 yuan a month because of digging Huang Longyu.

"out of control"

On June 12, Cao Zhiting, the business manager of Jixiang Jewelry Store, just sent off a merchant from Inner Mongolia. "He took more than 65,438+million goods, and it seems that the market there is also very big."

There are 3000-5000 Fujian people active in this street. They buy Huang Longyu wool from the place of origin, then hire people from Henan or Fujian to process it, and finally put the finished products on the counter to wait for buyers from all over the country.

When Cao Zhiting rented this pavement five years ago, the monthly rent was only paid in 200 yuan. Now the company has revised it and raised the price every three months. In a restaurant opposite, the transfer fee has risen to 300,000. People from almost every province and city in the country come to buy goods from him. At one time, banks in this county were deprived of cash.

Three years ago, a dozen collectors in Kunming were able to control the market price in Huang Longyu. "We feel that the price is too high, and we don't even say hello. We can come down in a few days." Tamia Liu, a native of Kunming, said, but after only a few months, they felt that they could not control all this. "There are more and more players on the southeast coast, and many Zhejiang tycoons personally fly to Longling, Yunnan to see the goods."

In 2005, Tamia Liu discovered the Huang Longyu market when he was printing a book about Yunnan strange stones. He sold his house and put all his working capital into the market. Drive to Longling two or three times a month and choose your own materials. "At that time, the seed material was cheap, and the good goods only cost a few hundred yuan."

In the Spring Festival of 2008, his printing company couldn't pay his salary, so he sold the stone he bought in mangshi to a friend for 6.5438+0.8 million yuan. A month later, a friend in Fujian heard about it and asked Tamia Liu to buy it back from his friend at a price of 260,000 yuan, but the friend didn't sell it. Add 65438+ ten thousand, or not to sell. The price given by a friend is 6.5438+0.6 million yuan.

Huang Longyu's market is gradually becoming standardized. In 2009, Longling County held the first Huang Longyu (Raw Materials) Expo, which has been held for three times. Jewelry Store Street in Baita Watertown is the most professional trading market in Huang Longyu at present, and there are no other projects except Huang Longyu. Here, there is a book named China National Treasure-Huang Longyu on the table of every jewelry store. This book, printed on coated paper, costs 168 yuan, and is more than 270 pages thick. It introduces in detail the evaluation, appreciation guide, appraisal, production status and distribution of Huang Longyu from all walks of life.

The chief planner and editor-in-chief of the book is Tamia Liu, who is also the director of the Huang Longyu Professional Committee of the Yunnan Ornamental Stone Association. In June this year, 65438+ 10 1, a jewelry collector in Xi 'an saw this book in Fuzhou, named Tamia Liu, and ordered 65438+ million copies. I heard that it would be revised, and ordered another 65438+ million copies.

This is the most informative book about Huang Longyu at present, and the latest crazy price increase in Huang Longyu occurred after the publication of this book. The duty of Huang Longyu Professional Committee is to conduct "scientific research and market promotion" for Huang Longyu. Their latest plan is to co-produce a documentary about Huang Longyu with the "Exploration and Discovery" section of CCTV.

Unrecognized

What kind of crazy rock is this? Its Mohs hardness is 6.5-7, which is equivalent to jadeite, slightly lower than crystal and higher than Hetian jade. Its structure is exquisite, and the fracture surface is young and weak. Its toughness is slightly lower than Hetian jade and slightly higher than jadeite. Its main component is silicon dioxide ... all its features are between jade and stone in the eyes of experts.

Therefore, even if he is worth millions of yuan, Huang Longyu's true identity is still the focus of debate in the industry.

Dr. Wang Chunyun, a famous jade scholar and Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, insisted that "Huang Longyu is not jade". He thinks that "Huang Longyu" has obvious brittleness rather than high toughness, and its voice is plain rather than graceful, so "Huang Longyu" obviously cannot be regarded as "real jade" such as jadeite and hetian jade. He has repeatedly called for it to be appropriate for Huang Longyu to re-use its previous name, yellow wax stone, because it will not mislead the market-ordinary people may mistake "Huang Longyu" for "real jade" to buy, but they will never pay for yellow wax stone as "real jade".

Experts and scholars in Yunnan disagree with this view. Tamia Liu, director of Huang Longyu Professional Committee of Yunnan Ornamental Stone Association, and others believe that this superstitious and technocratic view is not conducive to the inheritance and development of jade culture in China. The definition of Huang Longyu should be comprehensively evaluated from many attributes such as science and technology, aesthetics, culture, market and collection.

The troubles caused by this are not limited to the origin and definition.

Huang Yongsheng, director of the Policy Research Office of the People's Court of Longling County, pointed out through the analysis of the mass incidents caused by Huang Longyu mining industry and the criminal cases that have occurred, judging from the series of "Huang Longyu" cases that have been tried, it can be predicted that bribery, illegal business operation, smuggling and other cases related to "Huang Longyu" will probably be induced in the future, and the investigation and handling of these cases will inevitably involve the value, price and amount standards of "Huang Longyu".

The trouble in reality is that whether "Huang Longyu" belongs to ore in the National Classification of Mineral Resources has not been accurately defined. Therefore, there is no accurate definition of Huang Longyu in the legal sense, and the concept of subject matter is not clear. Although the Yunnan Provincial Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision has issued the "Huang Longyu Classification Standard", the state has not yet given a scientific name and issued an appraisal standard for Huanglongyu.

Secondly, how to identify the value, who will identify it, and what is the standard and basis for identification. In the cases involving "Huang Longyu" that have been tried, the most difficult problem is price appraisal. So far, there is no legal and authoritative appraisal agency to respond, and there is no corresponding appraisal standard to measure it. If it is a suspected crime and needs to be identified, it cannot be identified and has to be downgraded to a public security case. For example, recent cases of stealing and robbing Huang Longyu have occurred from time to time, but the value of the subject matter cannot be valued, and it is impossible to determine whether the nature of the case is illegal or criminal, whether it is a minor criminal offence or a serious criminal offence.

But these things are far from Mo Zengxiao and Jia Zhimin. The wind is blowing and the machine is roaring. All they know is that in this crazy place, selling flashlights, selling white oil, selling diesel engines or opening restaurants can make a lot of money. They look for value in the drizzle and the harsh sound of the wind drilling rig.