The history of Mount Tai

Mount Tai, the head of the five mountains in China, was called Daishan in ancient times, also known as Daizong. Located in the middle of Shandong Province, within the territory of Tai 'an City, it stands among the mountains in the middle of Shandong Province, with the main peak Yuhuangding at an altitude of 1532.7 meters. Mount Tai is one of the first national scenic spots in China, and it is also a natural museum of art and history.

physical geography

Mount Tai was originally named Daishan, also known as Daizong. Located between Jinan, Changqing, Feicheng and Tai 'an. Its southern foot begins in Tai 'an and its northern foot ends in Jinan, covering an area of 426 square kilometers in Fiona Fang. The main peak is located at Yuhuangding, Tai 'an City, with an altitude of1532.7m.. The relative height difference is about 1300m.

Geological genetic speculation

Mount Tai was formed in the middle Cenozoic about 30 million years ago. The strata in Taishan area are ancient, mainly composed of migmatite, mixed granite and various gneiss, belonging to Archean rocks, dating back about 2.4-2.5 billion years. Mount Tai (including) in the west of Shandong Province was once a huge subsidence zone or trough. The orogeny uplifted the strata in the subsidence zone into an ancient land, forming a huge mountain system, which gradually became flat after 2 billion years of weathering and erosion. About 600 million years ago, Mount Tai sank to the bottom of the sea again, and another 654.38 billion years passed. The whole area was once again carried to land, and the ancient Mount Tai rose to a relatively low barren hill. In the late Mesozoic, about 6,543.8 billion years ago, due to the compression and subduction of the Pacific plate to the Eurasian plate, the Taishan formation was widely folded and fractured under the influence of Yanshan movement. In the frequent crustal movements, Mount Tai rose rapidly, all of which happened in the middle Cenozoic about 30 million years ago. Today, the outline of Mount Tai has basically taken shape.

Climatic vegetation

Because Mount Tai is high, the climate changes vertically, with a warm temperate zone at the foot and a middle temperate zone above. There are many clouds on the mountain, and the average annual precipitation is 1 132mm, while it is only 750mm below the mountain. The vegetation coverage rate of Mount Tai is 80%. Deciduous forest, broad-leaved mixed forest, coniferous forest and alpine shrub grass can be seen in turn on the foothills. The vertical boundary of forest belt is clear and the vegetation landscape is different. There are 989 species of seed plants 144 families, including 433 species of woody plants, 556 species of herbaceous plants and 462 species of medicinal plants 1 1 family.

human landscape

Taishan sunrise

[Editor] Macroscopic influence of human history

Mount Tai is magnificent and has beautiful scenery. In ancient myths and legends in China, after Pangu's death, his head became Mount Tai. According to Records of Historical Records, "The sky is high, so Mount Tai Zen rites are set up to worship it, which is close to the gods." The ancients described that "Mount Tai swallowed West China, suppressed South Heng, drove Middle Song, and learned North Heng, which was the length of the five mountains". According to the ancient traditional culture, the East is the place where all things alternate and early spring occurs, so Mount Tai has the reputation of "the length of five mountains" and "the exclusive respect of five mountains". Because of its majestic momentum, it is the first of the five mountains, so it has the reputation of "the first mountain in the world". Fossil remains of Xintai people 50,000 years ago and Yiyuan people 400,000 years ago show the early human activities in this area. Dawenkou culture at the southern foot of Mount Tai and Longshan culture at the northern foot also reflect the activities of clan tribes in the early Yellow River basin. During the Warring States Period, Qi built a 500-kilometer-long Great Wall along Mount Tai to the Yellow Sea, and now the Great Wall site still exists. After entering the Qin and Han Dynasties, Mount Tai gradually became a symbol of political power.

For thousands of years, the natural landscape of Mount Tai has been integrated with the emperor's meditation, poetry rendering, craftsman art and scientific investigation, which constitutes the landscape of Mount Tai. A landscape pattern with the main peak as the center and three spaces (Tai 'an City with Dai Temple as the center, "Defoe in Cao Yin" in Li Hao, southwest of the city, and "Tianfu in Fairyland" above Nantianmen) distributed radially (the landscape belt connecting these three spaces, mainly the central axis of Dai Temple extending northward to Yuhuang Peak). From Tai 'an City at the foot of the mountain above 150 meters above sea level to Zhongtianmen at 847 meters above sea level, Nantianmen at 1460 meters above sea level and Yuhuangding at 1545 meters above sea level, a unique landscape of Mount Tai has been formed.

The end of Zen sacrifice

After thousands of years of cultural accumulation, there are many human landscapes on Mount Tai. Mount Tai is the center of Qilu culture and one of the important cradles of ancient civilization in China. According to the documents of ancient dynasties in China, this mountain is often the place where emperors set up altars to pray for the prosperity of the country and the people and hold Buddhist ceremonies. According to legend, 72 leaders came here to patrol and sacrifice in ancient times. Since the Qin Dynasty, there were 12 emperors in ancient China who came here to worship Zen. The first person to hold a large-scale meditation ceremony here was Qin Shihuang, who left behind the legends of the five great men of lofty ideals. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty climbed Mount Tai eight times and marveled at "Senior One! Extremely Big! Special! Be strong! He Yi! Terrible! Confused! " . The worship of Zen in Mount Tai has become an extremely grand ceremony in the history of China. It is believed that every emperor who rises from the opposite sex or shows great achievements will be given an auspicious "Fu Rui" by the gods, who is qualified to report the achievements of Mount Tai and thank his kindness. This has formed the tradition of the Taishan ceremony.

"Sealing" is to gather soil on the top of Mount Tai and build a round altar to worship the Emperor of Heaven, so as to increase the height of Mount Tai and show the merits of heaven; "Zen" is to build a square altar on the hill below the mountain to worship the gods and increase the thickness of the land to repay the kindness of the rich. The frustum and the square altar represent a circular place. If a generation of emperors climb Mount Tai, it will be regarded as a symbol of world peace and national prosperity. And the emperor himself became a veritable real dragon emperor. Therefore, Ban Gu, a historian of the Han Dynasty, said in "White Tiger and Phoenix Zen": "If you rise from the opposite sex, you will rise to Mount Tai. Why? The significance of the report is also. At the beginning of the order, the system should be based on heaven, the world is peaceful, and the retreat is peaceful. So why must it be Mount Tai? Everything is difficult at the beginning, and there are explanations. "

Religious influence

Buddhism in Zengfu Temple was introduced to Mount Tai in the middle of the 4th century. In 35 1 year, the eminent monk Langgong went to Daiyin in Taishan for the first time to establish Langgong Temple and Lingyan Temple. During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, the larger temples on Mount Tai were Huangsi, Shenbao Temple and Zhao Pu Temple. The famous Taishan Mountain Valley is a Buddhist classic "Diamond Sutra" carved by northern Qi people. During the Tang and Song Dynasties, Lingyan Temple was extremely prosperous. Li Jifu, the prime minister of the Tang Dynasty, called Mount Taishan Lingyan Temple one of the "four wonders" in the world.

Taoism: According to legend, during the Warring States period, the alchemist lived in seclusion in Daiyin Cave; After the Qin and Han Dynasties, there were many temples, among which Chi (An), Laojun Temple, Doumu Palace (Longquan Temple), Temple, Houshiwu Temple and yuanshi county Tianzun Temple have been preserved to this day. Among them, Wang Mu pond is the earliest, which was built 220 years ago. Bi Xia Temple has the greatest influence.

Scholars and writers

For thousands of years, Mount Tai's natural landscape has been integrated with cultural factors such as emperor meditation, religious mythology, artistic conception of painting and calligraphy, rendering of poetry, craftsman art and so on, which constitutes a huge aesthetic culture of Mount Tai. Celebrities such as Confucius and Du Fu have been to this mountain and left poems. Confucius' famous saying is "Climbing Mount Tai is a small world"; Du Fu's poem "Wang Yue"; Yao Nai's prose "Climbing Mount Tai" and so on.

Taishan stone carving

Emperors of all previous dynasties climbed Mount Tai to offer sacrifices to heaven and tell the earth, Confucianism and Taoism explained the Tao, preached and taught the classics, and cultural celebrities climbed high to win, leaving a dazzling array of inscriptions, cliff carvings and couplets, and the cliff carvings in Mount Tai are also the most famous mountains. There are more than 800 stone carvings on Mount Tai 100, including more than 800 stone tablets and more than 0/00 stone carvings on Cliff, which are generally distributed in Daimiao 157, Dai Lu 2 15, Dengshan East Road 576, Daiding 258, Daixi 80 and Daiyin 44. Stone carvings mainly include five categories: the memorial of emperor's closed-door meditation ceremony, the creation and reconstruction of temples, the inscription of stone-carved Tibetan Classics Pavilion, ode to Dai poetry, Jingsheng and couplets, and most of them are natural stone carvings.

1987, declared by UNESCO as a double heritage of world culture and nature, is one of the few double heritages in the world.

Scenic spots/tourist attractions

Daimiao Medicine Pavilion, Zhengyangmen, Tang Huaiyuan, Dongyuzuo, Qintaishan Stone Carving, Tongting, Daimiao Square, Bai Han, Tianlong Temple, Dazhong Bridge, Wuxian Temple, Sanyangguan, Feng Yuxiang's Tomb, Zhao Pu Temple, Hushan Park, Wang Muchi, Triassic Waterfalls, Zuishi, Dui Songshan Mountain, Zhongtianmen and Confucius Landing. Xianrenqiao, Wushan Temple, Confucius Temple, Tianjie, Yuhuangding, Bi Xia Temple, Nantianmen, Gongbei Stone, Tangmoya, Beitianmen, Da/Xiaotian Candle Peak, Wangtianmen, Yaoguanding, Song Sisters, Temple, Sansan Waterfall, Tianzhu Waterfall, yuquan temple, Houshiwu, Qingtongjian, Chikulinji and Wuji Temple.

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