Zheng Zhilong's identity

Zheng Zhilong (1604-1662), also known as Zheng, is a native of Shijing Township, Nan 'an, Quanzhou, Fujian. He was the leader of the largest maritime and military group in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties. He was an official of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the father of Zheng Chenggong and the pioneer of the Zheng Dynasty in Taiwan Province.

A detailed biography

[Edit this paragraph] 1. Make a fortune overseas

His ancestors lived in Gushi County (now Huangzhou County, Henan Province). "I entered Fujian between Zhengzitang and Guangqi, or in Sanshan (Fuzhou), Pupu (Putian), Zhangzhou (Zhangzhou) and Chaozhou (Chaozhou). Alone, husband, five lang, Tibetan scholar, two or three relatives, if possible, dill attached, that is, the combination, so in the lower reaches of Yangtze Mountain (Nan 'an County, Quanzhou) Ishii home. "

In the thirty-second year of Wanli in Ming Dynasty (1604), Zheng Zhilong was born in a small bureaucratic family in Shijing, Nan 'an. His original name was an official, and his word flew yellow, and later he was renamed Zhilong. Dutch literature case, pronounced in Minnan, spelled Iquan, or Lian Jiao's name is Nicholas Iquan.

Ishii is a fishing village in southern Fujian, while Zheng is "not so lonely" and studied maritime affairs since childhood. Waiji in Taiwan Province Province said that he was "easy-going, did not like reading, was muscular, and had a good fist stick", indulged himself, drifted away and lost his father's love.

At the age of seventeen, Zheng went with his brothers Zhihu and Zhibao to Xiangshan 'ao (Macau), one of the locations of the Chinese and foreign trade centers at that time, and took refuge in his uncle Huang Cheng. Huang Cheng is a maritime merchant engaged in overseas trade in Macao. He left Zheng as a helper to help with the business. Zheng showed his wisdom and talent in business competition and interest competition, learned business and trade, went to Manila, and learned Lusita and Portuguese. In his contacts with the Portuguese, influenced by them, he was baptized by Catholicism and took his Christian name Jasper and another name Nicholas. Foreigners call him Nikolai Guan Yi.

Huang Cheng bought a boat to do business and sold it very well in the East. Seeing that Zheng Yi is a capable official, he will be sent to Japan by Li Dan (Quanzhou native) in the third year of tomorrow (1623) to escort a batch of goods such as sugar, Qin 'an, musk and deerskin. From Xiangshan Bay to Japan, I lived in Nagasaki. In a strange place, I began to "sell shoes" or "sew people's mouths". Later, he switched to business and sold sugar, runnan, musk and other things for his uncle Huang Cheng. Zheng was engaged in commercial activities and foreign trade, and later came to Li Dan's door to help him do business. He became a subordinate of Li Dan, the most powerful maritime merchant at that time. "Taking this as his father's business" Li Dan was rich in capital, owned a fleet and was good at overseas trade. He was the leader of local overseas Chinese. Li Dan felt that an official was capable and reliable, so he "pampered him like a godson" and gave him some assets and boats to go to Vietnam to do business and profit from it. Within a few years, Zheng became a tycoon. He often traveled between China and Japan and lived in Japan for overseas Chinese.

Zheng was also keen on learning fencing, and met Zheng, a "Quanzhou Metallurgist Weng" who started out as a "casting swords for the duke", as an overseas Chinese leader. He paid an audience with Japanese shogunate general Yu (now Shizuoka) and asked about China. He was overjoyed and ordered to be entertained at Nagasaki Hotel. Zheng was summoned by the shogunate, and the Japanese regarded him as a glorious and prominent figure. Naturally, local nobles often make friends and are called "Laoguan Yi".

Hirado Island was the foreign trade center of Japan at that time, and merchant ships from various countries gathered. Because Zheng is familiar with overseas affairs and good at diplomacy, he is valued by the Japanese government. After his initial call, he "visited Zhuangke repeatedly". After moving to Fate, the family was known by Hou Songpu. He gave the new house to a homestead in Puqianlibin, Hanoi, near Nagasaki (now Qianlibin, Songpu County, Nagasaki Prefecture) and introduced the marriage of the daughter of the Emperor, the secretary of the Hirado family.

Weng Yu, the Jade Emperor of Lany, is an expatriate from China who moved to Pinghu (a maritime merchant in Quanzhou, Japan), and is a Lany family in Japan. Lany Ji is the daughter of Emperor Weng Xu, so she is also called Weng Shi. Seventeen-year-old Tian has a kind nature. Married the following year, starting four years tomorrow (1624), 14 years old, Jiazi in July, Tian Qianli in Wenbei, Russia is going to have a baby, and he didn't go home. He was born because of the boulder on the shore, and for his eldest son, Zheng Chenggong (nicknamed Fu Song). This stone is called the children's birthday stone, and the monument of "Zheng Chenggong's birthday stone" is still standing today. Saemon, the second son of 1629.

[Edit this paragraph] Second, business is also stolen.

/kloc-in the first half of the 0/7th century, the Dutch have become a "superpower" in the western marine economic circles. Their military and commercial complex "East India Company" intercepted Portuguese and Spanish merchant ships everywhere, captured Iberian overseas fortresses and kiosks, established kiosks in Hirado, Japan, and established a base camp in Batavia (now Jakarta). 1622, the Dutch occupied Penghu, and Li Dan mediated to persuade the Dutch to quit and transfer Taiwan Province Province.

Zheng's personality cannot be quiet. Tomorrow will be the fourth year (1624), and at the end of 1, Zheng Liutian and his unborn son will be sent to Penghu by Li Dan as a general affairs (translator) for the Dutch. However, the Dutch confronted the Ming army and there was no contact between the two sides. It is impossible for China businessmen to trade with the Dutch, so Zheng's general affairs are useless. 1624 On February 20th, the commander of the Dutch fleet occupying Penghu wrote to the Governor of the East India Company, De Carpenter, saying, "Its long-awaited sailboat set sail from Japan on June +2654381October +0 and arrived here at the end of the month. ... we accepted a general manager from Japan. Although we gave him generous treatment, it is useless to us at present. "

However, in order to monopolize the trade with China, the Dutch ordered some Japanese ships to plunder along the coast of China. Zheng is also one of the pirates who cooperated with the Netherlands to intercept Chinese sailboats bound for Manila in the Taiwan Province Strait. Dewette, who later served as the second chief of Taiwan Province in the Netherlands, is now serving in Penghu. He wrote in a letter: "With the approval of Commander Reyoz, we expect to gather 20 or 30 Chinese sailboats here every day, and the general manager will be sent to the north to intercept and capture some ships."

At the turn of summer and autumn in the same year, the Dutch withdrew from Penghu under the pressure of the Ming army and moved to Taiwan Province Province (now Anping, Tainan), and built two forts, namely "Gran Shelter" and "Chibian City" in Taiwan Province, occupying the south of Taiwan Province Province. In the same year, two colonial countries, Holland and Spain, competed for the sovereignty of Taiwan Province Province. The Netherlands won and monopolized the whole province of Taiwan Province. This is the first time in history that Taiwan Province Province was occupied by foreigners.

Shortly after Zheng established a foothold with the Dutch at Daguan (now Anping, Tainan), he was ordered by the Dutch to lead several Chinese sailboats to attack China ships that went to Manila to trade with the Spanish, and did not return to Daguan until March 20th of the following year (1625).

In April and May of the fifth year starting tomorrow (1625), perhaps there was not much development under the Dutch, or perhaps because of the order of his adoptive father Li Dan, Zheng left the Netherlands and started his career as a businessman and a maritime thief. By the end of April, 1625, he had been active in the Taiwan Province Strait with his subordinates. A Dutch captain once wrote to Song Ke, the first chief executive of Taiwan Province, saying, "On Sunday, April 27th, … suddenly, an official, as a leader and a representative, followed by seven or eight swordsmen greeted us."

Two months later, Li Dan, the leader of overseas Chinese in Nagasaki and Hirado, applied to Sheikh Song Ke for permission to sail and set off for Hirado on July 3, but died in Hirado on August 12, more than a month later. After Li Dan's death, all his industries and undertakings in Taiwan Province Province were owned by Zheng, which created conditions for Zheng to merge with other Han armed forces existing in Taiwan Province Province at that time (mainly in today's Yunlin Beigang area) and recruit from the mainland to Taiwan Province.

[Edit this paragraph] Third, dominate Taiwan Province Province.

Yan Siqi (1589 ~ 1625) was born in Haicheng County, Zhangzhou. Bold, generous, burly, good at martial arts. In the forty years of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (16 12), Yan Siqi was bullied by the imperial court, killed his servant in anger, fled to Japan, worked as a tailor, and engaged in Sino-Japanese maritime trade. A few years later, he became rich. In the meantime, Yan Siqi forged a deep friendship with Yang Tiansheng, a Jinjiang shipowner who often went to Nagasaki for trade, and met a group of Minnan people who lived in Japan for overseas exploration. Because he is a hero, he is famous far and wide, and the Hirado authorities in Japan appointed him as a snail (leader)

In the fourth year of tomorrow (1624), Yan Siqi and others were dissatisfied with the shogunate's rule in Texas, Japan, plotted to rebel and took part in the resistance struggle of the Japanese people. On June 15th of the lunar calendar, Yan Siqi married twenty-eight people, including Yang Tiansheng, (Haicheng) and Zheng, and many people elected Yan Siqi as their leader. Unfortunately, the shogunate sent troops to search, and Yan Siqi led the people to flee in thirteen ships in panic. When driving to the outer island of Zhouzaiwei on the west coast of Jiuzhou, Chen Zhongji suggested: "I heard that Ryukyu (formerly known as Taiwan Province Province) is a desert island at sea, which controls the southeast and has fertile land. Now, if you take the land first and then invade the four sides, you can help others. "

On August 23rd of the lunar calendar, Yan Siqi led a fleet to Taiwan Province Province, landed in Hong Kong (now Beigang), and led many people to cut down trees and chisel civil villages. At the same time, Yang Tiansheng was sent to lead a fleet of more than 3,000 people to Zhang Quan's hometown to recruit immigrants. Yan Siqi divided the farmers into ten villages, divided them into silver, cattle and farm tools, and started the earliest large-scale reclamation activities in Taiwan Province Province. At the same time, organize sea fishing and island hunting, develop mountain and sea economy and solve the material needs of immigrants' production and life.

In September of the fifth year of Ming Dynasty (1625), Yan Siqi and his party went hunting in Zhuluo Mountain, overeating and unfortunately contracted typhoid fever. A few days later, he became ill and died young at the age of 37. He was buried at the top of Jianshan Mountain at the junction of Shuishang Township and Zhongpu Township in Chiayi County. Before his death, Yan Siqi summoned all the people to tell him: "I have been on an equal footing with the public for two years. During this period, I made great achievements and made China famous all over the world. If this ambition is unsuccessful, the middle road will die and wait for it. " After Yan Siqi's death, in December, the people elected Zheng as the leader, followed his business, set up a flag to recruit soldiers, set up staff officers, generals, supervisors, left and right advisers, unified village representatives, and established Zheng's local ruling regime, which began to take shape.

After Zheng started his business, he recruited,, Yang Geng and others from Fujian. He divided his subordinates into eighteen pioneers and became "eighteen knowers", and renamed them "Zhilong" instead of "one official". Zheng Zhilong continued the great cause of reclamation and became the largest armed group at sea at that time. "I know all about the actual situation in the mainland. Attracted by years and tempted by money, I gathered hundreds of ships and gathered tens of thousands of disciples ... Li Xian (business) people robbed the rich and helped the poor, and those who came did not refuse. " (Jiang Risheng: "Volume 1 of Taiwan Province Province")

Starting from six to seven years tomorrow (1626 ~ 1627), there will be a severe drought in southern Fujian, and Songkhla will be everywhere, and many villages will eat up the grass roots and bark. In February of the lunar calendar, Zheng Zhilong took advantage of his fleet to attack Zhangpu, Fujian, plundering Jinmen, Zhongzuosuo (now Xiamen) and Jinghai, Jiazi and other places in Guangdong, and soon returned to Fujian, then attacked Xiamen, attacked Tongshan (Dongshan), sank into the old city, defeated Jinmen guerrillas and Fujian company commanders, and crossed the southeast sea. The momentum was invincible and officers and men ran away. During the raid, Zheng Zhilong and others also called on tens of thousands of hungry people in Quanzhou to go to Taiwan for reclamation, and the hungry and unemployed people along the coast competed for refuge. In this battle, Zheng Zhilong defeated the officers and men and Xu Xinsu, making Xiamen the territory of the Zheng family, and its power became stronger and stronger. Officers and men can't be enemies, which also represents the rise of Quanzhou Gang.

[Edit this paragraph] 4. Receiving harness

The Dutch can't rule the waters around China yet. The reason is that the eastern marine economic world is not a blank of power. The Ming government retreated from the sea, and maritime merchants and pirates became the rulers of the sea. The increasing expansion of Zheng Zhilong's maritime power aroused the fear of the Ming rulers and sent troops to pursue them many times, but all failed. The Ming government was unable to destroy Zheng Zhilong. In order to use this maritime force to compete with the Dutch and suppress other "pirates", it had to appease Zheng Zhilong.

In the seventh year of the Apocalypse (1627), Cai Shan, who was already the magistrate of Quanzhou, was appointed as the patrol of Quanzhou in the Ming Dynasty and courted Zheng Zhilong. Zheng Zhilong led the crowd to Quanzhou and met Cai Shanji. After the meeting, Zheng Zhilong's younger brothers Zheng Zhihu and Zheng Zhibao thought that the court was insincere, so they encouraged Zheng Zhilong and others to leave Quanzhou immediately and live a life of dominating the sea again.

Due to the great development of Zheng Zhilong's influence, it also posed a great threat to the Dutch colonists. As soon as the Dutch ship appeared in the Sea of China, it was intercepted by the Zheng Zhilong Group. So in the seventh year of the Apocalypse (1627), the Dutch army stationed in Taiwan had a war with Zheng Jun, and the Dutch army was defeated.

After Emperor Chongzhen ascended the throne, he immediately sued Zheng Zhilong in July of the first year of Chongzhen (1628). Zheng Zhilong said that it is his duty to "cut foreign invaders and suppress thieves". In September, he visited Xiong Wencan, the governor of Fujian Province, and led his troops to lower the Ming Dynasty. He was appointed as the "Five Tiger Guerrilla General" and left Taiwan Province Province, a maritime trade base where he had been operating for many years, to sit in the Minhai Sea. At this time, Zheng Zhilong has more than 30,000 people and 1000 ships.

In the first year of Chongzhen in the Ming Dynasty (1628), there was another drought in southern Fujian, and there were many hungry people. With Xiong Wencan's support, Zheng Zhilong once again recruited tens of thousands of victims in Zhang Quan and Quan Quan, "one person gave three taels of silver and three people gave a cow", and transported them to Taiwan Province Province for reclamation and settlement. In Taiwanese history, Zheng Zhilong was the first person to organize large-scale immigration.

In the third year of Chongzhen in Ming Dynasty (1630), Ji Chun and Zheng Zhilong built a luxurious mansion in Anhai Town, Jinjiang, which lasted for 3 years and 2 months. Anping has become Zheng Zhilong's military stronghold and maritime trade base. According to the local records of Jiaqing Chidian in Qing Dynasty, Fuzheng is located in the north of Anping Bridge, west to Xigang, north to Taitou, south to Pingqiaotou in Lin 'an, and directly to Wugang Port, with an area of 138 mu. The main structure is 13 intermittent mountain-type five-bay, three-way door and double fire lane with five entrances to the courtyard. Rooms, pavilions and pavilions on both sides are opposite and surrounded by barriers. There is Dunren Pavilion in the east, Taiyun Building in the west, a Catholic church in the front hall and a filial piety hall in the middle hall. There is a "Zhiyuan Garden" behind the big pavilion, surrounded by walls, sparsely covered with hills and valleys, pavilions, exquisite houses, ponds, small bridges, winding paths, lush trees and exotic flowers. In the 12th year of Shunzhi in Qing Dynasty (1655), Zheng Chenggong destroyed his home, regained his sight and set himself on fire.

[Edit this paragraph] V. Jinghai Yangwei Case

After Zheng Zhilong was surrendered by the Ming Dynasty, Liu Xiang, who had fought side by side with him, was unwilling to go to Guangdong to continue looting at sea. Xiang Liu forces colluded with the Netherlands, posing a great threat to Zheng Zhilong for a period of time. After the rise of Xiang Liu forces in Guangdong, the situation in the Taiwan Strait became turbulent again. Zou William, the new governor of Fujian Province, announced the resumption of the maritime ban and urged Zheng Zhilong to stop private trade between Taiwan Province Province and the Netherlands. Zheng Zhilong is eager to sweep away Xiang Liu. Prior to this, Li and Li, who were the former headquarters of Zheng Zhilong, also defected successively, but they were all caught by Zheng Zhilong. Liu Xiang became the last opponent of the pirates he had teamed up with, and also the most difficult force to deal with.

1632 On February 4th, Zheng Zhilong and Xiang Liu's fleet met near Fuzhou, and a bloody battle took place. From morning till night, both sides suffered 800 ~ 1000 casualties. Zheng Zhihu, Zheng Zhilong's younger brother, was wounded twice and rushed into the enemy lines. He was entangled by Liu Xiangren with four-claw anchors and chains, and he could hardly get away. Later, his people were desperate to save him. Xiang Liu himself fled to the south. In July of the sixth year of Chongzhen in Ming Dynasty (1633), hans putmans, the new Dutch chief of Taiwan Province, tried to seize the mainland coast by force to force the Ming Dynasty to open its trade. With the help of Xiang Liu, he sent eight warships without warning, and launched a surprise attack on Zheng Zhilong and Ming officers and soldiers who had just returned to Xiamen after chasing Liu Xiang. More than 20 warships of Zheng Zhilong and Ming Dynasty officers and soldiers were sunk, burned and sunk in the harbor. These ships were Zheng Zhilong's elite troops and the most advanced maritime armed fleet in China at that time. They are well-equipped, equipped with 16 guns, 20 to 36 guns.

After the troops stationed in Xiamen in the Ming Dynasty were severely beaten by the Dutch, Xiamen officials took a conciliatory attitude, found someone to dredge them, and expressed their willingness to inform people in Xiamen, Kinmen, Archipelago, Gulangyu and nearby islands to send 25 cows, 25 pigs and 100 chickens, hoping that the Dutch would stop hurting people and let them continue farming with peace of mind. In September, Putman joined Xiang Liu's official in Taiwan Province Province, and prepared to attack Zheng Zhilong again.

Zou, the governor of Fujian, mobilized all the generals and assembled a large number of captains, ready to beat the Dutch invaders. Zheng Zhilong, the "General of the Five Tigers Guerrilla", was the vanguard of the battle and was actually responsible for the operation and command of this campaign. Zheng Zhilong sailed through Zhangzhou Haicheng and vowed to set out. Soon, in the encounter in Penghu, a Dutch ship was burned, a Dutch general was captured alive and hundreds of Dutch soldiers were drowned. 10 10 On October 22nd, about 150 sailboats (including 50 super-large warships) led by Zheng Zhilong overtook 9 Dutch ships and more than 50 Liuxiang ships in Liuluo Bay, Jinmen. Zheng Zhilong, eager for revenge, courageously took the lead, hooked their ships with iron hooks and set them on fire. * * * burned a Dutch speedboat and captured another. Xiang Liu was defeated in the Cold War, and Putman returned to Taiwan Province Province in a panic.

Zou, governor of Fujian, said in the book of victory: "This time, a fake king and several Yi party leaders were captured alive, thousands of Yi people were burned, 1 18 Yi people were captured alive, 20 Yi-class ships were burned, 5 Yi-class ships were burned, one Yi deck ship was seized, and more than 50 Yi thief ships were destroyed ...

After this battle, Zheng Zhilong gained great momentum, so Putmansi had to give up colluding with Xiang Liu and mend fences with Zheng Zhilong. Instead, he expressed his hope to seek trade with China in Taiwan Province province instead of Fujian, and sent Zheng Zhilong's ship to Taiwan Province province for trade. Zheng Zhilong didn't make enemies for a long time, so under the mediation and coordination of Tongan businessman Lin, who lives in Geelan City, the two sides agreed to trade. So Fujian merchant ships began to arrive in Taiwan Province Province. According to the historical data of the East India Company, if the company wants to survive, it must pull out the thorn on the foot of an official. The power of Zheng Zhilong can be imagined.

Xiang Liu, who narrowly escaped death, was dissatisfied with the reconciliation between the Dutch and Zheng Zhilong. 1before dawn on April 9th, 634, under the cover of the moon, more than 600 people attacked the Dutch castle, the Castle of Hot Land (now Anping, Tainan), and climbed the city wall with a ladder. Discovered by the Dutch sentry, Xiang Liu led his troops to flee after shooting and shelling. A few days later, the pirates left Taiwan Province Province from Kaohsiung. On May 20th, he met Zheng Zhilong in Kinmen, and Li Guozhu, the son of Li Dan, defected to the Ming army.

In the eighth year of Chongzhen in Ming Dynasty (1635), on May 23rd, Zheng Zhilong defeated Xiang Liu's maritime armed forces in Tianweiyang, Guangdong Province, and Xiang Liu set himself on fire. But in this battle, Zheng Zhihu, Zheng Zhilong's beloved brother, died unfortunately. After Xiang Liu's death, peace was restored in the Taiwan Province Strait, and China merchant ships, afraid of being ambushed by pirates, began to flow to Taiwan Province Province. For example, in the three months of 1636, 1, 12, there were only 33 ships from the mainland to Taiwan Province province, 29 in August of the following year, and as many as 3 1 in June, 1638.

Zheng Zhilong cut off the wolves, incorporated the sea power into the local government system, gained the sea power, and legally controlled the operation of the East Atlantic trading system. In the 12th year of Chongzhen (1639), Japan locked the country and withdrew from the maritime competition in East Asia. Dutch colonists must also reach a maritime navigation and trade agreement with Zheng, stipulating that the trade between the Netherlands and Japan must be transported to Taiwan Province Province through Zheng Zhilong, and then transferred to Japan for sale. As a result, Zheng Zhilong has become the only force in the eastern marine world.

At this time, Li, Yang Qi, and other armed groups in the southeast were all ordered by Zheng Zhilong. In a few years, Zheng Zhilong leveled the Yuekou, recruited Li, repelled the invasion of Xiamen, Zhanghe and wiped out the giant thieves at sea. The governor of Fujian said to the imperial court, "It is unprecedented for more than ten years at sea that the dragon fruit has made outstanding achievements and captured its ugliness." In the 13th year of Chongzhen in the Ming Dynasty (1640), Zheng Zhilong was promoted to be the company commander of Fujian by the Ming court, and was in charge of this matter.

[Edit this paragraph] VI. red merchant

After removing the obstacles at sea, Zheng Zhilong Group said: "Since then, the maritime atmosphere has been quite good. Merchants at home and abroad use Zheng's banner to sell foreign goods, so safety is guaranteed, and businessmen have twenty times the benefits. Zhilong makes full use of Li Hai's traffic and shows his talents. "

He used the navigation and commercial base in Anping Town, Quanzhou, to break the official maritime ban and prosper the maritime market. This armed fleet has a clear-cut flag and is powerful in Ge Jia, sailing between China's coastal areas, Taiwan Province Province, Macau, Japan and the Philippines, making full use of its power and financial resources, expanding maritime trade and almost monopolizing China's trade with overseas countries. "Since the stroke, Zheng Zhilong's ship may not have the flag of Zheng, so we can't contact him. Each boat earns 3,000 yuan and 10 million yuan a year, which makes Zhilong very rich. Since Anping (now Anhai, Jinjiang) was built, seagoing ships can reach the riverbed directly, and can be moored to the sea. ... gossip takes Zheng as the Great Wall. "

With strong armed forces and abundant capital, he competes with the trading companies in the Netherlands, Japan and Nanyang countries in the international market, and is the representative of the combination of government and business and the budding of Chinese capitalism. For the Nanming regime, Zheng's sea power is also the pillar, as Zheng Zhilong said: "The minister pays three customs, the minister takes the sea, and there is no home without the sea."

Zheng Zhilong is engaged in overseas trade, mainly with Japan. According to the Records of Batavia and Hirado Dutch Pavilion of the Dutch East India Company, in the fourth year of Chongzhen (163 1), Zheng Zhilong's two merchant ships returned to Anhai, Quanzhou with goods from Nagasaki. In the 12th year of Chongzhen (1639), dozens of Zheng Zhilong merchant ships sailed for Nagasaki. In the 13th year of Chongzhen (1640), two Zheng Zhilong merchant ships were loaded with yellow and white raw silk, tulle, satin and so on. And shipped to Japan. According to the log book of the Dutch merchant ship in Nagasaki, from 164 1 to 1643 (from 14th to 16th year of Chongzhen), Zheng Zhilong transported a lot of raw silk, various textiles, black and white sugar, musk, poria cocos and other drugs to Japan, which was very popular.

In the summer of the 14th year of Chongzhen in Ming Dynasty (164 1), 22 Zheng Zhilong merchant ships arrived in Nagasaki, Japan from Anping Port in Jinjiang County, accounting for 22.68% of the total number of China merchant ships sailing to Japan that year. The main commodities are raw silk, textiles and porcelain. Zheng Zhilong established trade relations with Portugal and Spain. Some of the silk goods he shipped to Japan were purchased from Macao, and Japanese goods were also shipped to Luzon by him and resold in Spain. Zheng Zhilong made great efforts to develop maritime trade, often loaded with goods such as silk, porcelain and iron, and sailed to Cambodia, Siam, Zhancheng, Jiaotuo, Sambucci, the Philippines, Biti Upa (now Jakarta), Malacca and other countries for trade in exchange for hematoxylin, pepper, ivory and rhinoceros horn. In just a few years, it has become the most powerful competitor of the Dutch East India Company in Asia.

At the end of the Ming Dynasty, Zheng Zhilong and Zheng Chenggong successively set up shipyards in Shijing, Nan 'an, building military and commercial ships, building 35 ships a year and repairing dozens.

[Edit this paragraph] VII. Support the Ming dynasty and resist the Qing dynasty

On the occasion of Dingge in Ming and Qing Dynasties, China was in shock and the world was in chaos. In the seventeenth year of Chongzhen in Ming Dynasty (the first year of Shunzhi in Qing Dynasty, 1644), on March 19th, Li Zicheng led the peasant army to attack Beijing, and Emperor Chongzhen hanged himself in Jingshan Park, and Li Zicheng established the Dashun regime. In the same year, Wu Sangui, the company commander of Shanhaiguan, led the Qing army into the Central Plains, and the Qing army made its capital. After Regent Dourgen of the Qing Dynasty went to Beijing, he turned his back on the guests and swept the leaves with a strong wind. In less than a year, he swept half of the Ming Dynasty. In the second year of Shunzhi (1645), the prince of Yu decided on Jiangnan.

Ma Shiying, Shi Kefa and other adherents of the Ming Dynasty took the throne of the Axe King in Nanjing, and was transferred to Hong Guang in 1645. In order to learn from the Southern Ming Dynasty, Shi Kefa was promoted to Jiangbei. In August, Zheng Zhilong and Zheng Hongkui were the original company commanders, while Annabo and Jing Lubo were blocked.

In the first year of Nanming (1645), Zheng Hongkui and Zijingkou retreated to Hangzhou to welcome Zhu, the king of the Tang Dynasty, into Fujian.

In the second year of Qing Shunzhi (the first year of Nanming Longwu, 1645), in June, Zheng Zhilong, Zheng Hongkui, Fujian Governor Zhang Kentang, Governor Wu Chunzhi, Minister Huang Daozhou, etc. In Fuzhou, Tang Wang was made emperor and changed to Longwu. Zheng Zhilong was named Emperor Pinglu, who held military and political power. Xuan Guogong (the second brother died before him), and the third brother Zheng Hongkui (formerly known as Zheng Zhibiao) was Dingxi Hou, and he was transferred to Dingguogong. The fourth brother, Zheng Zhibao (villain), was named Gilbert, and my nephew, Cai Zheng, was also named Yongsheng Bo. Zheng Jiaguan was the best. In August, Emperor Long wrote to Zheng Zhilong, Duke of Jinping, adding a surname.

[Edit this paragraph] VIII. Clean up your body and die.

In May, the third year of Shunzhi (1646, the second year of Nanming Longwu), Hong Chengchou, an official of the Qing Dynasty, proposed the surrender of Zheng Zhilong to Duo Laubereau, the general of the Southern Qing Dynasty, and wrote to Fujian Imperial Emperor Huang (Jinjiang) to persuade Zheng Zhilong to surrender. In June, the soldiers of the Qing army were divided into Xianxiaguan and fenshuiguan, and advanced to Fujian. Zheng Zhilong had Baylor's book and decided to surrender, but the Zheng Zhilong brothers refused to move forward. In August, Zheng Zhilong withdrew from the water army and returned to Anping, Jinjiang, with five or six hundred ships; Zheng Hongkui, who was guarding Xianxiaguan, fled when he heard the news. The Qing soldiers were trapped in Xianxialing, and Emperor Long ran to Tingzhou, where he was arrested and starved to death in Fu Jeer. On September 19, the Qing general Dolobello took over Fuzhou. Soon, the Qing soldiers captured Xinghua, Quan and Zhang counties. In the same month, Boluo sent Guo, a gentleman from Quanzhou, to Anping to woo Zheng Zhilong and make him the governor of Fujian and Guangdong. Despite Zheng Chenggong's strong protest, Zheng Zhilong went north to the Qing court on 1 1 month 15. 1 1 On October 30th, the Qing soldiers looted Anping, and Mrs. Weng (Tian) hanged herself for fear of humiliation, at the age of 45.

After Zheng Zhilong, he was taken to Beijing, where he was artificially inseminated, Hafan. In the 11th year of Shunzhi (1654), Zheng Zhilong was named Tongan Hou. Zheng Chenggong laid the foundation for the anti-Qing struggle in southern Fujian. In February, the Qing court ordered Zheng Zhilong to send Li De, a family member, and two envoys, Zheng and Jia, to send Haicheng Gong to seal the people in Fujian and successfully surrendered. Fujian Governor Liu Qingtai attached a book to ensure their safety. And sent his brother Zheng Shizhong to persuade him with Zheng Zhilong's book. Zheng Zhibao and Cai Zheng both fell, but Zheng Chenggong was not affected.

In November, Zheng Chenggong sent more than 100 warships from five towns south to meet Li Dingguo, the king of Xining, to help him break the enemy. In December, Zheng Chenggong captured Zhangzhou, which belongs to the ten cities; Turning to spring, the county looks at the wind; Transfer to Fuzhou, Xinghua and other counties. The Qing court had no choice but to send Ye Chengge, a bachelor of imperial court, and Zheng Zhilong's four sons to cross the river, and sent Zhang, Quan, Chao and Hui to divide their troops and order them to enter Fujian. Zheng Chenggong met with the special envoy in Anping and asked him to familiarize himself with the imperial edict. The Qing envoy said, "Since you don't have a haircut, you can't send a letter unless you are the minister of A Qing." I went back to Quanzhou. Zheng Chenggong sneered: "It came suddenly and went suddenly. I expected it to be familiar." It was written to Zheng Zhilong, expressing the reason why he refused to surrender: "My father was already in the valley when he went to see Baylor, and he has won it by luck so far. In case the father is unlucky, it is a fate, and the son will only take revenge for the white mourning to achieve the purpose of loyalty and filial piety. " The Qing court angered Zheng Zhilong in the high wall and Zheng Zhibao in Gu Ningbao Tower.

In the 13th year of Shunzhi (1656), Zheng Chenggong overseer went north, attacked Lianjiang, attacked Luoyuan, Ningde and other cities, and killed Agashang, the general of the Qing army in Huguoling. The earthquake in the Qing court forced Zheng Zhilong to send his family to Ningde to thank the governor Tong Daishu for seeing Zheng Chenggong and persuade him again. Zheng Chenggong angrily rejected it and made Xie Biao get the book back, which naturally attracted him forever.

In the eighteenth year of Shunzhi (166 1), on the first day of the third lunar month, Zheng Chenggong swore allegiance to the sea in Kinmen and marched into Taiwan Province Province. On the first day of April (April 30th of Gregorian calendar), Zheng Jun landed in Taiwan Province Province. On the eighth day of April, he landed in Anping and occupied the south of Taiwan Province Province. In May, Zheng Chenggong attacked the eastern capital of Taiwan Province and changed Chiba City to Chengtianfu. The Dutch surrendered to Anping after defeat. 1On October 3rd, Zheng Zhilong and his descendants 1 1 were killed by the Qing court in Chaicheng, Beijing, and Zheng Laoyou lived in Beijing.

Zheng, as an overseas Chinese leader, paid an audience with the Japanese shogunate to offer medicine in (now Shizuoka) and asked about China. He was overjoyed and ordered someone to entertain him at Nagasaki Hotel. Zheng was summoned by the shogunate, and the Japanese regarded him as a glorious and prominent figure. Naturally, local nobles often make friends and are called "Laoguan Yi".

Tokugawa died at the age of 16 16 and Zheng 12. Suspect that the information is wrong