What is the history of Shamian?

In the light years of Qing Dynasty, there was a battery here. During the First and Second Opium Wars, brilliant achievements were made in resisting foreign aggression. 1963 On September 7th, when Shamian established its capital, two Guangzhou city defense cannons were dug up during the First Opium War. One was cast in Foshan in the 21st year of Daoguang (A.D. 184 1) and weighed 6000 Jin.

These two guns are still displayed on the beach opposite the White Swan Pool. It will be the witness of Guangzhou people's resistance to imperialist aggression and will last forever.

1840 Britain launched the first opium war, and 1842 the Qing government was forced to sign the treaty of nanking, which humiliated the country. From then on, Britain opened the door to armed aggression against China.

1856 British and French imperialism launched the second opium war.

1857 (the seventh year of Xianfeng), the British and French allied forces invaded Guangzhou, and the people of Guangzhou made indomitable resistance.

1858 (the eighth year of Xianfeng), the British and French allied forces made a northern expedition to Dagu, pushing Beijing, and the Qing government knelt down and surrendered. On 26th and 27th of the same year, Emperor Xianfeng sent Gui Liang, a university student, and Hua Shanna, an official minister, as plenipotentiaries to sign the Tianjin Treaty with Britain and France respectively.

1859, Guangzhou Britain and France conspired to establish an invasion base in Guangzhou. They took a fancy to the sand surface, and faced the favorable terrain of the White Swan Pool, they could attack or retreat. A British official named Burke went to Guangzhou to negotiate with the Qing government, forcing the Qing government to dig a stream (now Shajiyong) with a width of 40 meters and a length of 1200 meters, which was separated from the land and made the sand surface an island.

At the same time, a road named Shaji, commonly known as Ghost Base (now Road 623), was opened to the north of Shajiyong, and the East-West Second Bridge was built to cross the sand surface. They also forced the Qing government to demolish the fort by Shamian River, throw the fortress guns and the cornerstone of the fort into the river, and fill the embankment with gravel and mud as a place for them to live and do business. The project cost more than 200,000 yuan, all of which was funded by the Qing government.

186 1 September 3, 2008 (July 29th, 11th year of Xianfeng), Britain and France forced the Qing government to sign the Treaty of Shamian Lease.

Britain occupies 80% of the concession west of Shamian, about 264 mu, and the remaining 66 mu east belongs to France. There is a bridge connecting the mountains in Chinese mainland (the border of China). It is stipulated that the width of the river along the sand surface is 90 feet, and the area near the sand surface is 45 feet, which belongs to the sand surface concession. China ships can't berth. By the end of 19, Shamian Concession has become an urban area independent of Guangzhou, with all kinds of public facilities available.

On June 23rd, 1925, tens of thousands of workers, students and people from all walks of life held an anti-imperialist demonstration in Guangzhou. They turned to Yonghan Road (now Beijing Road), Taikang Road, Yide Road, Taiping South Road (now Renmin South Road) to Chang Di along Ai Hui Road (now Zhongshan Road) and Finance Department, and headed for Shaji (now 623 Road).

At 2: 40 pm, when the front team of the procession had turned into the inner street near the West Bridge and the rear team was about to arrive at the West Bridge, the imperialists set up machine guns in the blockhouses, water towers and Watsons soda factory at the bridge head of the West Bridge and immediately fired wildly at the demonstration procession.

Gunboats from Britain, France, Portugal and other countries moored on the White Swan Pool River also unloaded their guns and opened fire on the demonstrators. 52 people died on the spot and were seriously injured 170 people. This is the "Shaji Massacre", also known as the "June 23 Massacre".

1927 during the revolutionary uprising of Guangzhou commune, American, British and Japanese imperialism directly participated in the suppression. They used machine guns, cannons and warships moored in White Swan Pond to help Kuomintang reactionaries shell revolutionary insurgents.

19411On February 8th, the United States and Britain declared war on Japan. At that time, the Japanese puppet troops occupying Guangzhou took over Shamian and put foreigners such as Britain, France and the United States in concentration camps.

1March, 942, in order to win people's hearts, the Japanese army nominally handed over the sand surface to the puppet government of Wang, but from 194 1 to 1945, the sand surface was actually manipulated by the Japanese army.

After Japan surrendered, although the Kuomintang government accepted the sand surface, the whole sand surface was still the sphere of influence of foreigners such as the United States, Britain and France. It was not until Guangzhou was liberated in 1949 that Shamian really returned to the embrace of China people.

In the early days of Guangzhou's liberation, the Guangzhou Military Management Committee took over Shamian militarily and once set up a special zone.

1950 Shamian Special Zone was merged into Taiping District, and Shamian established a sub-district office.

The Central District was established in 1952, and Shamian is under the jurisdiction of the Central District.

1960 the downtown area was abolished, and the sand surface was transferred to liwan district, which belongs to qingping administrative street together with qingping and lingnan streets.

196 1 1 Shamian1set up an office on October 6th. Directly under the leadership of Guangzhou Municipal People's Committee.

1970 In September, Shamian Street Revolutionary Committee was established and placed under Liwan District.

1 98010 June1day, the Revolutionary Committee was revoked and Shamian Sub-district Office in Liwan District was established as an agency of Liwan District People's Government.

From 65438 to 0996, the buildings in Shamian were designated as national key cultural relics protection units.

From 65438 to 0997, the State Council listed Shamian as a national cultural relic protection area.

condition

Shamian is a famous tourist attraction in Guangzhou. The island is well afforested, with 150 old trees. In terms of architecture, most of them were built at the end of 19 and the beginning of the 20th century, with western style. There are star-rated hotels such as White Swan Hotel on the island, so foreigners are often seen staying.

Shamian has always been the concentration area of consulates in Guangzhou. However, due to the expansion of consulates and the rapid development of other parts of the city, most consulates have moved out of Shamian. With the American Consulate moving to Zhujiang New Town in July 20 13, only the Polish Consulate was left on the island.

At present, there are administrative organs such as Guangdong Branch of General Administration of Customs, Foreign Affairs Office of Guangdong Provincial People's Government and corporate headquarters such as Guangzhou Pharmaceutical Group and Meichen Group.

Shantou 1

There are currently four stone heads in Shamian Island, which are distributed on the north and south banks (South Bank 1, North Bank 3).

Shibutou of Shamian Island belongs to the national key cultural relics protection unit. During the concession period, Shamian Island had seven stone heads. There are three Shantou in the north of Shamian Island and on the bank of Shajiyong.

On the south side of Shamian Island and along the Pearl River, there are four heads, namely, houseboat steps, recreation steps, consular steps and French steps.

/kloc-When the White Swan Hotel was built in the 1980s, the river south of Shamian Island was reclaimed from the sea, which destroyed three of the four piers along the Pearl River, leaving only the French pier. The three heads beside Shajiyong are still well preserved.

2. Green-skinned apples

Shamian Island is covered with trees, with more than 1000 trees. Among them, there are 65,438+054 * * trees over 65,438+000 years old, most of which are Ficus tenuifolia and Cinnamomum camphora, while others are almonds, fake persimmon trees and eucalyptus trees. The oldest tree on the island is a camphor tree located in the north of Shamian Fourth Street, which lives in 1685 and has a tree age of more than 300 years.

Before becoming the British and French Concession, there were many trees on the sand surface. After becoming a concession, two large-scale tree planting activities were organized in 1864 and 1878, which basically formed the present greening appearance.

Step 3 park

Shamian Park: It was converted from the Queen's Garden in the former British Concession. Shamian Park now includes not only the Queen's Garden in history, but also the eastern part of the football field in the British Concession (which no longer exists) and part of the land reclamation in1980s. ..

Cuizhou Garden: It was converted from the French Garden in the former French Concession. At present, most of the area of Cuizhou Garden is occupied by the party and mass service centers, restaurants and shops in Liwan District, and can no longer be used for recreation.

Refer to the above? Baidu encyclopedia-shamian