Complete detailed information of Songyang Academy

Songyang Academy is a famous institution of higher learning in ancient China, one of the four major academies in ancient China, part of the historical building complex among the world cultural heritage, and a national key cultural relics protection unit. It is located in Zhengzhou City, Henan Province The southern foot of Songshan Mountain in Dengfeng City. The structure of Songyang Academy is simple and elegant. The main building on the central axis has five entrances and complete corridors and verandas. Songyang Academy is known as a "specimen" for studying ancient Chinese academy architecture, education system and Confucian culture due to its unique nature of Confucian educational architecture.

The academy is a unique educational organization in Chinese feudal society. It occupies an important and unique position in the history of ancient Chinese education and has a decisive influence. Songyang Academy is one of the four major academies in ancient China and is a leader among academies. It has played an important educational role in spreading the traditional culture of the Chinese nation and cultivating talents.

Historically, Songyang Academy was famous for its Neo-Confucianism, enriched by culture, and famous for its unique cultural relics. The Songshan area has been an important area for Confucian school activities since ancient times. There are Songyang Academy, Yinggu Academy, Shaoshi Academy, Nancheng Academy, and Cunugu Academy. The most prominent one is Songyang Academy. "The scenery of Songgao in the academy is the clearest, and the name of the Forbidden City is still remembered on the stone buildings. The sound of the mountains and streams lingers in the rain, and the fragrance of chrysanthemums and bamboos welcomes the new sunshine. How can I say goodbye when I first come, and the sentences in the shadow of Han and cypresses are occasionally formed."

On August 1, 2010, the historical buildings located in the hinterland of Songshan Mountain and the surrounding heaven and earth (Shaolin Temple (Changzhu Temple, Chuzu'an, Talin), the Three Towers of the Eastern Han Dynasty (Taishi Tower, Shaoshi Tower, Qimu Tower) , Zhongyue Temple, Songyue Temple Pagoda, Huishan Temple, Songyang Academy, Star Observation Tower) are listed as world cultural heritage. Basic introduction Chinese name: Songyang Academy Location: South foot of Songshan Mountain, Dengfeng City, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province Climate type: Temperate monsoon climate Area: 9984 square meters Opening hours: 8:00-18:30 in spring and summer, 8:00 in autumn and winter -18:00 Attraction level: National AAAAA level tourist attraction Ticket price: 30 yuan Famous attractions: Zhongyue Songyang Temple Lun Tong Stele? Panchi Bridge? Daotong Temple? Guanshan Hall? Chongru Temple Protection level: World Cultural Heritage Protection level: National key cultural relics protection unit Recommended play time: 2 hours Suitable play season: Suitable for all seasons Must read before traveling, scenic spot news, scenic spots Introduction, key information, beautiful pictures of scenic spots, historical evolution, main scenic spots, Tang Dynasty stele, three generals, stone carvings, academy buildings, Sophora japonica planted by Er Cheng, Zhongyue Songyang Temple Lun Tong stele, apricot altar, "Dengfeng County Map" Monument, tourist information, transportation guide, geographical location, historical evolution Songyang Academy was once a place of Buddhism and Taoism in history, but it is the longest and most famous place as a Confucian holy place. Songyang Academy was first built in the eighth year of Taihe in the Northern Wei Dynasty (AD 484). It was named Songyang Temple. It was a place for Buddhist activities and served hundreds of monks. During the Daye period of the Sui Dynasty (605-618), Songyang Academy was renamed Songyang Temple and became a place for Taoist activities. In the first year of Hongdao in the Tang Dynasty (AD 683), when Gaozong Li Zhi visited Songshan Mountain, he closed it as a temporary palace and named it "Fengtian Palace". In the Later Zhou Dynasty of the Five Dynasties (951-960 AD), it was changed to Taiyi Academy. In the second year of Jingyou of the Song Dynasty (1035 AD), it was named Songyang Academy. Since then, it has been an educational place where celebrities of all ages taught classics. In the early Song Dynasty, the country was at peace and literary styles were flourishing. After the long period of chaos in the Five Dynasties, Confucian scholars liked to find a quiet place in the mountains and forests to gather together to give lectures. Dengfeng is the place where Yao, Shun, Yu, Zhou Gong, etc. once lived. According to records, 24 people including Fan Zhongyan, Sima Guang, Cheng Hao, Cheng Yi, Yang Shi, Zhu Xi, Li Gang, and Fan Chunren lectured at Songyang Academy. Sima Guang’s masterpiece "Zi Zhi Tong Jian" Volume 9 to Volume 21 was completed in Songyang Academy and Chongfu Palace. Cheng Yi and Cheng Hao, known as the "Second Cheng", have been lecturing at Songyang Academy for more than 10 years. Jingdong, a famous scholar, studied at Songyang Academy. After becoming a Jinshi, he served as a censor for nine times. From then on, Songyang Academy became one of the most influential academies in the Northern Song Dynasty.

Songyang Academy is one of the birthplaces of Song Dynasty Dynasty School. The founders of the "Luo School" of Song Dynasty Dynasty School, Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi brothers, Sima Guang and Fan Zhongyan once lectured at Songyang Academy, and part of Sima Guang's masterpiece "Zi Zhi Tong Jian" It was written in Songyang Academy. The academy was destroyed by war in the late Ming Dynasty. It was renovated and expanded in the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties. At its peak, the academy had an area of ??more than 1,750 acres, hundreds of students and students, and a collection of more than 2,000 books such as "The Complete Works of Zhu Zi" and "The Essence of Nature". , "The Four Books of the Day" and the Nine Classics. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, the imperial examination system was abolished and schools were established. After more than a thousand years of academy education, the imperial examination process was completed. However, as a shining pearl in the history of ancient Chinese education, the academy will always be recorded in the annals of history. In the Xinmao year of Kangxi, the entire province was conducting an election in Kaifeng. The number of candidates was less than one per county, but Dengfeng won five. Emperor Gaozong Hongli of the Qing Dynasty wrote a poem in praise of Songyang Academy when he visited Songyang Academy on October 1, the fifteenth year of Qianlong's reign (AD 1750). Sima Guang's Songyang Academy has gone through many additions and repairs over the generations. The architectural layout of the academy maintains the pre-Qing Dynasty style. There are more than 500 existing halls and corridors, which are composed of five courtyards. In the courtyard are the Pantheon and the Hall of the First Masters. , Sanxian Temple, Lize Hall, Library, Daotong Temple, Boyue Zhai, Jingwen Zhai, Sanyi Zhai and other buildings. The first is the Ancestor Temple, which honors the ancestors and sages related to the academy, followed by the lecture hall, the Daotong Temple behind the lecture hall, and finally the library. The supporting rooms on both sides were originally "Chengzhu Temple", study room, study room, etc. The walls of the corridors in the courtyard are inlaid with inscriptions by literati from past dynasties, and their content and calligraphy have their own characteristics. The west side courtyard contains some buildings of the teaching and examination room of Songyang Academy in the Qing Dynasty. In September 1936, before going to Luoyang to celebrate his 50th birthday, Chiang Kai-shek visited Songshan Mountain, accompanied by Shang Zhen, Zhang Jingyu, Qian Dajun and others. When visiting Songyang Academy, I saw that it is surrounded by mountains and has a quiet environment, but there is a lack of water in the nearby mountains. I immediately ordered Zhang Jingyu, the director of the Henan Provincial Department of Construction, to mobilize the well team to dig a 100-meter-deep well in Songyang Academy, named Jianggong Well. This is the first deep motor-driven well in the history of Songshan Mountain, and it is still intact. In 1961, it was listed as a national key cultural relic protection unit by the State Council. On December 5, 2006, the Songshan Ancient Building Complex, including Songyang Academy, was included in the preliminary list of China's World Cultural Heritage by the State Administration of Cultural Heritage as the only independent project in Henan Province. In 2009, the ancient Songyang Academy was revived and the Songyang Academy of Zhengzhou University was established, making new contributions to the inheritance of the excellent Chinese culture of the Chinese nation. On August 1, 2010, the historical buildings located in the hinterland of Songshan Mountain and the surrounding world (Shaolin Temple (Changzhu Temple, Chuzu Temple, Talin), the Three Towers of the Eastern Han Dynasty (Taishi Tower, Shaoshi Tower, Qimu Tower), Zhongyue Temple, Songyue Temple Pagoda, Huishan Temple, Songyang Academy, and Star Observation Deck) are listed as world cultural heritage. The main attraction is the Datang Stele, whose full name is the "Datang Songyang Guanji Saint De Sheng Yingyi Ode Stele". It was erected in the third year of Tianbao in the Tang Dynasty (744 AD). The stele is 9.02 meters high, 2.04 meters wide and 1.05 meters thick. The stele is grand and exquisitely carved. , the whole inscription is 1078 words, and the content mainly tells the story of Sun Taichong, a Taoist priest from Songyang Temple, who made nine rounds of alchemy for Li Longji, Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty. Li Linfu wrote the article, and Pei Jiong's seal script was Xu Hao's eight-point official script. The calligraphy is correct, with moderate hardness and softness, and the brushwork is elegant. It is a representative work of official script in the Tang Dynasty. The Tang Dynasty stele weighs more than 80 tons, and the stele cap alone weighs more than 10 tons. Among the people, the wisdom-filled legend of "Wisely Building a Tang Monument" has attracted thousands of people and has become one of the important contents of appreciating the Tang Monument. There were originally three ancient cypresses in the Songyang Academy of the Three Generals of the Tang Dynasty. In the sixth year of Yuanfeng in the Western Han Dynasty (110 BC), when Liu Che, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, visited Songyue, he saw tall and lush cypress trees, so he was named "General" and "Second General". ” and “Three Generals.” Second General: The General cypress tree is 12 meters high and 5.4 meters wide. The tree body is reclining and the crown is dense and wide, like a big umbrella covering the clear sky. The Second General Cypress tree is 18.2 meters high and 12.54 meters wide. Although the bark is mottled and old, it is full of vitality and has tall and straight branches. There is a hole connecting the north and south in the lower part of the trunk, which is like a doorway. Five or six people can be accommodated in the tree hole. Two huge branches curved like wings, stretching left and right, like an eagle spreading its wings and a golden rooster about to fly. Whenever the mountain wind blows, the branches and leaves sway like a ring, and the sound of silk and bamboo can still be heard. The third general Bai was destroyed in the late Ming Dynasty. The age of General Cypress has always been a mysterious topic.

The tree has a history of more than 2,000 years since it was enshrined. Mr. Zhao Puchu left a hymn of praise: "There is Zhou Bai in Songyang, and the world is three thousand years old." According to the appraisal by forestry experts, Jiangjun Cypress is a primitive cypress with an age of 4,500 years. It is the oldest and largest existing cypress stone carving in China. The Ming Dynasty stone carving of Songyang Academy, "Dengfeng County Map", was carved in the Guisi Year of Wanli (AD 1593), as shown on the map. It is engraved in detail the distribution of scenic spots and historic sites in the Songshan area and the names of mountains, rivers, roads, villages and towns. It is a map of the distribution of cultural relics in Dengfeng and a map of Dengfeng County. Although the cultural relics and scenic spots in Dengfeng County are recorded in chronicles, this is the only stone carving map of Dengfeng County that is directly described in the form of a map. This stone map has clear outlines and accurate location. Looking at this map, you can clearly understand the overall picture of Dengfeng County and the distribution of cultural relics. The Ming Dynasty stone carving map of Dengfeng County is a rare art treasure and a rare and valuable information for studying the geography, cultural relics and history of Dengfeng. Interior view of the academy. Academy building. Songyang Academy basically maintains the architectural layout of the Qing Dynasty. It is 128 meters long from north to south and 78 meters wide from east to west. It covers an area of ??9984 square meters. The central axis building is divided into five courtyards, from south to north, followed by the gate, the temple, the lecture hall, the Taoist temple and the library. The side rooms on both sides of the central axis are connected. There are 108 ancient buildings, many It is a hard-mounted lime-tube tiled house, simple and elegant, which is completely different from the numerous red walls, green tiles, carved beams and painted temples in the Central Plains area, and has strong local architectural characteristics. Couplet on the gate: Near the four sides, but in the center, it unites Taihua and Hengheng. The four barriers, the Guanhe River and the God Yue, have been the city for nine dynasties. 4 meters. Although the trunk of the tree is rugged and hollow, the crown of the locust tree is densely shaded and covered with new branches. The trees are graceful, ageless and have a long history. Shenzong Xining of the Northern Song Dynasty and the famous Neo-Confucian Cheng Hao during the Yuanfeng period (1068-1085). When Cheng Yi went to give lectures at Songyang Academy, he personally planted many locust and cypress trees to decorate the courtyard. The Luntong Monument of Songyang Temple in Zhongyue was erected in the second year of Tianping (535) by Emperor Xiaojing of the Eastern Wei Dynasty. On one side are engraved Buddha statues in the 94 caves, and on the upper side of the other side is a large Buddhist niche with one Buddha, two Bodhisattvas and three disciples. The lintel of the niche has reliefs of various images of the Flying Boy and The pattern on the side of the stele is quite exquisite and is the finest work of stone carving art in the Central Plains. An ancient apricot tree is said to have been planted by Geng Jie. Today, the stone altar guard and the railings of the Zhouzai platform have been restored to their old appearance. There are 70 tablets on the "Dengfeng County Map" in Songyang Academy, dating from the Wanli Year of Ming Shenzong (1593). Chen Guozhang, the magistrate of Dengfeng County, presided over the engraving. The monument is 1.05 meters high, 0.86 meters wide, and 0.2 meters thick. It depicts the mountains and rivers of Dengfeng County, roads, villages and towns, and the names of the four geographical boundaries. Although it has a history of more than 400 years, the writing is clear and the lines are clear. Some people say that "one glance at this picture can encompass Dengfeng and travel to Zhongyue." The "Dengfeng County Map" stele is carved using the flat line shallow carving technique. According to scientific measurements by the surveying and mapping department, it is a map of the distribution of cultural relics in Dengfeng in the Ming Dynasty. The tour map is also a geographical map. Tourist information opening hours are 8:00-18:30 in spring and summer, 8:00-18:00 in autumn and winter. The ticket price is 80 yuan/person, and the student ticket is 40 yuan/person. Tips: Dengfeng There are hundreds of hotels, hotels, restaurants and guest houses in the city and scenic spots, which are convenient and comfortable. Transportation guide: Take Route 2 or Route 6 in Dengfeng City. Just get off the bus at the terminal, about a 10-minute drive away. Songyang Academy is one of the world cultural heritage sites of historical buildings. It is located at the foot of Junji Peak, 3 kilometers north of Dengfeng City, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province. , named Songyang Academy because it is located in the sun of Songshan Mountain.