Illustration of Huizhou Architecture —— What is the cultural background of Huizhou architecture in history? How did Huizhou architecture come into being?

What are the characteristics of Huizhou architecture? Live together, face south, pay attention to internal lighting; Wood beam bearing, brick, stone, soil wall; Focusing on the main hall, he is good at carving beams and painting buildings, decorating roofs and cornices.

Huizhou architecture is one of the most important schools of traditional architecture in China, which originated from Dongyang architecture. As an important part of Huizhou culture, Huizhou architecture has always been highly respected by Chinese and foreign architects.

Huizhou architecture combines the aura of Huizhou landscape and the essence of traditional custom culture, with unique style, rigorous structure and exquisite carving. Whether it is the planning concept of villages and towns, or the comprehensive application of plane space treatment and architectural sculpture art, it fully embodies the distinctive local characteristics. Folk houses, ancestral temples and memorial archways are the most typical, and they are known as the three wonders of Huizhou ancient buildings, which are valued and respected by Chinese and foreign architectural circles.

Extended data

1, site selection

In the site selection of Huizhou ancient dwellings, the pillow hill, the surrounding water, the front screen and the sunrise are emphasized, so that the housing community can be skillfully combined with the surrounding environment.

2. External modeling features

For Huizhou ancient dwellings, their external modeling features are undoubtedly powder wall, tile wall and horse head wall. Huizhou ancient dwellings change in three levels: black, white and gray, forming a unified architectural tone, fresh and elegant, giving people a strong and unique aesthetic effect.

3. Facade design

The facade design of Huizhou ancient dwellings emphasizes left-right symmetry. As an entrance and exit, the door is an important part of the facade design of Huizhou ancient dwellings, and it is also the focus of decoration, forming a simple or complex gatehouse decoration. In practical function, the gatehouse is mainly to prevent rain from splashing on the door along the wall.

Reference source:

-Huizhou architecture

What is Huizhou school? How did it come into being? One,

Hui Style architecture

Style is one of the important schools of traditional Han architecture. Huizhou architecture, as an important part of Huizhou culture, has always been highly respected by Chinese and foreign architects and is popular in Huizhou (now Huangshan City,

jixi county

, Wuyuan County) and

Yanzhou

, Jinhua, Quzhou and other western Zhejiang regions. Brick, wood and stone are used as raw materials, and wood frames are the main materials. The beam is made of huge materials and pays attention to decoration. Bricks, wood and stone carvings are also widely used, showing a superb level of decorative arts. Huizhou architecture originally originated in Dongyang and is a typical representative of Jiangnan architecture. Historically, Huizhou merchants operated in Yangzhou, Suzhou and other places, and Huizhou architecture also had a considerable impact on the local architectural style.

Second, the formation of Huizhou architecture

Huizhou architecture is

Chinese feudal society

As one of the late-maturing schools of ancient architecture, Huizhou's ancestors were

Ancient Huizhou

This land is constantly multiplying, creating a brilliant architectural culture in the years of labor creation to improve the living environment.

After the mid-Ming Dynasty, Huizhou merchants rose and dominated the business circles in China for 200 to 300 years, becoming the only big business group in the middle and late feudal society of China that could be on an equal footing with Shanxi merchants with strong financial resources. At the same time, dajia, a group of wealthy businessmen, emerged, and Huizhou merchants who monopolized salt merchants in Qing Dynasty also had money to receive them one after another.

qing dynasty emperor

Kangxi Qianlong's southern tour. In addition, Huizhou people "learn Confucianism" and "Jia is good at Confucianism", making friends with officials and scholars, and some of them have high cultural attainments, so "being good at Confucianism" has realized the trinity of "official", "Jia" and "Confucianism"

These Huizhou merchants make great achievements and shine in the countryside. Building luxury houses, repairing ancestral temples, erecting memorial archways and building gardens have brought great changes to the rural landscape of Huizhou. These ancient buildings have unique style, reasonable layout, exquisite decoration, natural changes and pure natural local flavor; In addition, Huizhou is rich in wood, and there has always been a tradition of carving and painting among the people. Brick carving, wood carving and stone carving have their own characteristics. At the same time, Huizhou merchants with high cultural literacy injected their own views on layout structure and interior decoration into the buildings, which prompted Huizhou architecture to gradually form a unique architectural system, which was not only practical, but also rich in connotation, and was known as "a major school of architectural art in China".

What is the cultural background of Huizhou architecture in history? How did Huizhou architecture come into being? (relating to) history

Hui Style architecture

What is the cultural background?

Huizhou architecture is a material entity cast under the cultural and artistic conditions of a specific era, which is mainly manifested in three aspects.

secondary sexual characteristics

Applicability, representativeness and natural environment, thus forming a unique Huizhou architectural philosophy: the harmonious unity of man and architecture, architecture and nature; The most substantial and intuitive contact between people and between people and nature. It integrates the beauty of nature, society and form, and fully embodies the harmonious unity between people, people and environment, and people and nature.

Huizhou architecture mainly has the following practical forms:

First, talk big. Urban settlements, residential buildings and natural landscapes blend with each other and live in harmony.

Second, simplicity and elegance. Architectural color-black, white and gray, architectural elements-point, line and surface. Architectural space-external reality and internal lack.

Third, intimacy and happiness. The architectural space is people-oriented, with appropriate boundaries, reasonable humanity, rich forms of expression and integration of culture and art.

Fourth, stretch at will. Taking the indoor space of the terrace as the spreading connection point, the shape and structure of the building are unpredictable in a tangible and intangible way, integrated with the terrain and rationally utilized.

Fifth, the organic whole. It is closely related to the natural environment on the ground and is full of sense of order, hierarchy and unity. It shows a purposeful spirit of place.

Sixth, opening to the outside world. It is reflected in the cultural inclusiveness and inclusiveness of opening to the outside world, including the openness of outdoor areas and the extroversion of indoor space.

This core concept is embodied in

Anhui Hongcun village

Bull-shaped building space, westward hand boat system, Pingshan village mountain, water phase melting; Find expression in ...

Shexian County

Doushan Street, Tang ink landscape and street space; Reflected in Xiuning

Wan 'an

The living environment of the five ancient cities is different. This is precisely the cultural charm and characteristic of Huizhou architecture.

How did Huizhou architecture come into being?

Huizhou architecture is

Ancient Chinese architecture

One of the most important factions, the key fashion is

Ancient Huizhou

Area. Today, there are still many Huizhou classical architectural sites scattered in Huizhou villages. The whole process of building in Huizhou has been hurt by Huizhou's unique historical time, topography and humanistic thought. It is actually a gathering place of ancient Vietnamese, and its settlement method is to adapt to the "dry column" architecture in mountain life. Later, the Central Plains imperial clan moved to China on a large scale, adding the most advanced Central Plains culture and art. The exchange and combination of the civilized behavior of the Central Plains and the ancient Yue culture and art was immediately reflected in the architectural content.

The most typical "rooftop hall" in early Huizhou architecture, especially the spacious living room on the roof, is a place where many people rest for their daily theme activities. Mainly because the mountainous area is wet and cold, in order to avoid the gas of boils, the "dry column" architectural pattern of the Vietnamese people has been preserved. At the same time, because of the influx of many immigrants, people are densely populated, and building a house has become the best choice, but it is more compact. In order to solve the problems of natural ventilation and sunlight, the "quadrangle" model in the Central Plains has developed into a closed and smooth "terrace" in Huizhou, which is integrated into the steep mountain natural environment.

Moreover, wooden buildings in mountainous areas are prone to fire accidents. In order to prevent the fire from spreading rapidly, they formed again.

Trapezoidal projection on the side of gable wall

. The architectural style of the early Huizhou school is just the product of the integration of foreign immigrant investment and local culture. After the middle of Ming Dynasty, Huizhou merchants rose. After getting rich, Huizhou merchants competed to build houses, gardens and temples in their hometown.

Erect a memorial door

, xing Taoist temple, Taoist temple. Due to the characteristics of "being good at Confucianism", Huizhou merchants have given their own opinions on architectural geomantic omen, structure, interior structure decoration design, room layout, etc., which has promoted the gradual formation of unique buildings in Huizhou architecture.

management system

, so that Huizhou architecture is not only applicable, but also contains rich cultural heritage.