When did the Maritime Silk Road flourish?

The Maritime Silk Road flourished in the Song and Yuan Dynasties.

The development of the Maritime Silk Road can be roughly divided into four historical stages. First, it was formed before the mid-Tang Dynasty, and before the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the sea route was only a supplementary form of the land Silk Road; Second, the middle and late Tang Dynasty was a transitional period; Third, the Song and Yuan Dynasties were at their peak. Fourth, the Ming Dynasty was a period of decline.

Song dynasty

With the high development of commercial science and technology in Song Dynasty, the invention of navigation technology such as compass and watertight compartment, the accumulation of navigation knowledge such as astrology and geography, and the enthusiasm of the Arab world for maritime trade, the Maritime Silk Road reached unprecedented prosperity.

. According to documents, during the Song and Yuan Dynasties (1098 ~ 1 100), China ships used compasses for navigation, and in the Ming Dynasty, compass navigation was widely used. At that time, the seamen who were in charge of the ship's navigation direction all had a secret "Sea Needle Sutra", which listed in detail the needle routes from Guangzhou or Quanzhou to and from western countries. In the Song Dynasty, companies were established in Guangzhou, Hangzhou, Ningbo, Quanzhou, Jiaozhou, Jiaxing (Xiuzhou), Huating County (now Songjiang), Zhenjiang, Suzhou, Wenzhou, Jiangyin and Haiyan to manage overseas trade. Among them, Guangzhou was the largest port at that time, and Quanzhou became the largest port in the world and the largest port in the East at the end of the Southern Song Dynasty.

Countries that trade with China: Zhancheng, Zhenla, Sanfo Qi, Kelantan, Boni, Ba LAM Raymond, Lanburi, Dice, Sanyu, Dashi, Daqin, Persia, Baida, Majia, Lu Yi, Jiulin, Xilan, Dengliumei, Zhongli, Priru, Hugendo, Sigarino and Lu Yi. There are monographs such as Answering the Questions at home and abroad, Records of the Confused, etc., which record the trade between countries and China.

Quanzhou's overseas traffic originated in the Southern Dynasties and developed in the Tang Dynasty. At the turn of the Tang and Song Dynasties, China's economic center of gravity has begun to shift to the south, and the southeast economy has developed rapidly. Song dynasty has

The three major foreign trade ports are Guangzhou, Ningbo and Quanzhou. The geographical convenience of this port is very important to overseas businessmen. Businessmen from Japan and the Korean peninsula in the north hoped that the main ports of the Song Dynasty would be as far north as possible, while the Arab society with a larger trade volume would.

The world and countries in the South China Sea hope that the port will go south as far as possible, and the resultant point of the two directions will be balanced in Quanzhou, which was located at the midpoint of the north and south coasts at that time. It is this geographical advantage of north-south radiation that makes Quanzhou quickly surpass Mingzhou Port (Ningbo) and become the largest port after the establishment of the Municipal Navigation Office (1087).

the Yuan Dynasty

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During the reign of Bi Lie, due to successive years of foreign wars and failures, four maritime bans were carried out successively. The first "maritime ban" occurred at the beginning of the 22nd year of Zhiyuan (1285). The first maritime ban came from a.d. 1292.

Stop at 1294. The second sea ban lasted from 1303 to 1308. The third sea ban lasted from 13 1 1 to 13 14. The fourth sea ban ended from 1320 to 1322. 1322 Reset Quanzhou,

Qingyuan (Ningbo) and Guangzhou ship lift companies, and then no longer banned from going to sea. China's great navigator, Wang Dayuan, sailed to Egypt from Quanzhou Port and wrote a book "Island Brief", which recorded the 100 countries he visited.